Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T13:17:51.073Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Haltwhistle Burn, Corstopitum and the Antonine Wall: A Reconsideration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2011

Abstract

Several publications give the impression that Roman coarse pottery in the north is closely datable. But Hadrian's Wall and northern forts and the Antonine Wall are dated by historical records, inscriptions and structural periods, and not by any potsherds found in their strata: it is the periods which give their context to the potsherds. The history of this old error is reviewed in two parts: (i) the misuse, since 1930, of Gerald Simpson's work at Haltwhistle Burn fortlet; (ii) the misuse, since 1934, of the evidence for dating the great Corbridge Storehouse and the consequent misdating of Antonine pottery at Corstopitum and Mumrills.

Type
Articles
Information
Britannia , Volume 5 , November 1974 , pp. 317 - 339
Copyright
Copyright © Grace Simpson 1974. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Gillam, J. P., AA 4 xxxi (1953), 232.Google Scholar

2 Gillam, J. P., ‘Sources of Pottery Found on Northern Military Sites’, in Current Research in Romano-British Coarse Pottery, Council for British Archaeology (London, 1973), 54–5Google Scholar.

3 Richmond, I. A., ‘The Rise and Progress of Archaeology in Northumbria’, Durham Univ. Journ. 32 (1940), 57–8.Google Scholar

4 Gibson, and Simpson, , AA 3 v (1909), 213–85.Google Scholar

5 Simpson, F. G., CW 2 xiii (1913), 297397.Google Scholar

6 Haverfield, F. and Atkinson, D., CW 2 xvii (1916-1917), 235–50Google Scholar. Atkinson, the student of sigillata, concluded ‘the coarse pottery … is not, and indeed is never likely to be, sufficiently accurate to make evidence drawn from it of value in a question involving so short a period’ [as a decade].

7 Collingwood, An Autobiography, chapters 4 and 5.

8 Bruce, , The Roman Wall 1 (1851), 252.Google Scholar

9 Gibson and Simpson, op. cit. (note 4), 277.

10 R. G. Collingwood and J. N. L. Myres. Roman Britain and the English Settlements (1936), 126.

11 The Centenary Pilgrimage of Hadrian's Wall (1949), 60.

12 PSAS (1949-50), 7-11, 25-6.

13 E. Birley, Research on Hadrian's Wall (1961), 144, 146.

14 Birley, E. in Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms (Köln 1967), 614.Google Scholar

15 JRS xl (1950), 55 and fig. 2.Google Scholar

16 Collingwood and Richmond, The Archaeology of Roman Britain (1969), 75.

17 Divine, D., The North-West Frontier of Rome, A Military Study of Hadrian's Wall (London, 1969), 162.Google Scholar

18 Frere, S. S., Britannia, A History of Roman Britain (London, 1967), 123Google Scholar. See also Hartley, B. R. in Northern History i (Leeds, 1966), 1415.Google Scholar

19 The Archaeology of Roman Britain (1930), 232, type 61, referring to Throp pl. 26, 8. and Haltwhistle Burn pi. v. 12.

20 Thompson, F. H., Antiq. Journ. xxxviii (1958), 1551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Limestone Corner, Milecastle 30, should be added to the distribution list for rustic ware compiled by Mr. Thompson, see Newbold, , AA 3 ix (1913), 67.Google Scholar

21 For such rim-sections at Throp, pl. 26, 9-12, and at Haltwhistle Burn, pl. v. 14-17, 20.

22 Brassington, M., ‘A Trajanic Kiln Complex near Little Chester, Derby, 1968’, Antiq. journ. li (1971). 3669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

23 AA 4 xxxv (1957), 180251Google Scholar, re-issued 1968, 1970.

24 Op. cit. (note 2), 54-5.

25 Simpson, , CW 2 xiii (1913), 385Google Scholar, pl. 28 and fig. 40. Fig. 40 is also illustrated by J. A. Stanfield and Grace Simpson in Central Gaulish Potters (1958), pl. 39, 454. This is the style of Potter P-10, as defined by G. B. Rogers in a forthcoming supplement to Gallia, No. xxviii. For another sherd in the style of P-10 see Stanfield and Simpson, pl. 39, 456. These are the only examples of the style known in Britain: both are in Trajanic contexts and come from Stanegate forts, Corbridge and Nether Denton.

26 J. R. Terrisse, ‘Céramiques Sigillées gallo-romaines des Martres-de-Veyre (Puy-de-Dôme)’, Supplement xix à Gallia, 1968.

27 Simpson, Grace, Britons and the Roman Army (London, 1964), 62–3.Google Scholar

28 CW 2 xxxiv (1934), 152–4.Google Scholar

29 Ibid., 154-5.

30 CW 2 xxxvi (1936), 172–82.Google Scholar

31 Birley, op. cit. (note 13) fig. 2.

32 The Archaeology of Roman Britain (2nd ed., 1969), 75.

33 Hogg, R., CW 1 lxv (1965), 161–8.Google Scholar

34 Manning, W. H., CW 2 lxvi (1966), 136Google Scholar. The information about the location of the iron is incorrect in this report. Mr. Hogg informs me that it was in a pit, an analogy being the Inchtuthil nail deposit.

35 Gillam, op. cit. (note 2), 59.

36 CW 2 xi (1911), 460.Google Scholar

37 JRS xiii (1923), 6981.Google Scholar

39 AA 4 xvi (1939), 240–3.Google Scholar

40 CW 2 xxx (1930), 198202Google Scholar; RIB 1909, and see RIB 1337 from Benwell.

40 The Archaeology of Roman Britain (1930), 85.

41 AA 4 vii (1930), 164–9.Google Scholar

42 CW 2 xiii (1913), 321–2.Google Scholar

43 AA 4 1 (1972), ‘Virius Lupus’, 179-89Google Scholar.

44 Frere, op. cit. (note 18), 173-6.

45 Hartley, in Northern History i (1966), 720CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hartley in Soldier and Civilian in Roman Yorkshire (1971), 55-69.

46 Britannia iv (1973), 276.Google Scholar

47 AA i (1973), 82.Google Scholar

48 Stanfield and Simpson, op. cit. (note 25), 217.

49 Simpson, and Rogers, , Gallia xxvii (1969), 11Google Scholar; AA 4 xlix (1971), 112, n.9.Google Scholar

50 Sir Macdonald, G., ‘The dating value of samian ware’, JRS xxv (1935), 192.Google Scholar

51 AA 3 v (1909), 325–42Google Scholar; vii (1911), 145-65; viii (1912), 161-5.

52 AA 3 vii (1911), 165.Google Scholar

53 AA 4 xxxvii (1959), 19.Google Scholar

54 AA 4 xv (1938), 252, fig. 3Google Scholar; and compare his p. 264 with AA 3 viii (1912), 165Google Scholar, re-paged as 29.

55 1911 Report, with comments by H. H. E. Craster on the coins.

56 AA 4 xlix (1971), 12.Google Scholar

57 AA 4 xxxvii (1959), 2031Google Scholar. It should be noted that on p. 17 Birley suggested that the extra-solid foundations at the two northern corners were for a projected basilica, but it is much more likely that they were necessary because of the made-up ground.

58 AA 3 xi (1914), 297.Google Scholar

59 Op. cit. (note 56), 22.

60 AA 3 vii (1911), 162–3Google Scholar, referring to v (1909), 338-42; AA 4 xxx (1952), 243–51.Google Scholar

61 Obituary in AA 4 xxi (1943), 248–53.Google Scholar

62 Woolley, C. L., Spadework: Adventures in Archaeology (London, 1953), chapter I.Google Scholar

63 AA 3 iii (1907), p. xivGoogle Scholar, concerning the section on Corbridge for the Northumberland County History.

64 Proc. Soc. Antiq. London xxxiii (1911), 477–8.Google Scholar

65 AA 3 vii (1911), 149Google Scholar, fig. 3.

66 Bulmer, W., AA 4 xxi (1943), 239–47Google Scholar, correcting AA 4 xv (1938), 285Google Scholar; RIB 1149.

67 AA 4 xxi (1943), 127224Google Scholar, ‘Roman Legionaries at Corbridge, their Supply-Base, Temples and Religious Cults’.

68 Proc. Soc. Antiq. London xxiv, 272; AA 3 viii (1912), 210–34Google Scholar, pls. xiii-xx; for a reconsideration of the Rudchester and South Shields gold hoards see Corbitt, J. H., AA 4 xxxviii (1960), 114–17Google Scholar.

69 Sutherland, C. H. V., Coinage and Currency in Roman Britain (Oxford, 1937), 29.Google Scholar

70 Eggers, H. J., ‘Römische Bronzegefässe in Britannien’, Jahrb. des Röm.-Germ. Zentralmuseums, Mainz, 13 (1966), no, Abb. 63, 88.Google Scholar

71 Holwerda, J. H., Oudheidkundige Mededeelingen van het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden, xii (1931), Supplement, 2748, fig. 18b.Google Scholar

72 Eggers, , Der römische Import im freien Germanien (Hamburg, 1951).Google Scholar

73 Maria H. P. den Boersterd, The Bronze Vessels in the Rijksmuseum G. M. Kam at Nijmegen (1956), 70-1. 257-8.

74 Gage, J., Archaeologia xxvi (1836), 303, pl. 33, 3.Google Scholar

75 Richmond, I. A., AA 4 xxxvii (1959), 7884, found in 1953.Google Scholar

76 Sir Macdonald, George, JRS ii (1912), 3.Google Scholar

77 Gillam, J. P., AA 4 xxx (1952), 251–66Google Scholar; Bushe-Fox, in AA 4 viii (1912), 145, 169-85, 192–7Google Scholar.

78 Gillam, ibid., 262, fig. 4, 18.

79 Op.cit.s (note2), 1973, 56-7. For earlier Hunt cups, see Frere, , Verulamium Excavations i (1972), fig. 122, 791-2, 794.Google Scholar

80 Cowen, J. D., AA 4 xxvi, 1948, 139–42, with referencesGoogle Scholar.

81 PSAS xciv (1960-1961), 86130.Google Scholar

82 Ibid., 92; similar evidence was found at Newstead by Richmond, , PSAS lxxxiv (1949-1950), 25.Google Scholar

83 Hartley, B. R., ‘The Roman Occupation of Scotland: the Evidence of the Samian Ware’, Britannia iii (1972), 155CrossRefGoogle Scholar, especially 26, 38, 50-2.

84 Ibid., 39-40.

85 AA 3 iv (1908), 251, 286Google Scholar, an illegible sestertius, head to left. Proc. Soc. Ant. London xxiii, 113. Dr. Sutherland, C. H. V. suggests that it might be either RIC iii (1930), 191Google Scholar, No. 1370B or No. 1374C.

86 Op. cit. (note 83), Appendix II, 45-8, ‘The Corbridge Destruction Deposit and the Dating of Antonine Pottery’, especially 46.

87 AA 4 xxviii (1950), 177201.Google Scholar

88 Stanfield and Simpson (1958), xl.

89 AA 4 xxxi (1953), 242–53; see 248-52, Nos. 24-38.Google Scholar

90 Op. cit. (note 83), 29-30.

91 Simpson, op. cit. (note 89), 250, No. 27.

92 AA 3 vii (1911), 165Google Scholar; Hartley, , Britannia iii (1972), 44.Google Scholar

93 AA 4 xlviii (1970), 29.Google Scholar