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Japan's Response to the Chinese Revolution of 1911

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

Masaru Ikei
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Extract

The revolution that erupted in China in 1911 came as a shock to Japan. The Japanese had taken advantage of the opportunity created by their victory over Russia in 1905 to annex Korea and extend their influence into China. Their chief aim was to use the Korean peninsula as a base for an advance into Manchuria. Encouraged by various interests acquired through the Treaty of Portsmouth, Japan already had begun to exercise some control in Manchuria.

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Articles
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The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , February 1966 , pp. 213 - 227
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1966

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References

1 Ijūin to Hayashi, October 13, 1911. Japan Foreign Ministry, Nihon Gaikō Bunsho (The Diplomatic Documents of Japan), special Vols. XLIV–XLV, Jiken, Shinkoku (The Chinese Revolution of 1911) (hereafter NGB XLIV-XLV) (Tokyo, 1961), No. 261Google Scholar.

2 Uchida Yasuya Den (Biography of Uchida Yasuya), in Japanese Foreign Ministry, unpublished.

3 Japan Foreign Ministry, Nihon Gaikō Nempyō narabini Shuyō Bunsho (Chronological Table and Main Documents of Japanese Diplomacy) (hereafter NGSB), Vol. I (Tokyo, 1955), 353Google Scholar.

4 Katsumi, Usui, “Nihon to Shingai Kakumei Sono Ichi Sokumen” (A Side-Light on Japan and the Revolution of 1911), Rekishi-gaku Kenkyū (Tokyo), No. 207, 1957.Google Scholar

5 Keiichiro, Hara, Hara Kei Nikki (The Diary of Hara Kei), Vol. IV (Tokyo, 1950), 373Google Scholar.

6 Ibid., p. 373.

7 Ibid., p. 374.

8 NGSB, Vol. I, 356.

9 Hara Keiichiro, Hara Nikki. Vol. IV, 376.

10 Yoshihiro, Hatano, “Shingai Kakumei to Nihon” (The Revolution of 1911 and Japan), Rekishi Kyōiku, Vol. II, No. 2 (1958)Google Scholar.

11 Ibid. See Janscn, Marius B., The Japanese and Sun Yat-sen (Cambridge, 1954), pp. 130–137Google Scholar.

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19 Ijūin to Uchida, November 5, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 429.

20 Grey to Jordan, November 9, 1911, (Public Record Office Documents, London).

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22 Ijūin took such a position toward the emergence of Yuan.

23 Most of the Japanese press expressed such views.

24 Kawashima Naniwa represented this position. See Tsutomu, Aida, Kawashima Naniwa Ō (Tokyo, 1936), p. 114Google Scholar.

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26 Ijūin to Uchida, November 1, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 388, No. 401.

27 NGSB, Vol. I, p. 186.

28 Uchida to Ijūin, November 17, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 299.

29 Ijūin to Uchida, November 18, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 540.

30 Ibid.

31 Ibid.

32 Ijūin to Uchida, November 19, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 548.

33 Ijūin to Uchida, November 27, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 586.

34 Usui Katsumi, “Shingai Kakumei: Nihon no Taiō” (Japan's Response to the Revolution of 1911), in Nihon Gaikō-shi Kenkyū, Taishō-jidai (Studies in Japan's Diplomatic History: The Taishō Era) (Tokyo, 1958), pp. 13–25.

35 Iichiro, Tokutomi, Kōshaku Yamagata Aritomo Den (The Biography of Prince Yamagata Aritomo) (Tokyo, 1933), Vol. III, p. 778Google Scholar; Pooley, A. M., Japan's Foreign Policies (London, 1920), p. 65Google Scholar.

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39 Ijūin to Uchida, November 30, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 611.

40 Ijūin to Uchida, December 3, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 624.

41 Ibid.

42 Uchida to Ijūin, December 4, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 347.

43 Yamaga to Uchida, December 6, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 242.

44 Uchida to Ijūin, December 8, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 361.

45 Ijūin to Uchida, December 11, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 663.

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49 The Japanese Chargé d'Affaires at Washington to the Secretary of State, Washington (undated), in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1912 (Washington, 1919), pp. 56–57.Google Scholar

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51 Reid, John Gilbert, The Manchu Abdication and the Powers, 1908–1912 (Berkeley, 1935), p. 267Google Scholar; and Kuo-kan, Chang, Hsin-hai ko-ming shih-liao (Documents on the Revolution of 1911) (Peking, 1960), p. 291Google Scholar.

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54 Uchida to Yamaza, December 22, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 228.

55 Ijūin to Uchida, December 22, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 720.

56 Ariyoshi to Uchida, December 22, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 436.

57 Hara, op. cit., Vol. IV, pp. 420–421.

58 Uchida to Ijūin, December 23, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 403.

59 Hara Keiichiro, Hara Nikki, Vol. V, p. 10; and Uchida to Ijūin, December 23, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 403.

60 Ijūin to Uchida, December 25 and December 27, 1911, in NGB, Vol. XLIV–XLV, No. 727 and No. 738.

61 Takenouchi Masashi, a member of the House of Representatives, on January 23, 1912. Tokyo Asahi Shimbun, January 24, 1922.

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68 NGSB, Vol. I, pp. 359–361.

69 Die Grosse Politic der Europäishcn Kabinette, 32 band, ss. 257–258; Foreign Relations of the United States, 1912, pp. 63–64.

70 Usui Katsumi, “Shingai Kukumei: Nihon no Taiō,” in Ninon Gaikō-shi Kenhyū, Taishō-jidai, pp. 13–25.

71 Uchida to Motono, March 4, 1912, Japan Foreign Ministry, Nihon Gaikō Bunsho (The Diplomatic Documents of Japan), Vol. XLV, (hereafter NGB XLV) (Tokyo, 1962), No. 39.

72 Katsumi, Usui, “Taishō Shoki no Nicchū Kankei” (Sino-Japanese Relations of early Taishō period), Rekishi Kyoiku, Vol. VII, No. 2 (1959)Google Scholar.

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74 Japanese Minister Motono at Petersburg first approached Sazonoff on January 16 under instruction from Uchida (NGB XLV, No. 6.) Young, C. Walter, Japan's Special Position in Manchuria (Baltimore, 1931), P. 79Google Scholar, states that Russia took the initiative. However, Japanese diplomatic records reveal that Japan made the first approach.

75 NGB, Vol. XLV, No. 1145.

76 NGSB, Vol. I, p. 192, p. 199.

77 NGSB, Vol. I, p. 196.