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Landscapes of War: Rules and Conventions of Conflict in Ancient Hawai'i (And Elsewhere)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Michael J. Kolb  and
Boyd Dixon
Michael J. Kolb
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2854; aloha@niu.edu
Boyd Dixon
Affiliation:
AMEC Earth and Environmental, 680 Iwilei Road, Suite 660, Honolulu, HI 96817; dixonboyd@hotmail.com
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Abstract

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A comparison of the rich ethnohistoric record of prehistoric conflict in Hawai'i with evidence of warfare in other culture areas suggests some basic similarities in cause and effect shared by many complex hegemonic polities. Three types of archaeological remains in Hawai'i indicate that human sacrifice and monumental-scale ritual construction were integral parts of pre-Contact (A.D. 1778) conquest warfare. The Hawaiians, however, invested much less labor in long-term responses to possible threats to civilian security than many cultures, suggesting that wartime expectations were very different even if the scale and intensity of combat was similar. These differences are perceived to be a reflection of distinct historical traditions of wartime ethics in Polynesia, unique rules of conflict adapted to the geographic isolation of the Hawaiian people and the environmental diversity that defines the archipelago.

Résumé

Résumé

Con base en una comparación del abundante registro etnohistórico referente a los conflictos prehistóricos en Hawai'i con la evidencia de guerras en otras culturas, se proponen algunas similitudes básicas en su causa y efecto entre muchas culturas hegemónicas complejas. En Hawaii hay tres tipos de restos arqueológicos que indican que el sacrificio humano y la construcción ritual a una escala monumental formaban parte integral de las contiendas bélicas de conquista previas a la época del contacto (1778 d.C.). Sin embargo, los hawaiianos invirtieron mucho menos trabajo en la respuesta a largo plazo a las posibles amenazas a la seguridad civil que muchas culturas, lo cual sugiere que las expectativas en periodos de guerra fueron muy diferentes, aun cuando la escala e intensidad fueron similares. Estas diferencias se interpretan como un reflejo de tradiciones históricas distintivas acerca de la ética de guerra en Polinesia, reglas particulares de combate adaptadas al aislamiento geográfico de los grupos hawaiianos y la diversidad ambiental que define al archipiélago.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 67 , Issue 3 , July 2002 , pp. 514 - 534
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2002

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