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Plant Community Response to Integrated Management of Meadow Hawkweed (Hieracium caespitosum) in the Pacific Northwest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

John M. Wallace ,
Timothy S. Prather  and
Linda M. Wilson
John M. Wallace*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Timothy S. Prather
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Linda M. Wilson
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jwallace@uidaho.edu
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Abstract

Meadow hawkweed is an invasive, perennial forb of upland forest openings, mountain meadows, permanent pastures, and abandoned farmlands in the Pacific Northwest. The objective of this study was to measure the plant community response, following meadow hawkweed control using selective herbicides and a single application of N–P–K fertilizer, across three levels of meadow hawkweed infestation in cleared forestlands that had been converted to pasture in northern Idaho. Clopyralid was applied to meadow hawkweed rosettes at a rate of 0.59l kg ae ha−1 (0.528 lb ac−1), and fertilizer (23–5–5, 1% Fe, 14% S) was broadcast following herbicide applications at two rates, 44 and 88 kg N ha−1. Foliar cover of meadow hawkweed, Idaho fescue, and other perennial grasses was measured in microplots at three levels of initial meadow hawkweed cover; < 25%, 40 to 60%, and > 75%. Clopyralid treatments resulted in excellent meadow hawkweed control 3 mo after treatment (MAT). Clopyralid alone appeared to shift the competitive balance in favor of perennial grasses, which increased 7, 44, and 65% above pretreatment levels in LOW, MED, and HIGH hawkweed cover plots, respectively, across fertilizer treatments. Meadow hawkweed cover remained < 5% in clopyralid plots at 52 MAT. Fertilizer effects were confined to interactions between Idaho fescue and other perennial grasses.

Keywords

clopyralidIdaho fescue, Festuca idahoensis Elmermeadow hawkweed, Hieracium caespitosum DumortIntegrated weed managementinvasivepasturemeadow
Type
Research
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , November 2010 , pp. 268 - 275
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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