Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T11:44:10.174Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Early orthoceratoid cephalopods from the Argentine Precordillera (Lower-Middle Ordovician)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Björn Kröger ,
Matilde S. Beresi  and
Ed Landing
Björn Kröger
Affiliation:
Museum für Naturkunde, Institut für Paläontologie, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany, 〈bjoekroe@gmx.de〉
Matilde S. Beresi
Affiliation:
Cricyt-Ianigla, Departamento de Paleontología, Avda. Ruiz leal s/n, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina, 〈mberesi@lab.cricyt.edu.ar〉
Ed Landing
Affiliation:
New York State Museum, State Education Department, Albany, New York 12230, 〈elanding@mail.nysed.gov〉
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Early and Middle Ordovician Orthocerida and Lituitida of Precordilleran Argentina are described, and their systematics and paleogeographic significance are revised. These cephalopods show a strong affinity to coeval faunas of North China, suggesting a location of the Precordillera at middle latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere east of the North China block and relatively close to the Gondwanan margin during the early Middle Ordovician. The descriptive terminology of characters of the septal necks, the position and shape of the siphuncule, and the shape of the connecting ring is improved. The distribution of these characters support an emendation of the Baltoceratidae, Sactorthoceratidae, and Proteoceratidae. Braulioceras n. gen. (Sactorthoceratidae) and Palorthoceras n. gen. (Orthoceratidae) are erected. The new species Braulioceras sanjuanense, Eosomichelinoceras baldisii, Gangshanoceras villicumense, and Rhynchorthoceras minor are proposed. Palorthoceras n. gen. from the Lower Ordovician Oepikodus evae Zone represents the earliest known orthocerid.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 81 , Issue 6 , November 2007 , pp. 1266 - 1283
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aceñolaza, F. G. and Beresi, M. S. 2002. Ordovician nautiloids of Argentina, p. 107–120. In Aceñolaza, F. G. (ed.), Aspects of the Ordovician System in Argentina, INSUGEO, Serie de Correlación Geológica, 16. Universitad Nacional Tucumán, Tucumán.Google Scholar
Aceñolaza, F. G. and Toselli, A. 1999. Argentine Precordillera: Allochthonous or autochthonous Gondwanic? Zentralblatt für Geologie Paläontologie, Teil I, 7/8:743–756.Google Scholar
Aceñolaza, F. G., Durand, F. R., and Taddei, R. D. 1977. Nautiloideos ordovícicos de la Precordillera Argentina. Fauna de Huaco, Provincia de San Juan. Acta Geologica Lilloana, 13:219–242.Google Scholar
Aceñolaza, F. G., Miller, H., and Toselli, A. J. 2002. Proterozoic–Early Paleozoic evolution in western South America–a discussion. Tectonophysics, 354:121–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albanesi, G. L. and Ortega, G. 2002. Advances on conodont-graptolite biostratigraphy, p. 146–165. In Aceñolaza, F. G. (ed.), Aspects of the Ordovician System in Argentina, INSUGEO, Serie de Correlación Geológica, 16. Universitad Nacional Tucumán, Tucumán.Google Scholar
Albanesi, G. L., Ortega, G., Barnes, C. R., and Hünicken, M. A. 1999. Conodont-graptolite biostratigraphy of the Gualcamayo Formation (Middle Ordovician) in the Gualcamayo-Guandacol rivers area, Argentina Precordillera. Acta Univesitatis Carolinae, Geologica, 43(1/2):45–48.Google Scholar
Astini, R. A., Benedetto, J. L., and Vaccari, N. E. 1995. The Early Paleozoic evolution of the Argentine Precordillera as a Laurentian rifted, drifted, and collided terrane; a geodynamic model. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 107:253–273.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balashov, Z. G. 1953. Stratigraficheskoe rasprotranenie nautiloidea v ordovike Pribaltiki. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Neftyanogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskogo Geologo-Razvednoknogo Instituta (VNIGRI), 78:197–216. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Balashov, Z. G. 1955. Semeistvo Cochlioceratidae nom. nov. Voprosy Paleontologii, 2:55–60. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Balashov, Z. G. 1957. Protoconch drevnepaleozoiskogo predstavitelia roda Orthoceras. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 116(5):855–857. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Balashov, Z. G. 1962. Nautiloidei Ordovika Sibirskoi platformy. Isdat'elstvo Leningradskogo. Universiteta, Leningrad/St. Petersburg, 205 p. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Balashov, Z. G. and Zhuravleva, F. A. 1962. Ortriad Orthoceratida. p. 82–92. In Ruzhencev, V. E. (ed.), Osnovy Paleontologii. Isdat'ielstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Baldis, B. and Beresi, M. 1981. Biofacies de culminación del ciclo deposicional calcáreo del Arenigiano en el Oeste argentino. II Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología I, Porto Alegre, Brazil: 11–17.Google Scholar
Baldis, B., Bordonaro, O., Armella, C., Beresi, M., Cabaleri, N., Peralta, S. H., and Bastias, H. 1989. La cuenca Paleozoica inferior de la Precordillera Argentina. Correlación Geológica, 6:101–121.Google Scholar
Barnes, C. R. 2004. Ordovician oceans and climate, p. 72–76. In Webby, B. D., Paris, F., Droser, M. L., and Percival, I. G. (eds.), The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Columbia University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barskov, I. S. 1972. Pozdneordovikskie i Silurijskie Golovonogie Mollyuski Kazachstana i Srednei Azii. Isdat'ielstvo Nauka, Moscow, 109 p. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Benedetto, J. L. 1998. Early Palaeozoic brachiopods and associated shelly faunas from western Gondwana: Their bearing on the geodynamic history of the pre-Andean margin. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 179:87–102.Google Scholar
Benedetto, J. L., Sánchez, T. M., Carrera, M. G., Brussa, E. D., and Salas, M. J. 1999. Paleontological constraints on successive paleogeographic positions of Precordillera terrane during the early Paleozoic, p. 21–42. In Ramos, V. A. and Keppie, J. D. (eds.), Laurentia-Gondwana Connections before Pangea, Geological Society of America, Special Paper 336.Google Scholar
Beresi, M. S. 1981. Fauna y ambiente en los sedimentos carbonaticos arenigianos de Talacasto, San Juan, Argentina. VIII Congreso Geológico Argentino, V. 2:399–417.Google Scholar
Beresi, M. S. 1986. Paleoecología y biofacies de la Formación San Juan al sur del paralelo de 30° S, Precordillera de San Juan. Unpublished dissertation, Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, 400 p.Google Scholar
Beresi, M. S. 1992. Ordovician events in the Precordillera Argentina, p. 337–344. In Webby, B. D., and Laurie, J. R. (eds.), Global Perspectives on Ordovician Geology. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Beresi, M. S. and Rigby, J. K. 1993. The Lower Ordovician sponges of San Juan, Argentina. Brigham Young University, Geology Studies, 39:1–64.Google Scholar
Boll, E. 1857. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der silurischen Cephalopoden im norddeutschen Diluvium und den anstehenden Lagern Schwedens. Archiv des Vereins der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in Mecklenburg, 11:58–95.Google Scholar
Borrello, A.V. and Gareca, P. G. 1951. Sobre la presencia de Nemagraptus gracilis (Hall) en el Ordovícico del norte de San Juan. Asociacion Geológica Argentina, 6(3):187–993.Google Scholar
Bruguière, J. G. 1789. Histoire Naturelle des vers. Vol. 1. Pt. 1. Encyclopedic méthodique, 6, Panckoucke, Paris, 757 p.Google Scholar
Cañas, E. L. 1995. Early Ordovician carbonate platform facies of the Argentine Precordillera: Restricted shelf to open platform evolution, p. 221–224. In Cooper, J. D., Droser, M., and Finney, S. (eds.), Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium of the Ordovician System, Las Vegas, SEPM, Book 77.Google Scholar
Cañas, E. L. and Carrera, M. G. 1993. Early Ordovician microbial sponge-receptaculitid bioherms of the Precordillera, Western Argentina. Facies, 29:169–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrera, M. 2001. Análisis de la distribución y composición de las biofacies de la Formación San Juan (Ordovícico temprano), Precordillera Argentina. Ameghiniana, 38:169–184.Google Scholar
Cecioni, G. 1953. Contribución al conocimiento de los Nautiloideos-Eopaleozoicos Argentinos. Parte I: Protocycloceratidae-Cyclostomiceratidae. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, 26(2):56–110.Google Scholar
Cecioni, G. 1965. Contribución al conocimiento de los Nautiloideos-Eopaleozoicos Argentinos. Parte II: Robsonoceratidae, Ellesmeroceratidae, Proterocameroceratidae, Baltoceratidae. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, 29(1965-1971):1–24.Google Scholar
Chang, Zhi-dun. 1957. Fossil nautiloid Cephalopoda in the Yangtzeela poloi Zone of the Middle Ordovician of Chanyang, Hupei. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 5:33–61. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Chang, Zhi-dun. 1962. Some species of nautiloids from the Middle Ordovician of the Kuansyan region. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 10:514–523. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Chen, Jun-yuan. 1974. Ordovician Nautiloidea, p. 138–143. In A Handbook of the Stratigraphy and Paleontology in Southwest China, Science Press, Beijing. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Chen, Jun-yuan. 1976. Advances in the Ordovician stratigraphy of North China with a brief description of nautiloid fossils. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 15:55–74. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Chen, Jun-yuan, Liu, Geng-wu, and Chen, Ting-en. 1981. Silurian nautiloid faunas of central and southwestern China. Memoirs of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 13:1–104. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Chen, Jun-yuan and Xi-peng, Zou. 1984. Ordovician cephalopods from the Ordos area, China. Memoirs of the Nanjing Institute, Geology Palaeontology, 20:33–111. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Chen, Ting-en. 1984. The Ordovician cephalopod fauna and the subdivision of Ordovician from southern Xizang (Tibet). Acta Palaeontologica Pinica, 23:452–468. (In Chinese with English abstract)Google Scholar
Chen, Ting-en. 1987. Ordovician nautiloids from Xainza, northern Xizang. Bulletin of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 11:133–191. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Cocks, L. R. M. and Torsvik, T. H. 2004. Major terranes in the Ordovicia, p. 61–67. In Webby, B. D., Paris, F., Droser, M. L., and Percival, I. G. (eds.), The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Columbia University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crick, R. E. 1990. Cambro-Devonian biogeography of nautiloid cephalopods, p. 147–161. In McKerrow, W. S. and Scotese, C. R. (eds.), Palaeozoic palaeogeography and biogeography. The Geological Society, Memoir 12.Google Scholar
Dzik, J. 1982. Origin of the Cephalopoda. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 26:161–191.Google Scholar
Dzik, J. 1984. Phylogeny of the Nautiloidea. Palaeontologia Polonica, 45:3–203.Google Scholar
Edgecombe, G. E., Chatterton, B. D. E., Vaccari, N. E., and Weisfeld, B. G. 1999. Ordovician pliomerid and prosopiscid trilobites from Argentina. Journal of Paleontology, 73:1155–1175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EichwaldE., de E., de. 1860. Lethaea Rossica ou Paléontologie de la Russie. Stuttgart, Schweizerbart, 1654 p.Google Scholar
Engeser, T. 1996. The position of the Ammonoidea within the Cephalopoda, p. 3–23. In Landman, N. H., Tanabe, K., and Davis, R. A. (eds.), Ammonoid Paleobiology. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, D. H. 2005. The Lower and Middle Ordovician cephalopod faunas of England and Wales, of the Palaeontographical Society Monograph, 158, 81 p.Google Scholar
Fanning, C. M., Pankhurst, R., Rapela, C., Baldo, E., Casquet, C., and Galindo, C. 2004. K-bentonites in the Argentine Precordillera contemporaneous with rhyolite volcanism in the Famatinian Arc. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 161:747–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finney, S., Gleason, J., Gehrels, G., Peralta, S., and Aceñolaza, G. 2003a. Early Gondwanan connection for the Argentine Precordillera terrane. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 205:349–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finney, S., Gleason, J., Gehrels, G., Peralta, S., and Vervoort, J. D. 2003b. U/Pb geochronology of detrital zircons from Upper Ordovician Las Vacas, La Cantera, and Empozada formations, NW Argentina, p. 191–196. In Albanesi, G. L., Beresi, M. S., and Peralta, S. H. (eds.), Ordovician from the Andes, INSUGEO, Serie Correlación Geológica, 17.Google Scholar
Flower, R. H. 1942. An Arctic cephalopod faunule from the Cynthiana of Kentucky. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 27(103):1–41.Google Scholar
Flower, R. H. 1946. Ordovician cephalopods from the Cincinnati region, Pt. 1. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 29(116):3–547.Google Scholar
Flower, R. H. 1955. New Chazyan orthocones. Journal of Paleontology, 29:808–830.Google Scholar
Flower, R. H. 1962. I. Revision of Buttsoceras. II. Notes on the Michelinoceratida. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Memoir 10, 40 p.Google Scholar
Flower, R. H. 1964. The nautiloid order Ellesmeroceratida (Cephalopoda). New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Memoir 121, 164 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flower, R. H. and Teichert, C. 1957. The cephalopod order Discosorida. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Mollusca, 6, 144 p.Google Scholar
Foerste, A. F. 1893. Remarks on specific characters in Orthoceras. The American Geologist, 12:232–236.Google Scholar
Foerste, A. F. 1925. Cephalopoda of Lake Timiskaming area and certain related species. Canada Department of Mines, Geological Survey, Memoir, 145:64–93.Google Scholar
Foerste, A. F. 1926. Actinosiphonate, Trochoceroid and other cephalopods. Journal of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, 21:285–383.Google Scholar
Foerste, A. F. 1929. The Ordovician and Silurian of American Arctic and Subarctic regions. Journal of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, 24:27–79.Google Scholar
Foerste, A. F. 1930. The color patterns of fossil cephalopods and brachiopods, with notes on gastropods and pelecypods. University of Michigan Contribution of the Museum of Paleontology, 3(6):109–150.Google Scholar
Foerste, A. F. 1932. Black River and other cephalopods from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario, (Pt. 1). Journal of Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, 27:47–136.Google Scholar
Foord, A. H. 1888. Catalogue of the fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Natural History), Pt. 1. London, British Museum, 344 p.Google Scholar
Fortey, R. A. and Cocks, L. R. M. 2003. Palaeontological evidence on global Ordovician-Silurian continental reconstructions. Earth-Science Reviews, 61:245–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frey, R. C. 1995. Middle and Upper Ordovician cephalopods of the Cincinnati region of Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1066P.P1-P119.Google Scholar
Gnoli, M. 2002. Northern Gondwanan Siluro-Devonian palaeogeography assessed by cephalopods. Palaeontologia Electronica, 5 (2), 19 p. (917MB. http://www-odp.tamu.edu/paleo/2002-2/gondwana/issue2-02.htm)Google Scholar
González, A. F., Otero, J., Guerra, A., Prego, R., Rocha, F. J., and Dale, A. W. 2005. Distribution of common octopus and common squid paralarvae in a wind-driven upwelling area (Ria of Vigo, northwestern Spain). Journal of Plankton Research, 27:271–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrera, Z. A. and Benedetto, J. L. 1991. Early Ordovician brachiopod faunas from the Precordillera basin, western Argentina: Biostratigraphy and paleobiogeographical affinities, p. 283–301. In Mac Kinnon, D. I., Lee, D. E., and Campbell, J. D. (eds.), Brachiopods Through Time, Balkema, Dunedin.Google Scholar
Hisinger, W. 1837. Lethaea Svecica seu Petrificata Svecicae, Iconibus et Characteribus Illustrata. Holmiae, Norderstedt, 124 p.Google Scholar
Holm, G. 1899. Palaeontologiska notiser. Om ett par Bactrites-liknande Untersiluriska Orthocer-former. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 20:354–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hook, S. C. and Flower, R. H. 1977. Late Canadian (Zones J, K) cephalopod faunas from southwestern United States. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Memoir 32, 56 p.Google Scholar
Huang, Baochun, Rixiang, Zhu, Otofuji, Y., and Zhenyu, Yang. 2000. The Early Paleozoic paleogeography of the North China block and other major blocks of China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 45:1057–1065.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huff, W., Bergström, S., Kolata, D., Cingolani, C., and Davis, D. 1995. Middle Ordovician K-bentonites discovered in the Precordillera of Argentina: Geochemical and paleogeographical implications, p. 343–349. In Cooper, J., Droser, M., and Finney, S. (eds.), Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium of the Ordovician System, SEPM, Book 77.Google Scholar
Hünicken, M. and Ortega, G. 1987. Lower Llanvirn-lower Caradoc (Ordovician) conodonts and graptolites from the Argentine Central Precordillera, p. 136–145. In Austin, R. L. (ed.), Conodonts: Investigative Techniques and Applications. Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester.Google Scholar
Hyatt, A. 1884. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Boston Society of Natural History Proceedings, 22:273–338.Google Scholar
Hyatt, A. 1900. Cephalopoda, p. 502–592. In Zittel, K. A. and Eastmann, C. R. (eds.), Textbook of Palaeontology, Volume 1, Macmillan, London.Google Scholar
Kayser, E. 1876. Ueber Primordiale und Untersilurische Fossilien aus der Argentinischeri Republik, p. 1–24. In Stelzner, A. (ed.), Beiträge zur Geologie und Palaeontologie der Argentinischen Republik. II Palaeontologischer Theil. Palaeontographica Supplement III. Verlag von Theodor Fischer, Cassel.Google Scholar
Keller, M. 1994. Argentine Precordillera: Sedimentary and plate tectonic history of a Laurentian crustal fragment in South America. Geological Society of America Special Paper 341, 131 p.Google Scholar
Keller, M. and Flügel, E. 1996. Early Ordovician reefs from Argentina: Stromatoporid vs. stromatolite origin. Facies, 34:177–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, A. 1999. A review of Volchovian and Kundan (Arenig-Llanvirn) nautiloids from Sweden, p. 137–159. In Olóriz, F. and Rodríguez-Tovar, F. J. (eds.), Advancing Research on Living and Fossil Cephalopods. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1927. Ordovician fossils from Korea and South Manchuria. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 5(4):173–212.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1931. Studies on the stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Cambro-Ordovician formation of Hua-lien-chai and Niu-hsin-tai, south Manchuria. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 8:131–173.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1934. The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Chosen. Palaeontology, Pt. I, Middle Ordovician faunas. Journal of the Faculty of Sciences of the Imperial University of Tokyo, Section II, Geology, Mineralogy, Geography, Seismology, 3:329–519.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1935. Suggestions for the natural classification and benthonic adaptation of early uncoiled nautiloids. Proceedings of the Tokyo Imperial Academy, 12:296–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1936. On the Stereoplasmatidae. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 13:229–242.Google Scholar
Kröger, B. 2004. Revision of Middle Ordovician orthoceratacean nautiloids from Baltoscandia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 49:57–74.Google Scholar
Kröger, B. 2006. Early growth stages of Arenigian Baltoscandic Orthocerida (Mollusca, Cephalopoda). Lethaia, 39(2):129–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kröger, B. and Isakar, M. 2006. Revision of annulated orthoceridan cephalopods of the Baltoscandic Ordovician. Fossil Record, Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe, 9:139–165.Google Scholar
Kröger, B. and Mapes, R. H. 2005. Revision of some common Carboniferous genera of North American orthocerid nautiloids. Journal of Paleontology, 79:1002–1011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kröger, B. and Mapes, R. H. 2007. Carboniferous actinoceratoid Nautiloidea (Cephalopoda)—A new perspective. Journal of Paleontology, 81(4):714–724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kröger, B. and Mutvei, H. 2005. Nautiloids with multiple paired muscle scars from Lower-Middle Ordovician of Baltoscandia. Palaeontology, 48:781–791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhn, O. 1940. Paläozoologie in Tabellen. Fischer Verlag, Jena, 50 p.Google Scholar
Lai, Cai-gen. 1960. Nautiloid fossils of Yangtzeella poloi beds from Shensi and Hupei. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 8:251–271. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Landing, E. 1976. Early Ordovician (Arenigian) conodont and graptolite biostratigraphy of the Taconic allochthon, eastern New York. Journal of Paleontology, 50:614–646.Google Scholar
Landing, E. and Ludvigsen, R. 1984. Classification and conodont-based age of the Ordovician trilobite Ellsaspis (middle Arenigian, Ville Guay, Quebec). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 21:1483–1490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehnert, O. 1995. The Tremadoc/Arenig transition in the Argentine Preordillera, p. 145–148. In Cooper, J., Droser, M., and Finney, S. (eds.), Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium of the Ordovician System, SEPM, Book 77.Google Scholar
Li, Jun and Servais, T. 2002. Ordovician acritarchs of China and their utility for global palaeobiogeography. Bulletin Societé Géologique France, 173:399–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindström, M. 1955. Conodonts from the lowermost Ordovician strata of south-central Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 76:517–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCoy, F. 1844. A Synopsis of the Characters of the Carboniferous Limestone Fossils of Ireland. University Press, Dublin, 207 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mutvei, H. 2002. Nautiloid systematics based on siphuncular structure and position of muscle scars. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 57:379–392.Google Scholar
Niocaill, C., van der Pluijm, B. A., and van der Voo, R. 1997. Ordovician paleogeography and the evolution of the Iapetus ocean. Geology, 25:159–162.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ottone, E. G., Albanesi, G. L., Ortega, G., and Holfelrigtz, G. 1999. Palynomorphs, conodonts and associated graptolites from the Ordovician Los Azules Formation, central Precordillera, Argentina. Micropaleontology, 45:225–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pan, Zheng-qin. 1986. Late Early Ordovician cephalopods from Nanjing hills, Jiangsu. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 25:312–325. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Peralta, S. and Beresi, M. S. 1999. A new K-bentonite interval, from early Llanvirn, Villicúm Range, Precordillera Western Argentina. 8th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, Czech Republic, 1999. Acta Univesitatis Carolinae, Geologica, 43:456–459.Google Scholar
Qi, Dun-lun. 1980. Ordovician cephalopods from Wuwei of Anhui and their stratigraphical significance. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 19:245–260. (In Chinese with English abstract)Google Scholar
Remelé, A. 1882. Ueber einige gekrümmte untersilurische Cephalopoden. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 34:16–138.Google Scholar
Ristedt, H. 1968. Zur Revision der Orthoceratidae. Akademie der Wissenschaften und Literatur in Mainz, Abhandlungen der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 1968:211–287.Google Scholar
Rocha, F., Guerra, R. P., and Piatkowski, U. 1999. Cephalopod paralarvae and upwelling conditions off Galician waters (NW Spain). Journal of Plankton Research, 21:21–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saladzhius, V. 1966. Fauna molliuskov siluriisikh otloshenii iushnoi Pribaltiki. Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Baltic and the Byelorussia, 1:31–73. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Sánchez, T., Carrera, M., and Waisfeld, B. 1996. Ordovician faunal turnover in the Argentina Precordillera. Acta Universitatis Caronlinae Geologica, 43:479–481.Google Scholar
Sarmiento, G. N. 1985. La Biozona de Amorphognathus variabilis-Eoplacognathus pseudoplanus (Conodonta), Llanvirniano inferior, en el flanco oriental de la sierra de Villicúm. Primeras Jornadas sobre Geología de la Precordillera, Acta, 1:119–123.Google Scholar
Serpagli, E. 1974. Lower Ordovician conodonts from Precordilleran Argentina (Province of San Juan). Bolletino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 13:17–98.Google Scholar
SchlotheimE. F. Freiherr, von E. F. Freiherr, von. 1820. Die Petrefactenkunde auf Ihrem Jetzigen Standpunkte, Durch die Beschreibung Seiner Sammlung Versteinerter und Fossiler Überreste des Tier- und Planzenreichs der Vorwelt Erläutert. Becker Verlag, Gotha, 437 p.Google Scholar
Shimizu, S. and Obata, T. 1935. On a new Ordovician nautiloid genus Sinoceras. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy Tokyo, 11:324–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimizu, S. and Obata, T. 1936. On some new genera of Ordovician nautiloids from East Asia. The Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute, Section 2, 2:11–25.Google Scholar
Starobogatov, Y. I. 1974. Ksenoknkhii ikh znachenie dlia filogenii i sistemy nekotorykh klassov molliuskov. Paleontologicesky Zhurnal, 1974:3–18. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Stelzner, A. 1885. Beitrage zur Geologie und Paläontologie der Argentinischen Republik. I Geologisher Theil. Palaeontographica. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Vorzeit. Supplement 3, Fischer Verlag, Cassel, 329 p.Google Scholar
Sweeney, M. J. and Roper, C. F. E. 1998. Classification, type localities and type repositories of Recent Cephalopoda. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 586:561–594.Google Scholar
Sweet, W. C. 1958. The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo region of Norway. 10. Nautiloid cephalopods. Norsk Geologiske Tidsskrift, 31:1–178.Google Scholar
Sweet, W. C. 1964. General features, p. K4–K13. In Teichert, C., Kummel, B., Sweet, W. C., Stenzel, H. B., Furnish, W. M., Glenister, B. F., Erben, H. K., Moore, R. C., and Zeller, D. E. N. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. K, Mollusca 3, Cephalopoda. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Boulder, Colorado.Google Scholar
Teichert, C. and Glenister, B. F. 1954. Early Ordovician cephalopod fauna from northwestern Australia. Bulletin of American Paleontology, 35(150), 94 p.Google Scholar
Thomas, W. A. and Astini, R. A. 1996. The Argentine Precordillera: A traveller from the Ouachita embayment of North American Laurentia. Science, 273:752–757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, W. A., and Astini, R. A. 2003. Ordovician accretion of the Argentine Precordillera terrane to Gondwana: A review. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 16:67–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troedsson, G. T. 1931. Studies on Baltic fossil cephalopods. I. On the nautiloid genus Orthoceras. Lund Universitets Arsskrift N. F., Avhandling. 2, 27(16):1–36.Google Scholar
Tychsen, A. and Harper, D. A. T. 2004. Ordovician-Silurian distribution of Orthida (Palaeozoic Brachiopoda) in the greater Iapetus Ocean region. Palaeontologica Electronica 7 (3), 15 p. (706KB; http://palaeo-electronica.org/palaeo/2004_1/orthidaissue1_04.htm)Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O. and Foerste, A. F. 1936. New genera of Ozarkian and Canadian cephalopods. Journal of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, 30:259–290.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O., Foerste, A. F., Miller, A. K., and Unklesbay, A. G. 1944. Ozarkian and Canadian Cephalopods, Pt. Ill, Longicones and summary. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 58, 226 p.Google Scholar
Westermann, G. E. G. 1999. Life habits of nautiloids, p. 263–298. In Savazzi, E. (ed.), Functional Morphology of the Invertebrate Skeleton. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Wilson, A. E. 1961. Cephalopoda of the Ottawa Formation of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 67, 106 p.Google Scholar
Xu, G. and Cai-gen, Lai. 1987. Cephalopods, p. 245–353. In Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorge area, 2. Early Palaezoic Area. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Yang, Zhenyu, Otofuji, Yo-ichiro, Sun, Zhiming, and Huang, Baochun. 2002. Magnetostratigraphic constraints on the Gondwanan origin of North China: Cambrian/Ordovician boundary results. Geophysical Journal International, 151:1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ying, Zhong-e. 1989. Late Early and Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Guichi, Anhui. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 28:617–633. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Zhen, Yong-Yi and Percival, I. G. 2003. Ordovician conodont biogeography reconsidered. Lethaia, 36:357–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhuravleva, F. A. 1957. On the family Pseudorthoceratidae Flower et Caster, 1935. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 116:677–680. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Zhuravleva, F. A. 1964. New Ordovician and Silurian cephalopods from the Siberian platform. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 1964(4):85–100. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Zhuravleva, F. A. 1990. New Palaeozoic cephalopods from Mongolia. Paleontological Journal, 1990(2):37–46.Google Scholar
Zou, Xi-ping. 1987. Ordovician nautiloid faunas of Yuhang and Lin'an, Zhejiang Province. Bulletin of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 12:231–295. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Zou, Xi-ping. 1988. Ordovician nautiloid faunas from Lunshan, Jurong, Jiangsu. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 27:309–330. (In Chinese)Google Scholar