Evaluation and management of dementia

doi:10.1017/CBO9781107294967.010

Chapter 10 - Evaluation and management of dementia

from Section II - Geriatric syndromes

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2016

Lauren Collins ,

Barry W. Rovner and

Kadesha Collins-Fletcher

Edited by

Jan Busby-Whitehead ,

Maria Fiatarone Singh and

William Reichel

Show author details

Jan Busby-Whitehead: Affiliation:
University of North Carolina
Christine Arenson: Affiliation:
Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia
Samuel C. Durso: Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Daniel Swagerty: Affiliation:
University of Kansas
Laura Mosqueda: Affiliation:
University of Southern California
Maria Fiatarone Singh: Affiliation:
University of Sydney
William Reichel: Affiliation:
Georgetown University, Washington DC

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Summary

Diagnostic criteria for dementia are separated into major and minor neurocognitive disorders. In major neurocognitive disorder, cognitive symptoms show a significant decline from a previous level of functioning in at least one cognitive domain. The prevalence of dementia increases with age, rising from 15% of those 65-74 years to more than 38% of those 85 and older. Estimated annual economic cost of dementia is $214 billion. Alzheimer’s dementia is the most common form of dementia. Cerebrovascular disease contributes to various subtypes of dementia. Although a definitive diagnosis of a syndrome often requires a postmortem examination, a comprehensive approach with a thorough history-taking, physical examination, tailored laboratory work and imaging studies, and neuropsychiatric testing when appropriate permit a probable diagnosis in the majority of cases. Despite the availability of diagnostic guidelines, routine screening of older adults is not recommended. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of dementia have led to more targeted pharmacological therapies

Type: Chapter
Information: Reichel's Care of the Elderly
Clinical Aspects of Aging
, pp. 125 - 147

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107294967.010 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2016

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Chapter 10 - Evaluation and management of dementia

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