Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T09:44:53.522Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Intimate Partner Homicides: “Passionate Crime” Arguments in the Portuguese Supreme Court of Justice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2021

Cátia Pontedeira Open the ORCID record for Cátia Pontedeira [Opens in a new window] ,
Jorge Quintas Open the ORCID record for Jorge Quintas [Opens in a new window]  and
Sandra Walklate Open the ORCID record for Sandra Walklate [Opens in a new window]
Cátia Pontedeira*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Law of the University of Porto, Portugal and ISMAI – University Institute of Maia, Portugal
Jorge Quintas
Affiliation:
Faculty of Law of the University of Porto, Portugal
Sandra Walklate
Affiliation:
Liverpool University, UK and Monash University, Australia
*
*Corresponding Author: Cátia Pontedeira, Faculty of Law of the University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 223, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. E-mail: catiapontedeira@hotmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Intimate partner homicides are often described as “passionate crimes”. While most sentencing studies focus on the analysis of the impact of specific characteristics of the offender, victim or the crime in sentencing, this study aims to analyse how “passionate crimes” are described in the Portuguese Supreme Court of Justice outcomes. From a qualitative analysis of 24 sentences, it is possible to conclude that passion is often related to jealousy, describing out-of-control offenders, arguments about cold-minded actions versus premeditated actions, and when describing prevention needs involved in sentencing these crimes. The defence often raises arguments minimising the gravity of the homicide due to strong “passion” emotion, but the Supreme Court of Justice has been declining most of them. The fact that most of these crimes are premeditated and actions happen with a “cold mind” also inhibits the “hot-blooded” “passionate” excuse for the crime. Results suggest that the Supreme Court of Justice is increasingly concerned about the necessity of preventing intimate partner homicides given its gravity and social impact.

Abstracto

Abstracto

Los homicidios de pareja íntima a menudo se describen como “crímenes apasionados”. Si bien la mayoría de los estudios sobre sentencias se centran en el análisis del impacto de las características específicas del delincuente, la víctima o el delito en la sentencia, este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar cómo se describen los “crímenes apasionados” en los resultados de la Corte Suprema de Justicia portuguesa. A partir de un análisis cualitativo de veinticuatro sentencias, es posible concluir que la pasión a menudo se relaciona con los celos, describiendo ofensores fuera de control, argumentos sobre acciones de mente fría versus acciones premeditadas, y al describir las necesidades de prevención involucradas en la sentencia de estos delitos. La defensa a menudo plantea argumentos que minimizan la gravedad del homicidio debido a una fuerte emoción de “pasión”, pero la Corte Suprema de Justicia ha estado rechazando la mayoría de ellos. El hecho de que la mayoría de estos crímenes son premeditados y las acciones ocurren con “mente fría” también inhibe la excusa “apasionada” de “sangre caliente” del crimen. Los resultados sugieren que la Corte Suprema de Justicia está cada vez más preocupada por la necesidad de prevenir los homicidios de parejas íntimas dada su gravedad e impacto social.

Abstrait

Abstrait

Les homicides entre partenaires intimes sont souvent décrits comme des «crimes passionnés». Alors que la plupart des études sur la détermination de la peine se concentrent sur l’analyse de l’incidence de caractéristiques spécifiques du délinquant, de la victime ou du crime sur la détermination de la peine; cette étude vise à analyser la manière dont les «crimes passionnés» sont décrits dans les conclusions de la Cour suprême portugaise de justice. À partir d’une analyse qualitative de vingt-quatre sentences, il est possible de conclure que la passion est souvent liée à la jalousie, décrivant des délinquants incontrôlables, des arguments sur les actions d’esprit froid par rapport aux actions préméditées, et lors de la description des besoins de prévention impliqués dans la détermination de la peine de ces crimes. La défense soulève souvent des arguments minimisant la gravité de l’homicide en raison d’une forte émotion «passionnelle», mais la Cour suprême de justice a refusé la plupart d’entre eux. Le fait que la plupart de ces crimes soient prémédités et que les actions se déroulent avec «l’esprit froid» inhibe également l’excuse «passionnée» de «sang chaud» du crime. Les résultats suggèrent que la Cour suprême de justice est de plus en plus préoccupée par la nécessité de prévenir les homicides entre partenaires intimes, compte tenu de sa gravité et de son impact social.

抽象

抽象

亲密伴侣俀人通常被称为“充满激情的罪行”。虽然大多数酿刑研究都侧酿于分朿罪犯，㿗害者或犯罪中特定特弿对酿刑的影呿；这项研究旨在分朿葡濄牙最高法院结果中对“充满激情的犯罪”的使述。通过对二㽿四个㿥嫿的定性分朿，㿯以得出这样的结论：激情常常与嫉妒有关，使述失控者，关于冷漠行为与有预谋行为的论点，以㿊使述酿刑时涉㿊的预防需褿。由于强烈的“激情”情绪，辩护方繿常使出将谋俀的严酿性闿至最低的论点，但最高法院一直拒繿了其中的大多数。这些犯罪大多数都是有预谋的，并且采㿖“冷漠”徿度行事的事实，也抑制了犯罪的“热血”，“热情”借㿣。结果表明，鉴于其严酿性和社会影呿，最高法院越俥越关注防止亲密伴侣俀人案的必褿性。

ملخّص

ملخّص

غالبا ما توصف جرائم قتل الشريك الحميم بأنها جرائم عاطفية. بينما تركز معظم دراسات الأحكام على تحليل تأثير خصائصمعينة للجاني أو الضحية أو الجريمة في إصدار الأحكام؛ تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل كيفية وصف الجرائم العاطفية في الأحكام النهائية لمحكمة العدل العليا في البرتغال. فمن خلال التحليل النوعي لأربعة وعشرين حكما، من الممكن الاستنتاج أن العاطفية (الشغف العاطفي) غالبا ما تكون مرتبطة بالغيرة ووصف الجناة بأنهم خارج نطاق السيطرة. تدور الحجج التي تسوقها المحكمة حول الأفعال المرتكبة في خضم العاطفية مقابل الأفعال المتعمدة التي يتم تنفيذها بعقل بارد. كما تتم الإشارة إلى الغيرة في إصدار الأحكام على هذه الجرائم عند معالجة كيفية ردع ارتكابها. غالبا ما يثير الدفاع حججا تخفف من عقوبة جريمة القتل الناتجة عن الإحساس ب"الشغف العاطفي. لكن محكمة العدل العليا رفضت معظمها. وحقيقة أن معظم هذه الجرائم متعمدة وأن الأفعال ترتكب بعقل بارد تحول أيضا دون اعتبار الطبع الحاد أو العاطفية مبررا للجريمة. تشير النتائج إلى أن محكمة العدل العليا تشعر بقلق متزايد بشأن ضرورة منع جرائم قتل الشريك الحميم نظرا لخطورتها وتأثيرها الاجتماعي.

Keywords

intimate partner homicidesSupreme Court of Portugalpassionate crimespremeditationhomicidios entre parejas íntimasTribunal Supremo de Portugalcrímenes apasionadospremeditaciónhomicides entre partenaires intimesCour suprême portugaisecrimes passionnéspremeditation亲密伴侣俀人案葡濄牙最高法院充满激情的罪行热情的借㿣预谋。جرائم قتل الشريك الحميم؛ المحكمة العليا ي البرتغال؛ جرائم عاط ية؛ تبرير عاط ي؛ عمدّا
Type
Article
Information
International Annals of Criminology , Volume 58 , Issue 2 , November 2020 , pp. 193 - 216
Copyright
© International Society of Criminology 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS). 2013. Femicide: A Global Issue That Demands, 2nd ed., edited by Laurent, Claire, Platzer, Michael, and Idomir, Maria. Vienna: ACUNS.Google Scholar
Auerhahn, Kathleen. 2007a. “Adjudication Outcomes in Intimate and Non-Intimate Homicides.” Homicide Studies 11(3):213–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auerhahn, Kathleen. 2007b. “Just Another Crime? Examining Disparity in Homicide Sentencing.” Sociological Quarterly 48(2):277–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branco, Alzelico Seide and Roberto Krieger, Jorge. 2013. “A Emoção e o Crime: Quando a Paixão Mata.” Revista Eletrônica de Iniciação Científica, Itajaí, Centro de Ciências Sociais e Jurídicas Da UNIVALI 4(4):50–68.Google Scholar
Bridger, Eamonn, Strang, Heather, Parkinson, John, and Sherman, Lawrence W.. 2017. “Intimate Partner Homicide in England and Wales 2011–2013: Pathways to Prediction from Multi-Agency Domestic Homicide Reviews.” Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing 1:93–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, Jacquelyn C., Nancy, Glass, Sharps, Phyllis W., Kathryn, Laughon, and Bloom, Tina. 2007. “Intimate Partner Homicide: Review and Implications of Research and Policy.” Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 8(3):246–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
da Agra, Cândido, Quintas, Jorge, Sousa, Pedro, and Lamas Leite, André. 2015. Homicídios Conjugais: Estudo Avaliativo Das Decisões Judiciais. Coleção estudos de género no. 11. Lisbon: CIG (Comissão para a Cidadania e Igualdade de Género.Google Scholar
Dawson, Myrna. 2006. “Intimacy and Violence: Exploring the Role of Victim-Defendant Relationship in Criminal Law.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 96(4):1417–49.Google Scholar
Dawson, Myrna. 2012. “Intimacy, Homicide, and Punishment: Examining Court Outcomes Over Three Decades.” Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 45(3):400–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, Myrna. 2016a. “Punishing Femicide: Criminal Justice Responses to the Killing of Women Over Four Decades.” Current Sociology 64(7):996–1016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, Myrna. 2016b. “Representing Intimacy, Gender and Homicide: The Validity and Utility of Common Stereotypes.” Pp. 53–77 in Homicide, Gender and Responsibility, edited by Fitz-Gibbon, Kate and Walklate, Sandra. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Dawson, Myrna and Sutton, Danielle. 2017. “Similar Sentences, Similar Crimes? Using Deep Sample Analysis to Examine the Comparability of Homicides and Punishments by Victim–Offender Relationship.” International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 49:58–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dias, Jorge de Figueiredo. 1987. Homicídio Qualificado: Premeditação, Imputabilidade e Emoção Violenta – Parecer Do Professor Doutor Figueiredo Dias. Coimbra: Coimbra Editora.Google Scholar
Dias, Jorge de Figueiredo. 2013. Direito Penal Português – Parte Geral – Volume II: As Consequências Jurídicas Do Crimes. Coimbra: Coimbra Editora.Google Scholar
Dobash, R. Emerson, Dobash, Russell P., and Cavanagh, Kate. 2009. “‘Out of the Blue’: Men Who Murder an Intimate Partner.” Feminist Criminology 4(3):194–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobash, R. Emerson, Dobash, Russell P., Cavanagh, Kate, and Medina-Ariza, Juanjo. 2007. “Lethal and Nonlethal Violence Against an Intimate Female Partner: Comparing Male Murderers to Nonlethal Abusers.” Violence Against Women 13(4):329–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dreher, Simone and Angonese, Amanda S.. 2014. “Sentimentos Motivadores Do Homicídio Passional.” Revista Psicologia Em Foco 6(8):59–77.Google Scholar
Dressler, Joshua. 1982. “Rethinking Heat of Passion: A Defense in Search of a Rationale.” Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 73(2):421–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE). 2017. Terminology and Indicators for Data Collection: Rape, Femicide and Intimate Partner Violence. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.Google Scholar
Fermino, Chrystiane. 2012. “A Situação Jurídica Das Mulheres Em Portugal No Pré e Pós 25 de Abril, Em Especial No Âmbito Das Relações Familiares.” In 14. o Curso de Pós-Graduação Em Direitos Humanos Ius Gentium Conimbrigae. Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra. Retrieved December, 2020 (https://www.igc.fd.uc.pt/data/fileBIB2017823122737.pdf).Google Scholar
Fitz-Gibbon, Kate, Walklate, Sandra, McCulloch, Jude, and Maher, JaneMaree. 2018. “Introduction: Intimate Partner Violence, Risk and Security – Securing Women’s Lives in a Global World.” Pp. 1–15 in Intimate Partner Violence, Risk and Security: Securing Women’s Lives in a Global World, edited by Fitz-Gibbon, Kate, Walklate, Sandra, McCulloch, Jude, and Maher, JaneMaree. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Grant, Isabel. 2010. “Intimate Femicide: A Study of Sentencing Trends for Men Who Kill Their Intimate Partners.” Alberta Law Review 47(3):779–882.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Brian D., Sigrid Van, Wingerden, and Nieuwbeerta, Paul. 2010. “Sentencing Homicide Offenders in the Netherlands: Offender, Victim, and Situational Influences in Criminal Punishment.” Criminology 48(4):981–1018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlsson, Linda C., Tuulia, Malén, Kaakinen, Johanna K., and Antfolk, Jan. 2018. “The Effect of Sex and Perpetrator–Victim Relationship on Perceptions of Domestic Homicide.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence, doi: 10.1177/0886260518775162 (published online ahead of print May 1, 2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miethe, Terance D. 2006. “Stereotypical Conceptions and Criminal Processing: The Case of the Victim–Offender Relationship.” Justice Quarterly 4(4):571–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neves, João Curado. 2008. A Problemática Da Culpa Nos Crimes Passionais. Coimbra: Coimbra Editora.Google Scholar
Observatório de Mulheres Assassinadas da UMAR (OMA-UMAR). 2019. “Observatório Mulheres Assassinadas: Dados 2018.” Lisboa. Retrieved November 28, 2020 (http://www.umarfeminismos.org/index.php/observatorio-de-mulheres-assassinadas/dados-2018).Google Scholar
Pais, Elza. 2010. Homicídio Conjugal Em Portugal. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda (INCM).Google Scholar
Santos, Manuel Simas and Leal-Henriques, Manuel. 2016. Código Penal Anotado: Art. 131.o Ao 235.o, Vol. III. Venda do Pinheiro: Rei dos Livros.Google Scholar
Serra, Teresa. 2000. Homicídio Qualificado – Tipo de Culpa e Medida Da Pena. Coimbra: Almedina.Google Scholar
Sistema De Segurança Interna (SSI). 2019. Relatório Anual de Segurança Interna 2018. Lisbon: SSI.Google Scholar
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). 2018. “Global Study on Homicide: Gender-Related Killing of Women and Girls.” Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Retrieved November 28, 2020 (https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/GSH2018/GSH18_Gender-related_killing_of_women_and_girls.pdf).Google Scholar
Vienna Declaration on Femicide. 2012. Vienna Declaration on Femicide. Vienna: United Nations Office at Vienna.Google Scholar
Wilson, Heather. 2005. “Gender Differences in Characteristics of Intimate Partner Homicide Offenders.” University of Central Florida, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004–2019, 517. Retrieved November 28, 2020 (https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/517).Google Scholar