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Active Cognitive Reserve Influences the Regional Atrophy to Cognition Link in Multiple Sclerosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2013

Adam J. Booth ,
Jonathan D. Rodgers ,
Carolyn E. Schwartz ,
Brian R. Quaranto ,
Bianca Weinstock-Guttman ,
Robert Zivadinov  and
Ralph H.B. Benedict
Adam J. Booth
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
Jonathan D. Rodgers
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
Carolyn E. Schwartz
Affiliation:
DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc, Concord, Massachusetts Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Brian R. Quaranto
Affiliation:
DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc, Concord, Massachusetts
Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
Robert Zivadinov
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
Ralph H.B. Benedict*
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Ralph H.B. Benedict, Neurology, E-2, Buffalo General Hospital, 100 High Street, Buffalo, New York, 14203. E-mail: benedict@buffalo.edu
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Abstract

Recent research indicates that cognitive reserve mitigates the clinical expression of neuropsychological impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). This literature primarily uses premorbid intelligence and lifetime experiences as indicators. However, changes in current recreational activities may also contribute to the maintenance of neural function despite brain atrophy. We examined the moderation effects of current changes in recreational activity on the relationship between brain atrophy and information processing speed in 57 relapsing-remitting MS patients. Current enrichment was assessed using the Recreation and Pastimes subscale from the Sickness Impact Profile. In patients reporting current declines in recreational activities, brain atrophy was negatively associated with cognition, but there was no such association in participants reporting stable participation. The MRI metric-by-recreational activity interaction was significant in separate hierarchical regression analyses conducted using third ventricle width, neocortical volume, T2 lesion volume, and thalamic volume as brain measures. Results suggest that recreational activities protect against brain atrophy's detrimental influence on cognition. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–6)

Keywords

Multiple sclerosisCognitive reserveLeisure activitiesRecreationMagnetic resonance imagingNeuropsychology
Type
Brief Communication
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 19 , Issue 10 , November 2013 , pp. 1128 - 1133
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2013 

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