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Soyabean fortification and enrichment of regular and quality protein maize tortillas affects brain development and maze performance of rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Carlos Amaya-Guerra ,
Sergio O. Serna Saldívar  and
Maria Guadalupe Alanis-Guzman
Carlos Amaya-Guerra
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av, Pedro de Alba s/n, Cd., Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
Sergio O. Serna Saldívar*
Affiliation:
2Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, ITESM-Campus Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
Maria Guadalupe Alanis-Guzman
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av, Pedro de Alba s/n, Cd., Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
*
*Corresponding author: Professor Sergio O. Serna Saldívar, fax +52 81 83284136, email sserna@itesm.mx
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Abstract

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The brain development and performance of rats fed throughout two generations with an indigenous maize tortilla-based diet was studied. The experiment compared casein control with five different diets produced from: regular fresh masa; regular, enriched dry masa flour containing thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, Fe and Zn (REDMF); dry masa flour fortified with 60g/kg defatted soyabean meal and enriched (FEDMF); enriched quality protein maize (QPM) flour (EQPM); QPM flour fortified with 30g/kg defatted soyabean meal and enriched (FEQPM). In both generations, brain and cerebellum weights and myelin concentration were significantly higher (p<0·05) in rats fed the FEDMF and FEQPM diets. There was no significant difference (p>0·05) in brain DNA in first-generation rats; however, second-generation rats fed FEDMF, EQPM and FEQPM tortillas had higher cerebral DNA, neuron size and brain activity as estimated by the RNA:DNA ratio. Short-term and long-term memory performance in the Morris maze improved (p<0·05) among rats fed the FEDMF, FEQPM and EQPM diets. Second-generation rats fed the FEDMF and FEQPM diets had a superior (p<0·05) working memory and learning performance. The utilisation of regular or QPM tortillas enriched with selected micronutrients and fortified with soyabean is highly recommended to assure adequate brain development. The high lysine–tryptophan QPM made it possible to save half of the soyabean flour without sacrificing the nutritional value of soyabean-fortified tortillas.

Keywords

Maize tortillasBrain developmentQuality protein maizeSoyabean mealEnrichment and fortificationMorris maze
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 96 , Issue 1 , January 2006 , pp. 161 - 168
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2006

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