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El uso comunicativo del señalamiento en el autismo: perfil evolutivo y factores relacionados con el cambio

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

L. Camaioni ,
P. Perucchini ,
F. Muratori ,
B. Parrini  and
A. Cesari
L. Camaioni
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva, Universidad de Roma La Sapienza, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185Roma, Italia
P. Perucchini
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias Educativas, Universidad de Roma Tres, Roma, Italia
F. Muratori
Affiliation:
Instituto Científico Stella Maris, Universidad de Pisa, Pisa, Italia
B. Parrini
Affiliation:
Instituto Científico Stella Maris, Universidad de Pisa, Pisa, Italia
A. Cesari
Affiliation:
Instituto Científico Stella Maris, Universidad de Pisa, Pisa, Italia
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Resumen

Propósito

Describir perfiles longitudinales diferentes en las capacidades comunicativas y la gravedad de los síntomas en el autismo temprano.

Métodos

Se examinó a cinco niños con autismo de 3;3-4;10 años de edad en la línea de base en cuanto a la producción y la comprensión del señalamiento imperativo y declarativo en intervalos de unos 4 meses. Concurrentemente con estas sesiones, se evaluó a los niños desde el punto de vista de las capacidades cognitivas y comunicativas y la gravedad de los síntomas.

Resultados

Cuatro sujetos mostraron un retraso de leve a importante en las capacidades comunicativas y lingüísticas. En cuanto a la producción, todos los niños mostraron el señalamiento imperativo y sólo uno el declarativo. En cuanto a la comprensión, dos sujetos mostraron el mismo perfil que en la producción ("sólo imperativo" y "primero imperativo-después declarativo", respectivamente). Un niño no mostró una comprensión clara de los gestos de señalamiento producidos por el experimentador y un niño pudo comprender ambos señalamientos en la misma sesión. Las puntuaciones globales de la Escala de Evaluación del Autismo Infantil (CARS) tendían a disminuir a través de las sesiones para todos los sujetos y se identificaron perfiles individuales diferentes.

Dis-cusión

El señalamiento declarativo o de compartir experiencias surgió después sólo en un niño; estuvo ausente en cuatro niños como producción y en dos niños como comprensión. Una conclusión preliminar basada en la puntuación de la CARS es que el autismo implica síntomas que pueden disminuir a través del tiempo incluso si los niños difieren en el perfil decreciente relativo a puntuaciones específicas.

Keywords

autismoseñalamientoCARS
Type
Artículo Original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 10 , Issue 6 , September 2003 , pp. 368 - 376
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2003

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