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Stationary and ambulatory attention patterns are differentially associated with early temperamental risk for socioemotional problems: Preliminary evidence from a multimodal eye-tracking investigation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2019

Xiaoxue Fu ,
Eric E. Nelson ,
Marcela Borge ,
Kristin A. Buss  and
Koraly Pérez-Edgar
Xiaoxue Fu*
Affiliation:
Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Eric E. Nelson
Affiliation:
Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Marcela Borge
Affiliation:
Department of Learning and Performance Systems, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Kristin A. Buss
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Koraly Pérez-Edgar
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Xiaoxue Fu, Center for Biobehavioral Health, Faculty Office Building 3 FB3244, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus OH 43205; E-mail: xiaoxue.fu@nationwidechildrens.org.
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Abstract

Behavioral Inhibition (BI) is a temperament type that predicts social withdrawal in childhood and anxiety disorders later in life. However, not all BI children develop anxiety. Attention bias (AB) may enhance the vulnerability for anxiety in BI children, and interfere with their development of effective emotion regulation. In order to fully probe attention patterns, we used traditional measures of reaction time (RT), stationary eye-tracking, and recently emerging mobile eye-tracking measures of attention in a sample of 5- to 7-year-olds characterized as BI (N = 23) or non-BI (N = 58) using parent reports. There were no BI-related differences in RT or stationary eye-tracking indices of AB in a dot-probe task. However, findings in a subsample from whom eye-tracking data were collected during a live social interaction indicated that BI children (N = 12) directed fewer gaze shifts to the stranger than non-BI children (N = 25). Moreover, the frequency of gazes toward the stranger was positively associated with stationary AB only in BI, but not in non-BI, children. Hence, BI was characterized by a consistent pattern of attention across stationary and ambulatory measures. We demonstrate the utility of mobile eye-tracking as an effective tool to extend the assessment of attention and regulation to social interactive contexts.

Keywords

attention biasbehavioral inhibitiondot-probe taskeye-trackingmobile eye-tracking
Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 31 , Special Issue 3: Emotion Dysregulation and Emerging Psychopathology , August 2019 , pp. 971 - 988
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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