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Lord Halifax and Monasticism in the Church of England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2009

Rene Kollar
Rene Kollar
Affiliation:
Mr. Kollar is assistant professor of history in Saint Vincent College and adjunct professor of church history in Saint Vincent Seminary, Latrobe, Pennsylvania.
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Extract

Lord Halifax is primarily remembered for his dedication to ecumenism. Negotiations with the Vatican concerning the validity of Anglican orders and the pioneering conversations with Cardinal Mercier are examples of his efforts to bring unity and peace to Christendom. Believing that certain practices, devotions, and customs were the inheritance of all Christians, he sought to introduce into the Church of England some of those common elements. One, absent since the sixteenth century, was Benedictine monasticism. Not only did the Anglican church have the right to claim monastic life as part of its tradition, he insisted, but Benedictine life in the Church of England might invigorate a structure many believed was static.

Type
Research Article
Information
Church History , Volume 53 , Issue 2 , June 1984 , pp. 218 - 230
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Church History 1984

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References

1. Dictionary of National Biography, s.v. “Wood, Sir Charles Lindley”; Bolton, Anselm, A Catholic Memoir of Lord Halifax and Cardinal Mercier (London, 1935);Google ScholarLockhart, J. G., Charles Viscount Halifax (London, 1936), p. 192;Google ScholarDark, Sidney, Lord Halifax (Oxford, 1934), p. 10.Google Scholar

2. The English Churchman and St. James Chronicle, 30 August 1906.

3. Lockhart, , Charles Viscount Halifax, p. 93.Google Scholar

4. For a history of the English Church Union see Roberts, George, The History of the English Church Union, 1859–1894 (London, 1895);Google Scholar and idem, Rules of the English Church Union (London, 1860). The English Church Union was the result of the amalgamation of numerous church unions and church protection societies in 1860. It championed the Anglo-Catholic position within the Anglican church. Among other things, it campaigned for catholic liturgies, rapprochement between Rome and Canterbury, and the recognition of the validity of Anglican Orders by the Vatican.

5. Dictionary of National Biography, s.v.

6. The Church Times (London), 17 August 1906.

7. Lockhart, pp. 203–204.

8. For biographies of Aelred Carlyle see Anson, Peter, Abbot Extraordinary (New York, 1958);Google Scholaridem, Benedictines of Caldey (Gloucester, 1944); and Kollar, Rene, “Abbot Aelred Carlyle and the Monks of Caldey Island: Anglo-Catholicism in the Church of England” (Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, 1981).Google Scholar

9. “Caldey Abbey Journal,” 1 April 1901, Carlyle Papers, Prinknash Abbey Archives, Gloucester.

10. Carlyle to Halifax, 18 December 1901, Halifax Papers, The Borthwick Institute of Historical Research, York.

11. Carlyle to Halifax, 20 January 1902, Halifax Papers; Carlyle to Kelly, 5 February 1902, Kelly Papers, Society of the Sacred Mission Archives, Willen, Milton Keynes.

12. Shepherd to Carlyle, 18 February 1902, Carlyle Papers.

13. A Benedictine Revival in the Church of England (Mildenhall, 1903), pp. 23–25.Google Scholar

14. Halifax to Carlyle, 7 February 1912, Halifax Papers; The Church Times, 17 August 1906.

15. Halifax to Carlyle, 25 May 1902, Carlyle Papers.

16. Quoted in A Benedictine Revival, p. 7.

17. Ibid. The original document from Archbishop Frederick Temple is either misplaced or lost. Reproductions appeared in A Benedictine Revival, p. 21, and “Notes on the History of the Community,” Pax, March 1905, p. 81.Google Scholar

18. Halifax to Stanmore, October 1903, Halifax Papers.

19. “Caldey Abbey Journal,” 15 August 1902.

20. Halifax to Hill, 31 October 1903, Halifax Papers.

21. This ordination took place with the written permission of Archbishop Maclagan.

22. Halifax to Hill, 31 October 1903, Halifax Papers.

23. Halifax to Carlyle, 13 January 1904, Halifax Papers.

24. Church Union Gazette, December 1903; “A Revival of Benedictine Life,” The Guildsman, November 1902, p. 161; “The Benedictine Revival in the Church of England,” The Guildsman, March 1906, p. 33.

25. The English Churchman and St. James Chronicle, 15 October 1903; The Record, 23 October 1903; Church Association Annual Report, 1903; Playing at Monks: A Day at Painsthorpe Priory (London, 1904).Google Scholar

26. John Kensit (1853–1902) was the leader of the extreme element of the Protestant party. In 1898 he organized the “Wickliffite” itinerate preachers to denounce ritualism. See Dictionary of National Biography, s.v. “Kensit, John”; and Wilcox, J. C., John Kensit: Reformer and Martyr (London, 1902).Google Scholar

27. Yorkshire Herald (York), 21 June 1904; Lockhart, p. 135; The Tablet (London), 6 August 1904;Google ScholarThe Church Times, 22 July 1904.

28. Carlyle to Halifax, 17 April 1906, Halifax Papers; Halifax to Carlyle, 26 July 1906, Carlyle Papers.

29. The Church Times, 17 August 1906.

30. Carlyle to Halifax, 22 October 1906, Halifax Papers.

31. Halifax to Edward, 20 July 1908; Halifax to Agnes, 20 July 1908; Halifax to Riley, October 1908, Halifax Papers.

32. “Book of Benefactors,” Prinknash Abbey Archives.

33. Brother Aidan to Wilfred Upson, 2 April 1911, Carlyle Papers.

34. Halifax to Carlyle, June 1911, Halifax Papers.

35. Ibid.

36. Carlyle to Halifax, June 1911; Carlyle to Halifax, 24 July 1911, Halifax Papers.

37. “A Conference of the Clergy and Laity at Hickleton, August 1911,” Riley Papers, Lambeth Palace Library, London.

38. “Notes of Hickleton Conference,” printed in Anson, Benedictines of Caldey, pp. 136–141.

39. Halifax to Carlyle, 9 February 1912; Carlyle to Halifax, 2 February 1912; Halifax to Carlyle, 7 February 1912,9 February 1912, 14 February 1912, Halifax Papers.

40. Halifax to Davidson, 29 February 1912, Halifax Papers; Halifax to Carlyle, 14 February 1913, printed in Lockhart, p.211.

41. Davidson to Carlyle, 20 May 1912, Carlyle Papers.

42. Langford-James to Halifax, 18 February 1912, Halifax Papers; Puller to Halifax, 12 March 1912, Halifax Papers.

43. Halifax, to Gore, , 15 02 1913, printed in Lockhart, p. 211.Google Scholar

44. Bishop Gore demanded the following changes: the property of Caldey must be legally secured to the Church of England; the Book of Common Prayer must be used exclusively; the doctrines of the Immaculate Conception and Assumption must be abandoned; and Benediction, Reservation of the Blessed Sacrament, and exposition of relics must be curtailed. Gore to Carlyle, 8 February 1913, Carlyle Papers.

45. Halifax to Darwell Stone, 24 February 1913, 22 February 1913, Stone Papers, Pusey House Library, Oxford.

46. The Church Times, 7 March 1913.

47. Halifax, , “Caldey Enquiry,” 07 1913,Google Scholar Halifax Papers. The membership of the committee included Lord Halifax, Lord Balfour of Burleigh, the Duke of Norfolk, the Roman Catholic bishop of Menevia, Francis Mostyn, and Athelstan Riley.