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Temperature alterations during embryogenesis have a sex-dependent influence on growth properties and muscle metabolism of day-old chicks and 35-day-old broilers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 October 2017

C. Krischek ,
K. Wimmers ,
S. Janisch ,
M. Wicke  and
A. R. Sharifi
C. Krischek*
Affiliation:
Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, Foundation University of Veterinary Medicine, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
K. Wimmers
Affiliation:
Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
S. Janisch
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Quality of Food of Animal Origin, Georg-August-University Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
M. Wicke
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Quality of Food of Animal Origin, Georg-August-University Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
A. R. Sharifi
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics, Georg-August-University Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
*
†E-mail: carsten.krischek@tiho-hannover.de
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Abstract

Broiler eggs were either incubated at 37.8°C during the whole incubation period (control), or at higher (38.8°C, group H) and lower temperatures (36.8°C, group L) from embryonic day (ED) 7 up to ED 10 (ED 7 to 10) or from ED 10 up to ED 13 (ED 10 to 13). Before and after this temperature treatment the eggs were incubated at 37.8°C. The day-old chicks were weighted, sexed and fed up to day 35. On days 1 and 35 samples were taken from the breast and leg muscles for analyzing of the mitochondrial respiratory activity (MRA) and from the breast muscles for analysis of the cross-sectional areas (CSA) and the glycogen phosphorylase (GP), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate synthase (CS) and cytochrome oxidase (COX) activities. Statistical analysis showed that treatment (control, group H, group L), sex and their interaction, but not the treatment period (ED 7 to 10; ED 10 to 13), significantly influenced the results. Group H chicks had lower (P⩽0.05) body and heart weights but higher (P⩽0.05) liver weights, CSA values, leg MRA as well as PFK, LDH, CS, GP and COX activities compared with the group L chicks. The results of the control chicks differ (P⩽0.05) from those of the group H (body, heart weight, COX), the group L chicks (liver weight, PFK, LDH, CS, GP) or the birds of both other groups (CSA). The group H broiler had higher (P⩽0.05) body and leg weights as well as LDH, CS, COX and GP activities than the group L broilers. The BWs and the LDH and GP results of the control broiler differ (P⩽0.05) from those of both other groups or from the results of the group H (CS) and group L broiler (COX). Female broilers had lower (P⩽0.05) body, breast and leg weights, but higher (P⩽0.05) CSA, LDH, CS and GP activities than the male animals. Analysis of treatment×sex interaction showed that group H hens had higher (P⩽0.05) body and breast weights, LDH and GP activities compared with the group L hens, whereas in the male broiler no effect of the interaction could be found, except for the lower (P⩽0.05) CSA values in the group H than group L cocks. The treatment effects are probably due to altered embryonic activity and related molecular mechanisms. The sex-related differences in the broiler indicate that these alterations already occur in the embryos and chicks, but become significant with the sexual dimorphism after hatch.

Keywords

day-old chicks35-day-old broilerincubation temperaturemitochondrial respiratory activitymetabolic enzyme activity
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 12 , Issue 6 , June 2018 , pp. 1224 - 1231
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2017 

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Footnotes

✠

Deceased.

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