Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-7drxs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-20T08:49:33.476Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Design of a wearable MIMO antenna deployed with an inverted U-shaped ground stub for diversity performance enhancement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2020

Anupma Gupta Open the ORCID record for Anupma Gupta [Opens in a new window] ,
Ankush Kansal  and
Paras Chawla
Anupma Gupta*
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
Ankush Kansal
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
Paras Chawla
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, India
*
Author for correspondence: Anupma Gupta, E-mail: anupmagupta31@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A compact multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna operating at 2.45 GHz industrial scientific and medical band is presented for wearable devices. Open-end slotting is used to miniaturize the antenna dimensions. Inverted U-shaped ground stub is incorporated to reduce mutual coupling. On-body performance is analyzed on a three-layered equivalent tissue phantom model. The wide bandwidth of 300 MHz and port isolation of 30 dB are obtained from measured results. The antenna shows the efficiency of 40% and directivity of 4.56 dBi when placed at a gap of “s” = 4 mm from the body. Broadside radiation pattern and low specific absorption rate make the antenna suitable for on-body communication. Further, diversity performance is measured in terms of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), and channel capacity loss (CCL). The value of ECC is 0.025, DG is 9.98 dB, and CCL is 0.12 bits/s/Hz at 2.45 GHz. Antenna robustness is examined by bending the structure at different radii along the x-axis and y-axis. Performance of the proposed structure is reliable with structural deformation.

Keywords

MIMOopen-end slottingU-shaped ground stubwearablebroadside radiation
Type
Antenna Design, Modelling and Measurements
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 13 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 76 - 86
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Chen, M, Gonzalez, S, Vasilakos, A, Cao, H and Leung, VC (2011) Body area networks: a survey. Mobile Networks and Applications 16, 171–193.10.1007/s11036-010-0260-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiourti, A and Nikita, KS (2012) A review of implantable patch antennas for biomedical telemetry: challenges and solutions. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 54, 210–227.10.1109/MAP.2012.6293992CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moro, R, Agneessens, S, Rogier, H and Bozzi, M (2018) Circularly-polarised cavity-backed wearable antenna in SIW technology. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 12, 127–131.10.1049/iet-map.2017.0271CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agneessens, S (2017) Coupled eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide antenna: small and wideband with high-body antenna isolation. IEEE Access 6, 1595–1602.10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2779563CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Sehemi, A, Al-Ghamdi, A, Dishovsky, N, Atanasov, N and Atanasova, G (2018) Design and performance analysis of dual-band wearable compact low-profile antenna for body-centric wireless communication. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, 1–11.10.1017/S1759078718001058CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, GP, Hu, B, Wang, SF and Yang, C (2018) Wearable circular ring slot antenna with EBG structure for wireless body area network. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 17, 434–437.10.1109/LAWP.2018.2794061CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alemaryeen, A and Noghanian, S (2017) Crumpling effects and specific absorption rates of flexible AMC integrated antennas. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 12, 627–635.10.1049/iet-map.2017.0652CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lilja, J, Salonen, P, Kaija, T and Maagt, P (2012) Design and manufacturing of robust textile antennas for harsh environments. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, 4130–4140.10.1109/TAP.2012.2207035CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tak, J, Lee, S and Choi, J (2014) All-textile higher order mode circular patch antenna for on-body to on-body communications. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 9, 576–584.10.1049/iet-map.2014.0203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tong, X, Liu, C, Liu, X, Guo, H and Yang, X (2018) Switchable on-/off-body antenna for 2.45 GHz WBAN applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, 967–971.10.1109/TAP.2017.2780984CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, CH, Saito, K, Takahashi, M and Ito, K (2012) A compact planar inverted-F antenna for 2.45 GHz on-body communications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, 4422–4426.10.1109/TAP.2012.2207038CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakib, MN, Moghavvem, M and Mahadi, WN (2017) Design of a tri-band off-body antenna for WBAN communication. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16, 210–213.10.1109/LAWP.2016.2569819CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, B, Gao, GP, He, LL, Cong, XD and Zhao, JN (2017) Bending and on-arm effects on a wearable antenna for 2.45 GHz body area network. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 15, 378–381.10.1109/LAWP.2015.2446512CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, S, Soh, PJ and Vandenbosch, GAE (2015) Dual-band textile MIMO antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 4640–4647.10.1109/TAP.2015.2477094CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biswas, AK and Chakraborty, U (2019) Compact wearable MIMO antenna with improved port isolation for ultra-wideband applications. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 13, 498–504.10.1049/iet-map.2018.5599CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biswas, AK and Chakraborty, U (2019) Investigation on decoupling of wideband wearable multiple-input multiple output antenna elements using microstrip neutralization line. RF and Microwave Computer Aided Engineering e21723, 1–11.Google Scholar
Qu, L, Piao, H, Qu, Y, Kim, H and Kim, H (2018) Circularly polarised MIMO ground radiation antennas for wearable devices. IET Electronics Letters 54, 189–190.10.1049/el.2017.4348CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dingliang, W, Yang, H, Max, OM and Hanyang, WHZ (2018) A compact and low-profile MIMO antenna using a miniature circular high-impedance surface for wearable applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66.1, 96–104.Google Scholar
Chouhan, S, Panda, DK, Khushwah, PK and Mishra, PK (2019) Octagonal-shaped wideband MIMO antenna for human interface device and S-band application. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, 287–296.10.1017/S1759078718001381CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gemio, J, Parron, J and Soler, J (2010) Human body effects on implantable antennas for ISM band applications: models comparison and propagation losses study. Progress in Electromagnetic Research 110, 437–452.10.2528/PIER10102604CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Z, Gao, YM and Du, M (2018) Propagation characteristics of electromagnetic wave on multiple tissue interfaces in wireless deep implant communication. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 12, 2034–2040.10.1049/iet-map.2018.5315CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbasi, MB, Nikolaou, S, Antoniades, M, Stevanovic, MN and Vryonides, P (2017) Compact EBG-backed planar monopole for BAN wearable applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, 453–462.10.1109/TAP.2016.2635588CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duan, Z, Xu, L and Geyi, W (2017) Metal frame repeater antenna with partial slotted ground for bandwidth enhancement of wristband devices. IET Microwave Antennas Propagation 11, 1438–1444.10.1049/iet-map.2016.1000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prasad, KD and Handa, D (2003) Antenna and Wave Propagation, 3rd Edn. New Delhi, India: Satya Parkashan.Google Scholar
Koo, T, Hong, Y, Park, G, Shin, K and Yook, J (2015) Extremely low-profile antenna for attachable bio-sensors. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63, 1537–1544.10.1109/TAP.2015.2394800CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IEEE Std. C95.1 (2005) IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to the radio frequency electromagnetic fields 3 kHz to 300 GHz.Google Scholar