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4. NORTHERN ENGLAND

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2017

Pete Wilson
Pete Wilson*
Affiliation:
pete.wilson331@btinternet.com
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Type
Roman Britain in 2016
Information
Britannia , Volume 48 , November 2017 , pp. 332 - 358
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2017. Published by The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies 

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References

41 National Heritage List for England 1009156.

42 Joseph, J.K. St, ‘Air reconnaissance of north Britain’, Journal of Roman Studies 41 (1951), 53CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

43 R. Lotherington, An Archaeological Watching Brief at Farnley Haugh, Corbridge, Northumberland, Archaeological Research Services Ltd unpublished Report No. 2016/12. Archaeology Data Service link: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/greylit/details.cfm?id=45073

44 R. Durkin, Geophysical Survey at Farnley Grange, West Lodge, Corbridge, Northumberland, Archaeological Research Services Ltd unpublished Report No. 2016/133.

45 Work by Archaeological Research Services Ltd was commissioned by Northumbrian Water Limited. Summary compiled by R. Lotherington. Dr C. Waddington sent information.

46 N. Hodgson, J. McKelvey and W. Muncaster, The Iron Age on the Northumberland Coastal Plain: Excavations in Advance of Development 2002–2010 (2012).

47 Excavations directed R. Lotherington for Archaeological Research Services Ltd on behalf of Linden Homes Ltd. Summary compiled by R. Lotherington. Dr C. Waddington sent information.

48 Found in 2015 by I. Glendenning with a metal-detector. BM ref. 2015 T432; PAS ID: DUR-998D94. Mr R. Adby sent information.

49 Found in 2016 by J. Armstrong with a metal-detector. BM ref. 2016 T253; PAS ID: DUR-507D5B. R. Abdy sent information.

50 Pugmire, M., ‘The possible Roman road between Ambleside and the Keswick area; a discussion of the evidence and a consideration of the remains on the north slope of Dunmail Raise’, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society 3rd series 4 (2004), 105–22Google Scholar, includes a comprehensive review of the evidence going back to Horsley in 1732.

51 Thanks are due to the late Hugh Toller, who was probably the first to realise how it all fitted together.

52 First noted by Bryn Gethin.

53 T.M. Allan, The Roman Route across the Northern Lake District from Brougham to Moresby (1994).

54 Bellhouse, R.L., ‘The Roman road from Old Penrith to Keswick, and beyond’, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society 2nd series 54 (1954), 17–27Google Scholar.

55 Analysis by D. Ratledge who sent information.

56 Richmond, I.A., ‘The Roman road from Ambleside to Ravenglass’, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society 2nd series 49 (1949), 17–27Google Scholar.

57 K. Hunter-Mann, Romans in Ravenglass, Community Archaeology Project Excavation Report 2013–15, ArcHeritage 2015. http://iadb.co.uk/d3e0L4l3/Ravenglass%20final%20report%202013_15%20V3.pdf

58 Analysis by D. Ratledge who sent information.

59 Bellhouse, R.L. and Richardson, G.G.S., ‘The Trajanic fort at Kirkbride: the terminus of the Stanegate frontier’, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society 3rd series 82 (1982), 35–50Google Scholar.

60 Analysis by D. Ratledge who sent information.

61 By Gerry Martin.

62 By the Department of Archaeology University of York. Directed by Al Oswald and Helen Goodchild.

63 A report on the non-invasive investigations has been lodged with the Archaeology Data Service. Excavations by Gerry Martin continue. A. Oswald sent information.

64 Ordnance Survey Historical Map and Guide, Roman Britain (Map), 5th edition, (2001).

65 Currently Lidar data for Scotland are not freely available.

66 Margary, I.D., Roman Roads in Britain (1973), 456Google Scholar.

67 Analysis by D. Ratledge who sent information.

68 Margary, I.D., Roman Roads in Britain (1973), 452Google Scholar.

69 Analysis by D. Ratledge who sent information.

70 Margary, I.D., Roman Roads in Britain (1973), 381Google Scholar.

71 Analysis by D. Ratledge who sent information.

72 Edwards, B.J.N. and Shotter, D.C.A., ‘A newly-discovered Roman milestone from Langwathby, Cumbria’, Contrebis 29 (2004), 6–8Google Scholar.

73 Analysis by D. Ratledge who sent information.

74 For previous work see Britannia 41 (2010), 361Google Scholar; 42 (2011), 346; 43 (2012), 296–7; 44 (2013), 291–2; 45 (2014), 328–31; 46 (2015), 296–7; 47 (2016), 304–6. For the Time Team project see Durham Archaeological Journal 19 (2014), 23–32Google Scholar.

75 Excavation, with a mixed undergraduate and volunteer workforce, was organised by Archaeological Services Durham University and directed by P. Carne, M. Church and S. Semple. Dr D. Mason sent information.

76 For previous work see Britannia 47 (2016), 306Google Scholar. Also, Archaeology County Durham 12 (2017), 30–8Google Scholar. Dr D. Mason sent information.

77 Found in 2014–15 by M. Kane, K. Hollinshead, T. Peach, C. Hogarth, P. Gill jnr and A. Thwaites with metal-detectors. BM ref. 2015 T720; PAS ID: DUR-3A6B13. R. Abdy sent information.

78 Initial work by Archaeological Services Durham University followed by Vindomora Solutions Ltd, both for Gleeson Homes. Dr D. Mason sent information.

79 See Britannia 43 (2012), 287Google Scholar; 44 (2013), 292–3; 45 (2014), 331–2; 46 (2015), 297–9 for previous work.

80 H. Eckroyd Smith, Reliquiae Isurianae: the Remains of Roman Isurium, now Aldborough, near Boroughbridge, Yorkshire (1852).

81 H. Eckroyd Smith, Reliquiae Isurianae: the Remains of Roman Isurium, now Aldborough, near Boroughbridge, Yorkshire (1852), pl. XV.

82 Excavations were undertaken by kind permission of the owner Andrew Lawson Tancred. The work was directed by Dr R. Ferraby and Professor M. Millett for the University of Cambridge. Professor Millett sent information.

83 Excavations funded by N. Kirkwood Esq and directed by J. Buglass for JB Archaeology Ltd. J. Buglass sent information.

84 Found in 2016 by K. Sellers and A. Wilks with metal-detectors. BM ref. 2016 T711; PAS ID: YORYM-7E2168. R. Abdy sent information.

85 Found in c. 1988 by H. and P. Kelly with metal-detectors. Original find (1997) = 1 solidus, 8 miliarenses, 169 regular siliquae and 6 irregular siliquae to a.d. 375. BM ref. 2014 T975 (addenda to 1997 find); PAS ID: SWYOR-309C12. R. Abdy sent information.

86 Margary, I.D., Roman Roads in Britain (1973), 421Google Scholar, road 81a.

87 Excavations for North Yorkshire County Council were directed by J. Phillips and J. Buglass for JB Archaeology Ltd. J. Buglass sent information.

88 Found in 2016 by A. Riddell with a metal-detector. BM ref. 2016 T765; PAS ID: YORYM-BE3F22. R. Abdy sent information.

89 Found in 2015 by A. Stewart with a metal-detector. BM ref. 2015 T569 (addenda to 2013 T543); PAS ID: YORYM-BZFF07. Original find was 642 radiates to a.d. 282 (PAS ID: YORYM-858AC1). R. Abdy sent information.

90 Found in 2015–16 by P. King with a metal-detector. BM refs 2016 T55, 2016 T790, 2016 T927; PAS IDs: LANCUM-E3BE5C, LANCUM-CE56B1 and PUBLIC-084958. R. Abdy sent information.

91 Found in 2015 by S. Rough, N. Doyle, S. Leckey, M. Brookfield and I. North with metal-detectors. BM ref. 2015 T658; PAS ID: SWYOR-15B0A4. R. Abdy sent information.

92 Found by J. Barrass with a metal-detector. BM ref. 2015 T855; PAS ID: SWYOR-0C79EF. R. Abdy sent information.

93 Found in 2015 by N. Watson with a metal-detector. Earlier finds 2009–14. BM ref. 2014 T905; PAS ID: SWYOR-EFCB7A. R. Abdy sent information.

94 See Britannia 47 (2016), 309–10Google Scholar for previous work.

95 UBA-31831, 2006±28 BP.

96 Directed by P. Daniel for Wessex Archaeology on behalf of CgMs Consulting. P. Bradley sent information.

97 Found in 2013 by K. Notley with a metal-detector. BM ref. 2015 T156 (addenda to 2012 T191 and 2005 T418); PAS ID: SWYOR-0A6163. R. Abdy sent information.

98 Directed by O. Batchelor for Wessex Archaeology on behalf of Arup. P. Bradley sent information.

99 Found in 2015 by P. Millington with a metal-detector. BM ref. 2015 T201 (addenda to 2012 T896a); 2012 T896a and b were originally treated as one case but are now more clearly Tickhill I and II due to subsequent finds; PAS ID: SWYOR-6F5A37. R. Abdy sent information.

100 Found in 2016 by P. Millington with a metal-detector. BM ref. 2016 T719, addenda to 2012 T896b; PAS ID: SWYOR-8102FD (original find = SWYOR-74BE41). A further 6 nummi had previously been found in the area and have been recorded as pre-treasure case material: SWYOR-82D4C3, SWYOR-61AF17, SWYOR-82A371, SWYOR-8282E8, SWYOR-826661, SWYOR-8253DD. Total now stands at 70 copper-alloy coins and the remains of their greyware pottery container. R. Abdy sent information.

101 Found in 2015 by D. Boulton and M. Angus with metal-detectors. BM ref. 2015 T956; PAS ID: SWYOR-5669FC. R. Abdy sent information.

102 See Britannia 45 (2014), 338Google Scholar and Waddington, C., ‘Discovery and excavation of a Roman estate centre at Whirlow, south-west Sheffield’, Forum. The Journal of CBA Yorkshire 1 (2012), 43–52Google Scholar for previous work.

103 Excavations by Archaeological Research Services Ltd and the Time Travellers community archaeology group were directed by Dr C. Waddington. The work was funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund. Dr Waddington sent information.

104 See Britannia 46 (2015), 303Google Scholar; 47 (2016), 314–15 for previous work.

105 RIB I 2270.

106 Watkin, W.T., Roman Lancashire (1883), 180–1Google Scholar; Edwards, B. ‘The Burrow Roman sculptures’, in Iles, P. and Shotter, D. (eds), Lancaster's Roman Cemeteries (2009), 103–7Google Scholar.

107 Iles, P. and Shotter, D. (eds), Lancaster's Roman Cemeteries (2009), 49–87Google Scholar.

108 Found in 2016 by A. Lawson with a metal-detector. BM ref. 2016 T142; PAS ID: LANCUM-C7EF68. R. Abdy sent information.

109 Volunteers supervised by M. Took and H. Holbrook of Wessex Archaeology for CgMs Consulting. P. Bradley sent information.

110 Fieldwork was supervised by C. Casswell for Allen Archaeology Ltd on behalf of Abel UK. N. Powers sent information.

111 Supervised by J. Smith for Archaeological Project Services on behalf of Larkfleet Homes. A. Beeby sent information.

112 Supervised by C. Moulis for Archaeological Project Services on behalf of Mr A. Popple. A. Beeby sent information.

113 Supervised by J. Smith for Archaeological Project Services on behalf of Moor Bio Energy. A. Beeby sent information.

114 Supervised by M. Peachey for Archaeological Project Services on behalf of Lincolnshire County Council. A. Beeby sent information.

115 Supervised by M. Peachey for Archaeological Project Services on behalf of Geda Construction. A. Beeby sent information.

116 Fieldwork was supervised by A. Chapman and M. Piirainen for Allen Archaeology Ltd on behalf of Grace Machin Planning and Property. N. Powers sent information.

117 Found in 2015 by J. Nugent with a metal-detector. BM ref. 2015 T921; PAS ID: LIN-D99504.

118 Fieldwork was supervised by C. Casswell and M. Jarvis for Allen Archaeology Ltd on behalf of the University of Lincoln. N. Powers sent information.

119 National Heritage List for England 1003569.

120 Supervised by Mark Allen for Allen Archaeology on behalf of Lincoln Cathedral Connected/Corporate Body of Lincoln Cathedral. N. Powers sent information.

121 Found in 2015 by F. Rawling, G. Tinsley, J. Nugent, K. Rigg, M. Rawding, S. Parker, D. Lonsdale and F. Edwards with metal-detectors. BM ref. 2015 T802; PAS ID: LIN-A44216. R. Abdy sent information.

122 Found in 2016 by K. Kelway with a metal-detector. BM ref. 2016 T356; PAS ID: LIN-86184B. R. Abdy sent information.

123 Supervised by D. Trimble for Archaeological Project Services. A. Beeby sent information.

124 Elsdon, S.M., Old Sleaford Revealed (1997), 2–7Google Scholar.

125 Found in 2016 by C. Kettleborough with a metal-detector. BM ref. 2016 T1032; PAS ID: LIN-FD23DC. R Abdy sent information.

126 Excavations were directed by R. Lopez and managed by C. Taylor for Network Archaeology on behalf of Carillion Construction, with funding from Lincolnshire County Council and the Department of Transport. R. Moore sent information.

127 Supervised by J. Snee for Archaeological Project Services on behalf of Broadgate Homes. A. Beeby sent information.