Aas,, E.
1987. Two-stream irradiance model for deep waters.
Appl. Opt., 26, 2095–2101.
Abramowitz, M., and Stegun, I. A.
1965. Handbook of Mathematical Functions. Dover.
Ackerman, T. P.
1992. The physics of the greenhouse effect. Pages 63–80 of: Global Climate Change: Implications, Challenges and Mitigation Measures. Pennsylvania Academy of Science, edited by S. K., Majumdar et al.
Ahmad, S. P., and Deering, D. W.
1992. A simple analytical function for bidirectional reflectance.
J. Geophys. Res., 97, 8,867–18,886.
Ahmad, Z., Franz, B. A.,McClain, C. R., Kwiatkowska, E. J.,Werdell, J., Shettle, E. P., and Holben, B. N.
2010. New aerosol models for the retrieval of aerosol optical thickness and normalized water-leaving radiances from the SeaWiFS and MODIS sensors over coastal regions and open oceans.
Appl. Opt., 49, 5545–5560.
Albritton, D. L., Watson, R. T., Megie, G., and (Eds.), P. J., Aucamp.
1985. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project. Pages 355–362 of: Report No. 16. World Meteorological Organization.
Anderson, D. E.
1983. The troposphere–stratosphere radiation field at twilight: a spherical model.
Planet. Space Sci., 31, 1517–1523.
Anderson, G. P., Clough, S. A., Kneizys, F. X., Chetwynd, J. H., and Shettle, E. P.
1986. AFGL Atmospheric Constituent Profiles (0–120 km), AFGL-TR-86-0110 (OPI). Hanscom AFB, MA 01736.
Anderson, J. G., Toohey, D. W., and Brune, W. H.
1991. Free radicals within the Antarctic vortex: the role of CFCs in Antarctic ozone loss.
Science, 251, 39–46.
Apostol, Tom M.
2007. Calculus, vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons.
Appleby, J. F., and Irvine, W. M.
1973. Path length distributions of photons diffusely reflected from a semi-infinite atmosphere.
Astrophys. J., 183, 337–346.
Arfken, G.
1985. Mathematical Methods of Physics, 3rd ed. Academic Press.
Armstrong, B. H.
1967. Spectrum line profiles: the Voigt function.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 7, 61–88.
Babin, Marcel, Morel, André, Fournier-Sicre, Vincent, Fell, Frank, and Stramski, Dariusz. 2003a. Light scattering properties of marine particles in coastal and open ocean waters as related to the particle mass concentration.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 48(2), 843–859.
Babin, Marcel, Stramski, Dariusz, Ferrari, Giovanni M., Claustre, Herve, Bricaud, Annick, Obolensky, Grigor, and Hoepffner, Nicolas. 2003b. Variations in the light absorption coefficients of phytoplankton, nonalgal particles, and dissolved organic matter in coastal waters around Europe.
J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans, 108(C7).
Bates, D. R.
1984. Rayleigh scattering by air.
Planet. Space Sci., 32, 785–790.
Baum, Bryan A., Yang, Ping, Heymsfield, Andrew J., Schmitt, Carl G., Xie, Yu, Bansemer, Aaron, Hu, Yong-Xiang, and Zhang, Zhibo. 2011. Improvements in shortwave bulk scattering and absorption models for the remote sensing of ice clouds.
J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 50(5), 1037–1056.
Bellman, R., Kalaba, R., and Prestrud, M.
1963. Invariant Imbedding and Radiative Transfer in Slabs of Finite Thickness. Elsevier.
Bellman, R., Kawigada, H., Kalaba, R., and Ueno, S.
1967. Invariant imbedding equations for the dissipation functions of an inhomogeneous finite slab with anisotropic scattering.
J. Math. Phys., 8, 2137–2142.
Berk, Alexander, Anderson, Gail P., Acharya, Prabhat K., Bernstein, Lawrence S.,Muratov, Leon, Lee, Jamine, Fox, Marsha, Adler-Golden, SteveM., Chetwynd, James H., Hoke, Michael L., et al. 2005. MODTRAN 5: a reformulated atmospheric band model with auxiliary species and practical multiple scattering options: update. Pages 662–667 of: Defense and Security. International Society for Optics and Photonics.
Berk, Alexander, Conforti, Patrick, Kennett, Rosemary, Perkins, Timothy, Hawes, Frederick, and van den Bosch, Jeannette. 2014. MODTRAN6: a major upgrade of the MODTRAN radiative transfer code. Pages 90880H–90880H of: SPIE Defense+ Security. International Society for Optics and Photonics.
Bodyko, M. I.
1969. The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate of the Earth.
Tellus, 21, 611–619.
Bodyko, M. I.
1975. Climate and Life. Academic Press.
Bohren, C.
1987. Multiple scattering of light and some of its observable consequences.
American Journ. Physics, 55, 524–533.
Bohren, C. F.
1989. Selected papers on scattering in the atmosphere. In: SPIE Milestone Series, vol. MS07. SPIE.
Bohren, C. F.
1990. All that's best of dark and bright.
Weatherwise, 43, 160–163.
Bohren, C. F.
1991. What Light through Yonder Window Breaks?
Wiley.
Bohren, C. F., and Huffman, D. R.
1998. Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles. John Wiley.
Born, M., and Wolf, E.
1980. Principles of Optics. Cambridge University Press.
Brasseur, Guy P., and Solomon, Susan. 2006. Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere: Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere, vol. 32. Springer Science & Business Media.
Bréviére, E., and others (Eds.). 2015. Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) Scientific Steering Committee. In: SOLAS 2015-2025: Science Plan and Organisation. Kiel: SOLAS International Project Office. /www.solas-int.org/.
Bricaud, Annick, Morel, André, Babin, Marcel, Allali, Karima, and Claustre, Hervé. 1998. Variations of light absorption by suspended particles with chlorophyll a concentration in oceanic (case 1) waters: analysis and implications for bio-optical models.
J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 103(C13), 31033–31044.
Briegleb, B. P.
1992. Longwave band model for thermal radiation in climate studies.
J. Geophys. Res., 97, 11,475–11,485.
Burden, R. L., and Faires, J. D.
1985. Numerical Analysis, 3rd ed.
Prindle, Weber and Schmidt, p. 153.
Carder, K., Chen, F., Cannizarro, J., Campbell, J., and Mitchell, B.
2004. Performance of MODIS semi analytical ocean colour algorithm for chlorophyll-a.
Adv. Space Res., 33, 1152–1159.
Cess, Robert D., Potter, G. L., Blanchet, J. P., Boer, G. J., Del Genio, A. D., Deque, M., Dymnikov, V., Galin, V., Gates, W. L., Ghan, S. J., et al. 1990. Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models.
J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 95(D10), 16601–16615.
Chamberlain, J.W., and Hunten, D. M.
1987. Theory of Planetary Atmospheres. Academic Press.
Chami, Malik, Santer, Richard, and Dilligeard, Eric. 2001. Radiative transfer model for the computation of radiance and polarization in an ocean–atmosphere system: polarization properties of suspended matter for remote sensing.
Appl. Opt., 40(15), 2398–2416.
Chandrasekhar, S.
1950. Radiative Transfer. Clarendon.
Chandrasekhar, S.
1960. Radiative Transfer. Dover.
Charlock, T. P., and Ramanathan, V.
1985. The albedo field and cloud radiative forcing produced by a general circulation model with internally generated cloud optics.
J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1408–1429.
Chen, C.-T., and Roeckner, E.
1996. Validation of the earth radiation budget as simulated by the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology general circulation model ECHAM4 using satellite observations of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment.
J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4269–4287.
Cheyney, H., and Arking, A.
1976. A new formulation for anisotropic radiative transfer problems, I, Solution with a variational technique.
Astrophys. J., 207, 808–819.
Chou, M.-D., and Kouvaris, L.
1991. Calculations of the transmission functions in the infrared CO2 and O3 bands.
J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9003–9012.
Chowdhary, Jacek, Cairns, Brian, Waquet, Fabien, Knobelspiesse, Kirk, Ottaviani, Matteo, Redemann, Jens, Travis, Larry, and Mishchenko, Michael. 2012. Sensitivity of multiangle, multispectral polarimetric remote sensing over open oceans to waterleaving radiance: analyses of RSP data acquired during the MILAGRO campaign.
Remote Sensing of Environment, 118, 284–308.
Clough, S. A., Kneizys, F. X., Rothman, L. S., and Gallery, W. O.
1981. Atmospheric spectral transmittance and radiance: FASCOD1 B. Pages 152–167 of: 1981 Technical Symposium East. International Society for Optics and Photonics.
Clough, S. A., Shephard, M.W.,Mlawer, E. J., Delamere, J. S., Iacono, M. J., Cady-Pereira, K., Boukabara, S., and Brown, P. D.
2005. Atmospheric radiative transfer modeling: a summary of the AER codes.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 91, 233–244.
Clough, Shepard A., Iacono, Michael J., and Moncet, Jean-Luc. 1992. Line-by-line calculations of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates: application to water vapor.
J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. (1984–2012), 97(D14), 15761–15785.
Cogley, A. C., and Borucki, W. J.
1976. Exponential approximation for daily average solar heating or photolysis.
J. Atmos. Sci, 33, 1347–1356.
Collins, D. G., Blattner, W. G., Wells, M. B., and Horak, H. G.
1972. Backward Monte- Carlo calculations of the polarization characteristics of the radiation field emerging fom spherical shell atmospheres.
Appl. Opt., 11, 2684–2705.
Cooper, J., Hubeny, I., and Oxenius, J.
1983. On the line profile coefficient for stimulated emission.
Astron. Astrophys., 127, 224–226.
Coulson, Kinsell L.
1988. Polarization and Intensity of Light in the Atmosphere. A Deepak Pub.
Covey, C.
1989. Mechanisms of climatic change. Pages 11–33 of: Global Climate Change: Human and Natural Influences. Paragon House, edited by S. F., Singer.
Cox, C., and Munk, W.
1954. Measurement of the roughness of the sea surface from photographs of the sun's glitter.
J. Opt. Soc. Am, 44, 838–850.
Dahlback, A., and Stamnes, K.
1991. A new spherical model for computing the radiation field available for photolysis and heating at twilight.
Planet. Space Sci., 39, 671–683.
Dahlback, Arne. 1996. Measurements of biologically effective UV doses, total ozone abundances, and cloud effects with multichannel, moderate bandwidth filter instruments.
Appl. Opt., 35(33), 6514–6521.
Danielson, R. E., Moore, D. R., and van de Hulst, H. C.
1969. Backward Monte-Carlo calculations of the polarization characteristics of the radiation field emerging fom spherical shell atmospheres.
J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1078–1087.
Davies, C. N.
1974. Size distribution of atmospheric particles.
J. Aerosol Sci., 5, 293–300.
Davies, R., Ridgeway, W. L., and Kim, K.-E.
1984. Spectral absorption of solar radiation in cloudy atmospheres: a 20 cm-1 model.
J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2126–2137.
Deirmendjian, D.
1969. Electromagnetic Scattering on Spherical Polydispersions. Elsevier.
Dera, J.
1992. Marine Physics. Elsevier.
Deschamps, Pierre Yves, Bréon, F-M, Leroy, Marc, Podaire, Alain, Bricaud, Annick, Buriez, Jean-Claude, and Seze, Genevieve. 1994. The POLDER mission: instrument characteristics and scientific objectives.
Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions, 32(3), 598–615.
Diehl, P., and Haardt, H.
1980. Measurement of the spectral attenuation to support biological research in a “plankton tube” experiment.
Oceanol. Acta., 3, 89–96.
Dobson, G. M. B.
1931. A photo electric spectrophotometer for measuring the amount of atmospheric ozone. Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 43, 324–339.
Du, Hong. 2004. Mie-scattering calculation. Appl. Opt., 43(9), 1951–1956.
Dutton, E. G., and Christy, J. R.
1992. Solar radiative forcing at selected locations and evidence for global lower tropospheric cooling following the eruptions of El Chichon and Pinatubo.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2313–2316.
Dutton, J. A.
1995. An analytical model of atmospheric feedback and global temperature change.
J. Clim., 8, 1122–1139.
Eddington, A. S.
1916. On the radiative equilibrium of the stars.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 77, 16–35.
Edwards, Charles Henry. 1990. Calculus and Analytic Geometry. Prentice Hall PTR.
Edwards, D. P.
1992. A General Line-by-Line Atmospheric Transmittance and Radiance Model. NCAR Technical note, NCAR/TN-367+STR.
NCAR, Boulder, Colorado.
Einstein, A., and Infeld, L.
1966. The Evolution of Physics. Simon and Schuster.
El-Sayed, S. Z., Stephens, F. C., Bidigard, R. R., and Ondrusek, M. E.
1990. Effect of ultraviolet on Antarctic marine phytoplankton. Pages 379–385 of: Antarctic Ecosystems, Ecological Change and Conservation. Springer-Verlag, edited by K. R., Kerry and G., Hempel.
Ellingson, R. G., Ellis, J., and Fels, S.
1992. The intercomparison of radiation codes used in climate models: longwave results.
J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8929–8953.
Ellingson, Robert G., and Fouquart, Yves. 1991. The intercomparison of radiation codes in climate models: an overview.
J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 96(D5), 8925–8927.
Elsasser, W. M.
1942. Heat Transfer by Infrared Radiation in the Atmosphere. Harvard University Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory.
Esposito, L. W., and House, L. L.
1978. Radiative transfer calculated from a Markov chain formalism.
Ap. J., 219, 1058–1067.
Esposito, Larry W.
1979. An “adding” algorithm for the Markov chain formalism for radiation transfer.
Ap. J., 233, 661–663.
Fan, Lingling, Li, Wei, Dahlback, Arne, Stamnes, Jakob J., Stamnes, Snorre, and Stamnes, Knut. 2014. New neural-network-based method to infer total ozone column amounts and cloud effects from multi-channel, moderate bandwidth filter instruments.
Opt. Express, 22(16), 19595–19609.
Fan, Yongzhen, Li, Wei, Calzado, Violeta Sanjuan, Trees, Charles, Stamnes, Snorre, Fournier, Georges, McKee, David, and Stamnes, Knut. 2015a. Inferring inherent optical properties and water constituent profiles from apparent optical properties.
Opt. Express, 23(15), A987–A1009.
Fan, Yongzhen, Li, Wei, Stamnes, Knut, Stamnes, Jakob J., and Sorensen, Kai.
2015b. Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and marine parameters in coastal areas using a coupled atmosphere–ocean radiative transfer model. Page 82 of: Sentinel-3 for Science Workshop, vol. 734.
Fan, Yongzhen, Li, Wei, Voss, Kenneth J., Gatebe, Charles K., and Stamnes, Knut. 2016. Neural network method to correct bidirectional effects in water-leaving radiance.
Appl. Opt., 55(1), 10–21.
Farman, J. C., Gardiner, G., and Shanklin, J. D.
1985. Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction.
Nature, 315, 207–210.
Farmer, C. B., and Norton, R. H.
1989. A High-Resolution Atlas of the Infrared Spectrum of the Sun and the Earth Atmosphere from Space, 650 to 3350 cm-1, vol. II. Stratosphere and Mesosphere, cm-1. NASA Reference Publication 1224.
Feautrier, P., 1964. Sur la resolution numerique de l'equation de transfert.
C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 258, 3189–3191.
Fleury, P., and de Boer, J.
1962. Symbols units and nomenclature in physics.
Physics Today, 15(6), 20–30.
Fournier, G. R., and Forand, J. L.
1994. Analytic phase function for ocean water.
Proc. Ocean Optics XII, SPIE, 2558, 194–201.
Fu, Q., and Liou, K. N.
1993. Parametrization of the radiative properties of cirrus clouds.
J. Atmos., Sci., 21, 115–150.
Fukushima, Hajime, Suzuki, Kazunori, Li, Liping, Suzuki, Naoya, and Murakami, Hiroshi. 2009. Improvement of the ADEOS-II/GLI sun-glint algorithm using concomitant microwave scatterometer-derived wind data.
Advances in Space Research, 43(6), 941–947.
Gent, P. R., Danabasoglu, G., Donner, L. J., Holland, M. M., Hunke, E. C., Jayne, S. R., Lawrence, D. M., Neale, R. B., Rasch, P. J., Vertenstein, M., Worley, P. H., Yang, Z.-L., and Zhang, M.
2011. The Community Climate System Model Version 4.
J. Clim., 24(19), 4973–4991.
Goldman, A., Murcray, F. J., Rinsland, C. P., Blatherwick, R. D., Murcray, F. H., and Murcray, D. G.
1991. Analysis of atmospheric trace constituents from high resolution infrared balloon-borne and ground-based solar absorption spectra.
Proc. of the Symposium on Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Chemistry, Society of Photo- Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), 1491, 194–202.
Goody, R. M., and Yung, Y. L.
1989. Atmospheric Radiation, Theoretical Basis. Oxford University Press.
Goody, R.M.,West, R., Chen, L., and Crisp, D.
1989. The correlated-k method for radiation calculations in nonhomogeneous atmospheres.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 42, 539–550.
Gordon, H. R.
1994. Modeling and simulating radiative transfer in the ocean. Pages 3–3 of: Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics. Oxford University Press, edited by R. W., Spinrad, K. L., Carder, and M. J., Perry.
Gordon, H. R.
1997. Atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery in the Earth Observation System era.
J. Geophys. Res., 102, 17081–17106.
Gordon, Howard R., and Boynton, G. Chris.
1997. RadianceÑirradiance inversion algorithm for estimating the absorption and backscattering coefficients of natural waters: homogeneous waters.
Appl. Opt., 36(12), 2636–2641.
Gordon, Howard R., and Boynton, G. Chris. 1998. Radiance–irradiance inversion algorithm for estimating the absorption and backscattering coefficients of natural waters: vertically stratified water bodies.
Appl. Opt., 37(18), 3886–3896.
Graedel, T., and Crutzen, P. C.
1993. Atmospheric Change: An Earth System Perspective. W. H. Freeman.
Grenfell, T. C., and Maykut, G. A.
1977. Spectral albedo of antarctic snow.
J. Glaciol., 18, 445–463.
Grenfell, Thomas C., Warren, Stephen G., and Mullen, Peter C.
1994. Reflection of solar radiation by the Antarctic snow surface at ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelengths. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 99(D9), 18669–18684.
Hamre, B., Stamnes, S., Stamnes, K., and Stamnes, J. J.
2013. C-DISORT: a versatile tool for radiative transfer in coupled media like the atmosphere–ocean system. Pages 923–926 of: Radiation Process in the Atmosphere and the Ocean (IRS2012): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS), vol. 1531. AIP Publishing, edited by R. F., Cahalan.
Hamre, Børge, Winther, Jan-Gunnar, Gerland, Sebastian, Stamnes, Jakob J., and Stamnes, Knut. 2004. Modeled and measured optical transmittance of snow-covered first-year sea ice in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard.
J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans, 109(C10).
Hamre, Børge, Stamnes, Jakob J., Frette, Øyvind, Erga, Svein Rune, and Stamnes, Knut. 2008. Could stratospheric ozone depletion lead to enhanced aquatic primary production in the polar regions?
Limnol. Oceanogr., 53(1), 332–338.
Hanel, R. A., and Conrath, B. J.
1970. Thermal Emission Spectra of the Earth and Atmosphere Obtained from the Nimbus 4 Michelson Interferometer Experiment. NASA Report X-620-70-244.
Hansen, J., Lacis, A., Rind, D., Russell, G., Stone, P., Fung, I., Ruedy, R., and Lerner, J.
1985. Climate response times: dependence on climate sensitivity and ocean mixing.
Science, 229, 857–859.
Hansen, J., Lacis, A., Ruedy, R., and Sato, M.
1992. Potential climate impact of Mount Pinatubo eruption.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 215–218.
Hansen, J. E, and Travis, L. D.
1974. Light scattering in planetary atmospheres.
Space Sci. Rev., 16, 527–610.
Hapke, B.
1963. A theoretical photometric function for the lunar surface.
J. Geophys. Res., 68, 4571–4586.
Hapke, Bruce. 2012. Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy. Cambridge University Press.
Harmel, Tristan, and Chami, Malik. 2013. Estimation of the sunglint radiance field from optical satellite imagery over open ocean: multidirectional approach and polarization aspects.
J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans, 118(1), 76–90.
Harrison, E. F., Minnis, P., Barkstrom, B. R., Ramanathan, V., Cess, R. D., and Gibson, G. G.
1990. Seasonal variations of cloud radiative forcing derived from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment.
J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18,687–18,703.
Harshvardhan, , and King, M. D.
1993. Comparative accuracy of diffuse radiative properties computed using selected multiple scattering approximations.
J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 247–259.
Hartmann, D. L.
1990. Modeling climate change. Pages 97–140 of: Global Climate and Ecosystems Change. Plenum Press, edited by G., MacDonald and I., Settorio.
Hartmann, D. L., Ramanathan, V., Berroir, A., and Hunt, G. E.
1986. Earth radiation budget data and climate research.
Rev. of Geophysics, 24, 439–468.
Hays, Paul B., Abreu, Vincent J., Dobbs, Michael E., Gell, David A., Grassl, Heinz J., and Skinner, Wilbert R.
1993. The high-resolution doppler imager on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite.
J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 98(D6), 10713–10723.
Heald, M. A., and Marion, J. B.
1995. Classical Electromagnetic Radiation. Saunders College Publ. Co.
Heaslet, M. A., and Warming, R. F.
1968. Radiative source predictions for finite and semiinfinite non-conservative atmospheres.
Astrophys. and Space Science, 1, 460–498.
Henyey, L. C., and Greenstein, J. L.
1941. Diffuse radiation in the galaxy.
Astrophys. J., 93, 70–83.
Herzberg, G.
1950. Molecular Spectroscopy and Molecular Structure: I. Spectra of Diatomic Molecules. D. van Nostrand.
Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Tanre, D., Buis, J. P., Setzer, A., Vermote, E., Reagan, J. A., Kaufman, Y., Nakajima, T., Lavenu, F., Jankowiak, I., and Smirnov, A.
1998. AERONET – a federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization.
Remote Sens. Environ., 66, 1–16.
Holben, B. N., Tanre, D., Smirnov, A., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Abuhassan, N., Newcomb, W. W., Schafer, J., Chatenet, B., Lavenue, F., Kaufman, Y. J., Castle, J. Vande, Setzer, A., Markham, B., Clark, D., Frouin, R., Halthore, R., Karnieli, A., O'Neill, N. T., Pietras, C., Pinker, R. T., Voss, K., and Zibordi, G.
2001. An emerging ground-based aerosol climatology: aerosol optical depth from AERONET.
J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12067–12097.
Houghton, J. T., Taylor, F. T., and Rodgers, C. D.
1984. Remote Sounding of Atmospheres. Cambridge University Press.
Houghton, J. T., Filho, L. G.Meira, Bruce,, J., Lee, Hoesung, Callendar, B. A., Haites, E., Harris, N., and Maskell, K. (eds.). 1995. Radiative forcing of climate change and an evaluation of the IPCC 1S92 emission scenarios. Page 339 of: Climate Change 1994. Cambridge University Press, edited by J. T., Houghton.
Houghto, J. T., Filho, L. G. Meiro, Callande, B. A., Harris, N., Kattenburg, A., and Maskell, K.
1996. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.
Hu, Y. X.
1994. A Study of the Link between Cloud Microphysics and Climate Change. Ph. D. Thesis – University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA.
Hu, Y.-X., and Stamnes, K.
1993. An accurate parameterization of the radiative properties of water clouds suitable for use in climate models.
J. Clim., 6, 728–742.
Hu, Y.-X., Wielicki, B., Lin, B., Gibson, G., Tsay, S.-C., Stamnes, K., and Wong, T.
2000. Delta-fit: a fast and accurate treatment of particle scattering phase functions with weighted singular-value decomposition least squares fitting.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 65, 681–690.
Hu, Yongxiang, Stamnes, K., Vaughan, M., Pelon, Jacques, Weimer, C., Wu, D., Cisewski, M., Sun, W., Yang, P., Lin, B., et al. 2008. Sea surface wind speed estimation from space-based lidar measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8(13), 3593–3601.
Humme, D. G., and Rybicki, G.
1967. Computational methods for non-LTE line-transfer problems. Pages 53–126 of: Methods in Computational Physics. Academic Press, edited by A., Alder, S., Fernbach, and M., Rotheberg.
Humphrey, W. J.
1929. Physics of the Air, 2nd ed.
McGraw-Hill.
Hun, G. E., and Gran, I. P.
1969. Discrete space theory of radiative transfer and its application to problems in planetary atmospheres.
J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 963–972.
Irvine, W. M.
1968. Monochromatic phase curves and albedos for Venus. J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 610–616.
Irvin, W. M.
1975. Multiple scattering in planetary atmospheres.
Icarus, 25, 175–204.
Isaac, R. G., Wang, W-C., Worsha, R. D., and Goldenberg, S.
1987. Multiple scattering in LOWTRAN and FASCODE models.
Appl. Opt., 26, 1272–1281.
Jahnke, E., and Emde, F.
1945. Tables of Functions. Dover.
Jerlo, N. G.
1968. Optical Oceanography. Elsevier.
Jerlo, N. G.
1976. Marine Optics. Elsevier.
Jiang, Shigan, Stamnes, Knut, Li, Wei, and Hamre, Børge. 2005. Enhanced solar irradiance across the atmosphere–sea ice interface: a quantitative numerical study.
Appl. Opt., 44(13), 2613–2625.
Jin, Z., and Stamnes, K.
1994. Radiative transfer in non-uniformly refracting media: atmosphere-ocean system.
Appl. Opt., 33, 431–442.
Jin, Z., Stamnes, K., Week, W. F., and Tsa, S. C.
1994. The effect of sea ice on the solar energy budget in the atmosphere–sea ice–ocean system: a model study.
J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25281–25294.
Josep, J. H.,Wiscombe, W. J., and Weinma, J. A.
1976. The delta-Eddington approximation for radiative flux transfer.
J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2452–2459.
Kahnert, F. Michael. 2003. Numerical methods in electromagnetic scattering theory.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 79, 775–824.
Kahnert, Michael, Sandvik, Anne Dagrun, Biryulina, Marina, Stamnes, Jakob J., and Stamnes, Knut. 2008. Impact of ice particle shape on short-wave radiative forcing: a case study for an arctic ice cloud.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 109(7), 1196–1218.
Kalkofen, W.
1984. Methods in Computational Physics. Cambridge University Press, edited by W., Kalkofen.
Karentz, D.
1988. DNA repair mechanisms in Antarctic marine organisms. Antarctic. J. U.S., 23, 114–115.
Kar, A. H., Greenstad, J. J., and Filmor, J. A.
1980. Radiative transfer through an arbitrarily thick, scattering atmosphere.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 24, 391–406.
Kattawa, G. W.
1991. Selected papers on scattering in the atmosphere: methods. In:
SPIE Milestone Series, vol. MS42. SPIE.
Kattawa, G. W., Plas, G. N., and Quin, J. A.
1973. Monte-Carlo calculation of polarization of radiation in the earth's atmosphere–ocean system.
J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3, 353–372.
Kay, Susan, Hedley, John D., and Lavender, Samantha. 2009. Sun glint correction of high and low spatial resolution images of aquatic scenes: a review of methods for visible and near-infrared wavelengths.
Remote Sensing, 1(October), 697–730.
Key, Jeffrey R., and Schweiger, Axel J.
1998. Tools for atmospheric radiative transfer: Streamer and FluxNet. Computers & Geosciences, 24(5), 443–451.
Kieh, J. T., and Briegle, B. P.
1993. The relative roles of sulfate aerosols and greenhouse gases in climate forcing.
Science, 260, 311–314.
Kieh, J. T., and Ramanathan, V.
1983. CO2 radiative parameterization used in climate models: comparison with narrow band models and with laboratory data.
J. Geophys. Res., 88, 5191–5202.
Kieh, J. T., and Trenbert, K. E.
1997. Earth's annual global mean energy budget.
Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 78, 197–208.
Kin, M. D., and Harshvardhan. 1986. Comparative accuracy of selected multiple scattering approximations.
J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 784–801.
King, Michael D., and Arking, Albert. 1984. A model of the radiative properties of the El Chichon stratospheric aerosol layer.
J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 23(7), 1121–1137.
Kirk, J. T. O.
1994. Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems, 2nd ed.
Cambridge University Press.
Klige, D. S., Lewi, J. W., and Randal, C. E.
1990. Elliptical polarizers and retarders.
In: Polarized Light in Optics and Spectroscopy. Academic Press.
Kooper, G. A.A., and Murtag, D. P.
1996. Model studies of the influence of O2 photodissociation parameterizations in the Schumann–Runge bands on ozone related photolysis in the upper atmosphere.
Ann. Geophysicae, 14, 68–79.
Kopp, Greg, and Lean, Judith L.
2011. A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: evidence and climate significance.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 38(1).
Kotchenova, Svetlana Y., and Vermote, Eric F.
2007. Validation of a vector version of the 6S radiative transfer code for atmospheric correction of satellite data. Part II. Homogeneous Lambertian and anisotropic surfaces.
Appl. Opt., 46(20), 4455–4464.
Kotchenova, Svetlana Y., Vermote, Eric F., Matarrese, Raffaella, Klemm Jr, Frank J., et al. 2006. Validation of a vector version of the 6S radiative transfer code for atmospheric correction of satellite data. Part I: Path radiance.
Appl. Opt., 45(26), 6762–6774.
Kou, Linhong, Labrie, Daniel, and Chylek, Petr. 1993. Refractive indices of water and ice in the 0.65 to 2.5-μm spectral range.
Appl. Opt., 32(19), 3531–3540.
Kourganoff, V.
1952. Basic Methods in Transfer Problems. Clarendon Press.
Kyl, T. G.
1991. Atmospheric Transmission, Emission and Scattering. Permagon Press.
Kylling, A.
1992. Radiation Transport in Cloudy and Aerosol Loaded Atmospheres. PhD Thesis – University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA.
Kylling, A., Stamnes, K., and Tsay, S.-C. 1995. A reliable and efficient two-stream algorithm for radiative transfer: documentation of accuracy in realistic layered media.
J. Atmos. Chem., 21, 115–150.
Lacis, A., Hansen, J., and Sato, M.
1992. Climate forcing by stratospheric aerosols.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1607–1610.
Laci, A. A., Chowdhary, J., Mishchenk, M. I., and Cairns, B.
1998. Modeling errors in diffuse-sky radiation: vector vs. scalar treatment.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 135–138.
Lacis, Andrew, Hansen, James, Russell, Gary, Oinas, Valdar, and Jonas, Jeffrey. 2013. The role of long-lived greenhouse gases as principal LW control knob that governs the global surface temperature for past and future climate change.
Tellus B, 65.
Lacis, Andrew A., and Oinas, Valdar. 1991. A description of the correlated k distribution method for modeling nongray gaseous absorption, thermal emission, and multiple scattering in vertically inhomogeneous atmospheres.
J. Geophys. Res., Atmos. (1984–2012), 96(D5), 9027–9063.
Laszlo, Istvan, Stamnes, Knut,Wiscombe, Warren J., and Tsay, Si-Chee. 2016. The discrete ordinate algorithm, DISORT for radiative transfer. Pages 3–65 of: Light Scattering Reviews, vol. 11. Springer, edited by A., Kokhanovsky.
Lee, J.-S., and Meie, R. R.
1980. Angle-dependent frequency distribution in a planeparallel medium: External source case.
Astrophys. J., 240, 185–195.
Lenci, F., Ghetti, F., Colombetti, G., Häder, D.-P., and Pill-Soon, Song
1991. Effects of enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation on aquatic ecosystems. Pages 157–172 of: Biophysics of photoreceptors and photomovements in microorganisms. Springer.
Lenoble, J.
1985. Radiative Transfer in Scattering and Absorbing Atmospheres: Standard Computational Procedures. Deepak.
Lenoble, J.
1993. Atmospheric Radiative Transfer. Deepak.
Lenoble, J., Herman, M., Deuzé, J. L., Lafrance, B., Santer, R., and Tanré, D.
2007. A successive order of scattering code for solving the vector equation of transfer in the Earth's atmosphere with aerosols.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 107(3), 479–507.
Li, W., Stamnes, K., Spurr, R., and Stamne, J. J.
2008. Simultaneous retrieval of aerosols and ocean properties: a classic inverse modeling approach. II. SeaWiFS case study for the Santa Barbara Channel.
Int. J. Rem. Sens., 29, 5689–5698.
Lin, Z., Stamnes, S., Jin, Z., Laszlo, I., Tsa, S. C.,Wiscombe,W. J., and Stamnes, K.
2015. Improved discrete ordinate solutions in the presence of an anisotropically reflecting lower boundary: upgrades of the DISORT computational tool.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 157, 119–134.
Lin, Zhenyi, Li, Wei, Gatebe, Charles, Poudyal, Rajesh, and Stamnes, Knut. 2016. Radiative transfer simulations of the two-dimensional ocean glint reflectance and determination of the sea surface roughness.
Appl. Opt., 55(6), 1206–1215.
Liou, K.-N. 1980. An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation. Academic Press.
Liou, K.-N.
1992. Radiation and Cloud Processes in the Atmosphere. Oxford University Press.
Liou, K.-N., and Takano, Y.
1994. Light scattering by non-spherical particles: remote sensing and climatic implications.
Atmos. Res., 31, 271–298.
Liou, Kuo-Nan. 2002. An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation, vol. 84. Academic Press.
Loisel, H., and Morel, A.
1998. Light scattering and chlorophyll concentration in case 1 waters: a re-examination.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 847–857.
Lommel, E.
1887. Die Photometrie der diffusen Zurückwerfung.
Sitzber. Acad. Wissensch. München, 17, 95–124.
Lubin, D., Frederic, J. E., Boot, C. R., Lucas, T., and Neuschuler, D.
1989. Measurements of enhanced springtime ultraviolet radiation at Palmer Station, Antarctica.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 783–787.
Lyzeng, D. R.
1973. Note on the modified two-stream approximation of Sagan and Pollack.
Icarus, 19, 240–243.
Manabe, S., and Strickle, R. F.
1964. Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a convective adjustment.
J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 361–385.
Margulis, L., and Lovelock, J. E.
1989. Gaia and Geognosy. Pages 1–30 of: Global Ecology. Academic Press.
Maritorena, S., Siegel, D. A., and Peterson, A.
2002. Optimization of a semi-analytical ocean color model for global scale applications.
Appl. Opt., 41(15), 2705–2714.
Masuda, Kazuhiko. 1998. Effects of the speed and direction of surface winds on the radiation in the atmosphere–ocean system.
Remote Sensing of Environment, 64(1), 53–63.
McCartney, E. J.
1976. Optics of the Atmosphere: Scattering by Molecules and Particles. Wiley.
McCave, I. N.
1983. Particulate size spectra, behavior, and origin of nephloid layers over the Nova Scotia continental rise.
J. Geophys. Res., 88, 7647–7660.
McClatchey, R. A., Fenn, W., Selb, J. E.A., Volz, F. E., and Garing, J. S.
1971. Optical Properties of the Atmosphere. AFCRL-71-0279, Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories.
McKellar, A. F., and Box, M. A.
1981. Scaling group of the Radiative Transfer Equation.
J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1063–1068.
Meador, W. E., and Weaver, W. R.
1980. Two-stream approximations to radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres: a unified description.
J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 630–643.
Meier, R. R.
1991. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and remote sensing of the upper atmosphere.
Space Sci. Rev., 58, 1–185.
Meier, R. R., and Lee,, J.-S.
1981. Angle-dependent frequency redistribution: internal source case.
Astrophys. J., 250, 376–383.
Menzel, D. H.
1966. Selected Papers on the Transfer of Radiation. Dover.
Mie, G.
1908. Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, Speziell Kolloidaler Metallösungen.
Annalen der Physik, 25, 377–445.
Mihalas, D.
1978. Stellar Atmospheres. W. H. Freeman.
Mihalas, D.
1985. The computation of radiation transport using Feautrier variables, 1, Static Media.
J. Comput. Phys., 57, 1–25.
Milne, E. A.
1930. Thermodynamics of the stars. Handbuch der Astrophysik, 3, Part I, Chapter 2, pp. 65–255. Springer.
Milne, E. A.
1966. Thermodynamics of the stars. Pages 77–269 of: Selected Papers on the Transfer of Radiation. Dover, edited by D. H., Menzel.
Min, Qilong, and Duan, Minzheng. 2004. A successive order of scattering model for solving vector radiative transfer in the atmosphere.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 87(3), 243–259.
Minnaert, Marcel. 1995. Light and Color in the Outdoors, vol. 17. Springer Science & Business Media.
Minnaert, Marcel Gilles Jozef. 1954. The Nature of Light and Colour in the Open Air Translation. Dover, translated by H. M., Krener-Priest, revised edition edited by K. E., Brian Jay.
Minschwaner, K., Thomas, R. J., and Rusch, D.W.
1995a. Scattered ultraviolet radiation in the upper stratosphere 1: observations.
J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11,157–11, 163.
Minschwaner, K., Anderson, G. P., Hall, L. A., Chetwynd, J. H., R. J., Thomas, D. W., Rusch, Berk, A., and Conant, J. A.
1995b. Scattered ultraviolet radiation in the upper stratosphere 2: models and measurements.
J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11, 165–11, 171.
Mishchenko, Michael I., and Travis, Larry D.
1994. T-matrix computations of light scattering by large spheroidal particles.
Optics Communications, 109(1–2), 16–21.
Mobley, C. D.
1994. Light and Water. Academic Press.
Mobley, C. D., Gentili, B., Gordon, H. R., Jin, Z., Kattawar, G.W., Morel, A., Reinersman, P., Stamnes, K., and Stavn, R. H.
1993. Comparison of numerical models for computing underwater light fields.
Appl. Opt., 32, 7484–7504.
Mobley, C. P., Sundman, L. K., and Boss, E.
2002. Phase function effects on oceanic light fields.
Appl. Opt., 41, 1035–1050.
Möller, F.
1972. Radiation in the atmosphere. Pages 43–71 of: Meteorological Challenges: A History. Information Canada, edited by D. P., McIntyre.
Morel, A.
1974. Optical properties of pure water and pure seawater. Pages 1–24 of: Optical Aspects of Oceanography. Academic Press, edited by N. G., Jerlov and E. S., Nielsen.
Morel, A., and Gentili, B.
1991. Diffuse reflectance of oceanic waters: its dependence on sun angle as influenced by the molecular scattering contribution.
Appl. Opt., 30, 4427– 4437.
Morel, André, Antoine, David, and Gentili, Bernard. 2002. Bidirectional reflectance of oceanic waters: accounting for Raman emission and varying particle scattering phase function.
Appl. Opt., 41(30), 6289–6306.
Morse, P. M., and Feschbach, H.
1950. Methods of Theoretical Physics. Dover.
Myhre, Gunnar, Shindell, Drew, Bréon, François-Marie, Collins, William, Fuglestvedt, Jan, Huang, Jianping, Koch, Dorothy, Lamarque, Jean-François, Lee, David, Mendoza, Blanca, et al. 2013. Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing. Climate Change, 423,
659–740.
Nakajima, T., and Tanaka, M.
1988. Algorithms for radiative intensity calculations in moderately thick atmospheres using a truncation approximation.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 40, 51–69.
Nicolet, M.
1989. Solar spectral irradiances with their diversity between 120 nm and 900 nm.
Planet. Space Sci., 37, 1249–1289.
Ottaviani, Matteo, Spurr, Robert, Stamnes, Knut, Li, Wei, Su, Wenying, and Wiscombe, Warren. 2008. Improving the description of sunglint for accurate prediction of remotely sensed radiances.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 109(14), 2364–2375.
Ozisik, M. N.
1973. Radiative Transfer and Interactions with Conduction and Convection. Wiley-Interscience.
Page, Chester Hall, and Vigoureux, Paul. 1977. The International System of Units (SI). U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards.
Peixoto, J. P., and Oort, A. H.
1992. Physics of Climate. American Institute of Physics.
Pekeris, C. L.
1932. The Development and the Present Status of the Heat Balance of the Atmosphere. MIT Professional Note 5, Massachussuetts Institute of Technology.
Petzold, T. L.
1972. Volume Scattering Functions for Selected OceanWaters. Visibility Lab. Report, Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., 72–78.
Pickard, George L., and Emery, William J.
1990. Descriptive Physical Oceanography: an Introduction. Elsevier.
Planck, M.
1914. The Theory of Heat Radiation. P. Blakiston's Son & Co.
Planck, M.
1991. The Theory of Heat Radiation. Dover.
Plass, G. N., and Kattawar, G. W.
1968. Monte Carlo calculations of light scattering from clouds.
Appl. Opt., 7, 415–419.
Plass, G. N., Kattawar, G.W., and Catchings, F. E.
1973. Matrix operator theory of radiative transfer, I, Rayleigh scattering.
Appl. Opt., 12, 314–329.
Pollack, J. B., Toon, O. B., and Boese, R.
1980. Greenhouse models of Venus' high surface temperature as constrained by Pioneer Venus measurements.
J. Geophys. Res., 85, 8223–8231.
Pope, Robin M., and Fry, Edward S.
1997. Absorption spectrum (380–700 nm) of pure water. II. Integrating cavity measurements.
Appl. Opt., 36(33), 8710–8723.
Preisendorfer, R. W.
1965. Radiative Transfer on Discrete Spaces. Pergamon.
Ramanathan, V.
1982. Commentary. Pages 278–283 of: Carbon Dioxide Review. Clarendon Press, edited by W. C., Clark.
Ramanathan, V., Cicerone, R. J., Singh, H. B., and Kiehl, J. T.
1985. Trace gas trends and their potential role in climate change.
J. Geophys. Res., 90, 5547–5566.
Ramanathan, V., Cess, R. D., Harrison, E. F., Minnis, P., Barkstrom, B. R., Ahmad, E., and Hartmann, D.
1989. Radiative cloud forcing and climate: results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment.
Science, 243, 57–63.
Rampino, M. R., and Self, S.
1993. Climate-volcanism feedback and the Toba eruption of ~ 74,000 years ago.
Quaternary Res., 40, 269–280.
Raschke, E.
1980. Terminology and Units of Radiation Quantities and Measurements. Radiation Commission (IAMAP), Boulder, Colorado.
Rayleigh, L.
1920a. A re-examination of the light scattered by gases in respect of polarization. I. Experiments on the common gases.
Proc. Roy. Soc., 98, 435–450.
Rayleigh, L.
1920b. A re-examination of the light scattered by gases in respect of polarization. II. Experiments on helium and argon.
Proc. Roy. Soc., 98, 57–64.
Reif, F.
1965. Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics. McGraw-Hill.
Ricchiazzi, Paul, Yang, Shiren, Gautier, Catherine, and Sowle, David. 1998. SBDART: a research and teaching software tool for plane-parallel radiative transfer in the Earth's atmosphere.
Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 79(10), 2101–2114.
Rodgers, C. D.
2000. Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Sounding: Theory and Practice. World Scientific.
Rothman, L. S., Goldman, A., Gillis, J. R., Gamache, R. R., Pickett, H. M., Poynter, R. L., Husson, N., and Chedin, A.
1983. AFGL trace gas compilation: 1982 version.
Appl. Opt., 22(11), 1616–1627.
Rothman, Laurence S., Gamache, R. R., Tipping, R. H., Rinsland, C. P., Smit, M. A.H., Benner, D. Chris, Devi, V. Malathy, Flaud, J.-M., Camy-Peyret, C., Perrin, A., et al. 1992. The HITRAN molecular database: editions of 1991 and 1992. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 48(5-6), 469–507.
Rothman, Laurence S., Gordon, Iouli E., Babikov, Yury, Barbe, Alain, Benner, D. Chris, Bernath, Peter F., Birk, Manfred, Bizzocchi, Luca, Boudon, Vincent, Brown, Linda R., et al. 2013. The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 130, 4–50.
Rottman, G. J., Woods, T. N., and Sparn, T. P.
1993. Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment I. Instrument design and operation.
J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,667–10,678.
Ruddick, K., Bouchra, N., and collaborators. 2013. Coastcoulor Round Robin – Final Report. ftp://ccrropen@ftp.coestcolour.org/\RoundRobin/CCRRreport.pdf with annex: ftp://ccrropen@ftp.coastcolour.org/RoundRobin/\CCRR_report_OCSMART.pdf.
Russell, J. M. III, Gordley, L. L., Park, J. H., Drayson, S. R., Hesketh, W. D., Cicerone, R. J., Tuck, A. F., Frederick, J. E., Harries, J. E., and Crutzen, P. J.
1993. The Halogen Occultation Experiment.
J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,777–10,797.
Rybicki, R. G., and Lightman, A. P.
1979. Radiative Processes in Astrophysics. Wiley.
Schuster, A.
1905. Radiation through a foggy atmosphere.
Ap. J., 21, 1–22.
Schwarzschild, K.
1906. On the equilibrium of the Sun's Atmosphere.
Nachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. Math.-phys. Klasse, 195, 41–53.
Scott, N. A., and Chedin, A.
1981. A fast line-by-line method for atmospheric absorption computations: the automated atmospheric absorption atlas.
J. Appl. Meteorol., 20, 801–812.
Segelstein, D. J.
1981. The Complex Refractive Index of Water. M.S. Thesis – Department of Physics. University of Missouri–Kansas City.
Shaw, Joseph A., and Churnside, James H.
1997. Scanning-laser glint measurements of sea-surface slope statistics.
Appl. Opt., 36(18), 4202–4213.
Shettle, E. P., and Weinman, J. A.
1970. The transfer of solar irradiance through inhomogeneous turbid atmospheres evaluated by Eddington's approximation.
J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 1048–1055.
Shu, F. H.
1991. The Physics of Astrophysics, vol. 1. Radiation. University Science Books.
Siegel, R., and Howell, J. R.
1992. Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 3rd ed.
Hemisphere.
Smith, R. C., and Baker, K. S.
1981. Optical properties of the clearest natural waters (200–800 nm).
Appl. Optics, 36, 177–184.
Smith, R. C., and Baker, K. S.
1989. Stratospheric ozone, middle ultraviolet radiation and phytoplankton productivity.
Oceanogr. Mag., 2, 4–11.
Smith, R. C., Prezelin, B. B., Baker, K. S., Bidigare, R. R., Boucher, N. P., Coley, T., Karentz, D., McIntyre, S., Matlick, H. A., Menzies, D., Ondrusek, M., Wan, Z., and Waters, K. J.
1992. Ozone depletion: ultraviolet radiation and phytoplankton biology in Antarctic waters.
Science, 255, 952–959.
Sobolev, V. V.
1963. A Treatise on Radiative Transfer. D. Van Nostrand.
Sobolev, V. V.
1975. Light Scattering in Planetary Atmospheres (translation of Rasseianie sveta v atmosferakh planet, Moscow, IzdatelÕstvo Nauka, 1972). Pergamon Press (International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy, vol. 76), 263, 1.
Sogandares, Frank M., and Fry, Edward S.
1997. Absorption spectrum (340–640 nm) of pure water. I. Photothermal measurements.
Appl. Opt., 36(33), 8699–8709.
Solomon, S.
1990. Progress towards a quantitative understanding of Antarctic ozone depletion.
Nature, 347, 347–354.
Stamnes, K.
1982. Reflection and transmission by a vertically inhomogeneous planetary atmosphere.
Planet. Space Sci., 30, 727–732.
Stamnes, K.
1986. The theory of multiple scattering in plane parallel atmospheres.
Rev. Geophys., 71, 299–310.
Stamnes, K., and Conklin, P.
1984. A new multi-layer discrete ordinate approach to radiative transfer in vertically inhomogeneous atmospheres.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 31, 273–282.
Stamnes, K., and Stamnes, J. J.
2015. Radiative Transfer in Coupled Environmental Systems. Wiley-VCH.
Stamnes, K., Tsay, S. C., Wiscombe, W. J., and Jayaweera, K.
1988a. Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media. Appl. Opt., 27, 2502–2509.
Stamnes, K., Pegau, S., and Frederick, J.
1990. Uncertainties in total ozone amounts inferred from zenith sky observations: implications for ozone trend analyses.
J. Geophys. Res., 45, 16,523–16,528.
Stamnes, K., Slusser, J., and Bowen, M.
1991. Derivation of total ozone abundance and cloud effects from spectral irradiance measurements.
Appl. Opt., 30, 4418–4426.
Stamnes, K., Jin, Z., Slusser, J., Booth, C. R., and Lucas, T.
1992. Several-fold enhancement of biologically effective ultraviolet radiation at McMurdo Station Antarctica during the 1990 ozone hole.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1013–1016.
Stamnes, K., Tsay, S. C., Wiscombe, W. J., and Laszlo, I.
2000. DISORT, a General- Purpose Fortran Program for Discrete-Ordinate-Method Radiative Transfer in Scattering and Emitting Layered Media: Documentation of Methodology. NASA report, lllab.phy.stevens.edu/disort/.
Stamnes, K., Hamre, B., Stamnes, J. J., Ryzhikov, G., Birylina, M.,Mahoney, R., Hauss, B., and Sei, A.
2011. Modeling of radiation transport in coupled atmosphere–snow–ice– ocean systems.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 112, 714–726.
Stamnes, Knut, Tsay, Si-Chee, and Nakajima, Teruyuki. 1988b. Computation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors for the discrete ordinate and matrix operator methods in radiative transfer.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 39(5), 415–419.
Steinmetz, Francois, Deschamps, Pierre-Yves, and Ramon, Didier. 2011. Atmospheric correction in presence of sun glint: application toMERIS.
Opt. Express, 19(10), 9783– 9800.
Stephens, G. L.
1980. Radiative transfer on a linear lattice: application to anisotropic ice crystals clouds.
J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2095–2104.
Stephens, G. L.
1984. Parameterization of radiation for numerical weather prediction and climate models.
Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 826–867.
Stephens, G. L.
1990. On the relationship between water vapor over the oceans and sea surface temperature.
J. Clim., 3, 634–645.
Stephens, G. L., and Greenwald, T. J.
1991. The Earth's radiation budget and its relation to atmospheric hydrology. 1. Observations of the clear sky greenhouse effect.
J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15,311–15,324.
Stokes, G.
1862. On the intensity of the light reflected from or transmitted through a pile of plates.
Proc. R. Soc. London, 11, 545–556.
Stone, J. M.
1963. Radiation and Optics, an Introduction to the Classical Theory. McGraw- Hill.
Strickland, D. J.
1979. The transport of the resonance radiation in a non-isothermal medium: the effect of a varying Doppler width.
J. Geophys. Res., 84, 5890–5896.
Strickland, D. J., and Donahue, T. M.
1970. Excitation and radiative transport of OI 1304 A radiation, 1, The dayglow.
Planet. Space Sci., 18, 661–689.
Sykes, J. B.
1951. Approximate integration of the equation of transfer.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 111, 377–386.
Takano, Y., and Liou, K. N.
1995. Radiative transfer in cirrus clouds. Part III: Light scattering by irregular ice crystals.
J. Atmos. Sci., 52(7), 818–837.
Tanaka, M., and Nakajima, T.
1986. Matrix formulations for the transfer of solar radiation in a plane-parallel scattering atmosphere.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 28, 13–21.
Taylor, B. N., Parker, W. H., and Langenberg, D. N.
1969. Determination of e h, using macroscopic quantum phase coherence in superconductors: implications for quantum electrodynamics and the fundamental physical constants.
Reviews of Modern Physics, 41(3), 375.
Tomasko, M.
1983. The thermal balance of the lower atmosphere of Venus. Pages 355–362 of: Venus. University of Arizona Press, edited by D. M., Hunten et al.
Toon, O. B., McKay, C. P., Ackerman, T. P., and Santhanam, K.
1989. Rapid calculation of radiative heating rates and photodissociation rates in inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres.
J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16287–1630.
Trenberth, K., Fasullo, J., and Kiehl, J.
2009. Earth's global energy budget.
Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 90, 311–323.
Tsay, S.-C., Stamnes, K., and Jayaweera, K.
1990. Longwave band model for thermal radiation in climate studies.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 43, 133–148.
Tsay, Si-Chee, and Stamnes, Knut. 1992. Ultraviolet radiation in the Arctic: the impact of potential ozone depletions and cloud effects.
J. Geophys. Res., Atmos., 97(D8), 7829–7840.
Twomey, S., Jacobowitz, H., and Howell, J.
1966. Matrix methods for multiple scattering problems.
J. Atmos. Sci., 23, 289–296.
Uchiyama, A.
1992. Line-by-line computation of the atmospheric absorption spectrum using the decomposed Voigt line shape.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiative Transfer, 47, 521–532.
UNESCO. 1985. The International System of Units (SI) in Oceanography, Report of the IAPSO Working Group on Symbols, Units and Nomenclature in Physical Oceanography, UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science. IAPSO Scientific Publication No. 32.
van de Hulst, H. C.
1957. Light Scattering by Small Particles. Wiley.
van de Hulst, H. C.
1980. Multiple Light Scattering: Tables, Formulas, and Applications. Academic Press.
van de Hulst, H. C.
1981. Light Scattering by Small Particles. Dover.
van de Hulst, H. C., and Grossman, K.
1968. Multiple light scattering in planetary atmospheres. Pages 35–55 of: The Atmospheres of Venus and Mars. Gordon and Breach, edited by J. C., Brandt and M. V., McElroy.
Veverka, J., Goguen, J., Yange, S., and Elliot, J.
1978. Scattering of light from particulate surfaces I. A laboratory assessment of multiple scattering effects.
Icarus, 34, 406–414.
Voigt, S., Orphal, J., Bogumil, K., and Burrows, J. P.
2001. The temperature dependence (203–293 K) of the absorption cross sections of O 3 in the 230–850 nm region measured by Fourier-transform spectroscopy.
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 143(1), 1–9.
Walsh, Edward J., Vandemark, Douglas C., Friehe, Carl A., Burns, Sean P., Khelif, Djamal, Swift, Robert, N., and Scott, John F.
1998. Measuring sea surface mean square slope with a 36-GHz scanning radar altimeter.
J. Geophys. Res., Oceans (1978–2012), 103(C6), 12587–12601.
Wang, Menghua. 2002. The Rayleigh lookup tables for the SeaWiFS data processing: accounting for the effects of ocean surface roughness.
Int. J. Remote Sens., 23(13), 2693–2702.
Wang, Menghua, and Bailey, Sean W.
2001. Correction of sun glint contamination on the SeaWiFS ocean and atmosphere products.
Appl. Opt., 40(27), 47902–47908.
Warren, Stephen G., and Brandt, Richard E.
2008. Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave: a revised compilation.
J. Geophys. Res., Atmos., 113(D14).
Waterman, P. C.
1981. Matrix-exponential description of radiative transfer.
J. Opt. Soc. Am., 71, 410–422.
Wendisch, Manfred, and Yang, Ping.
2012. Theory of Atmospheric Radiative Transfer. John Wiley & Sons.
West, R., Crisp, D., and Chen, L.
1990. Mapping transformations for broadband atmospheric radiation calculations.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 43, 191–199.
Whittaker, E. T., and Watson, G. N.
1915. Modern Analysis. Cambridge University Press.
Wick, G. C.
1943. Über ebene Diffusionsprobleme.
Zeit. f. Phys., 121, 702–718.
Wiscombe, W. J.
1977a. The Delta-Eddington Approximation for a Vertically Inhomogeneous Atmosphere. NCAR Tech. Note: NCAR/TN-121+STR. NCAR.
Wiscombe, W. J.
1977b. The delta-M method: rapid yet accurate radiative flux calculations for strongly asymmetric phase functions.
J. Atm. Sci., 34, 1408–1422.
Wiscombe, W. J.
1980. Improved Mie scattering algorithms.
Appl. Opt., 19, 1505–1509.
Wiscombe, W. J.
1983. Atmospheric radiation: 1975-1983.
Rev. Geophys., 21, 997–1021.
Wiscombe, W. J., and Evans, J. W.
1977. Exponential-sum fitting of radiative transmission functions.
J. Comput. Phys., 24(4), 416–444.
Wiscombe, W. J., and Grams, G. W.
1976. The backscattered fraction in two-stream approximations.
J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2440–2451.
Wiscombe, W. J., and Joseph, J. H.
1977. The range of validity of the Eddington approximation.
Icarus, 32, 362–377.
Worrest, R. C.
1986. The effect of solar UV-B radiation on aquatic systems: an overview. Pages 175–191 of: Effects of Changes in Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate, Overview. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and United Nations Environmental Program, edited by J. G., Titus.
Wu, Jin.
1990. Mean square slopes of the wind-disturbed water surface, their magnitude, directionality, and composition.
Radio Science, 25(1), 37–48.
Wu, Jin. 1991. Effects of atmospheric stability on ocean ripples: a comparison between optical and microwave measurements.
J. Geophys. Res., Oceans (1978–2012), 96(C4), 7265–7269.
Xu, Feng, Davis, Anthony B., West, Robert A., and Esposito, Larry W.
2011a. Markov chain formalism for polarized light transfer in plane-parallel atmospheres, with numerical comparison to the Monte Carlo method.
Opt. Express, 19(2), 946–967.
Xu, Feng, Davis, Anthony B., West, Robert A., Martonchik, John V., and Diner, David J.
2011b. Markov chain formalism for vector radiative transfer in a plane-parallel atmosphere overlying a polarizing surface.
Opt. Lett., 36(11), 2083–2085.
Xu, Feng, West, Robert A., and Davis, Anthony B.
2013. A hybrid method for modeling polarized radiative transfer in a spherical-shell planetary atmosphere.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 117, 59–70.
Yang, Ping, and Liou, K. N.
1996a. Finite-difference time domain method for light scattering by small ice crystals in three-dimensional space.
JOSA A, 13(10), 2072–2085.
Yang, Ping, and Liou, K. N.
1996b. Geometric-optics–integral-equation method for light scattering by nonspherical ice crystals.
Appl. Opt., 35(33), 6568–6584.
Yang, Ping, Bi, Lei, Baum, Bryan A., Liou, Kuo-Nan, Kattawar, George W., Mishchenko, Michael I., and Cole, Benjamin. 2013. Spectrally consistent scattering, absorption, and polarization properties of atmospheric ice crystals at wavelengths from 0.2 to 100 μm.
J. Atmos. Sci., 70(1), 330–347.
Yanovitskij, E. G.
1997. Light Scattering in Inhomogeneous Atmospheres. Springer.
Young, A. T.
1982. Rayleigh scattering.
Physics Today, 35, 42–48.
Yurkin, Maxim A., and Hoekstra, Alfons G.
2011. The discrete-dipole-approximation code ADDA: capabilities and known limitations.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 112(13), 2234–2247.
Zahn, M.
1979. Electromagnetic Theory, A Problem Solving Approach. Wiley.
Zdunkovski, W., Trautmann, T., and Bott, A.
2007. Radiation in the Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press.
Zdunkowski, W. G., Welch, R. M., and Korb, G.
1980. An investigation of the structure of typical two-stream-methods for the calculation of solar fluxes and heating rates in clouds. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 53, 147–166.
Zdunkowski, Wilford, Trautmann, Thomas, and Bott, Andreas. 2007. Radiation in the Atmosphere: a Course in Theoretical Meteorology. Cambridge University Press.
Zender, C. S., and Kiehl, J. T.
1994. Radiative sensitivities of tropical anvils to small ice crystals.
J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25,869–25,880.
Zeng, J., McKenzie, R., Stamnes, K., Wineland, M., and Rosen, J.
1994. Measured UV spectra compared with discrete ordinate method simulations.
J. Geophys. Res., 99, 23019–23030.
Zhai, Peng-Wang, Hu, Yongxiang, Trepte, Charles R., and Lucker, Patricia L.
2009. A vector radiative transfer model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems based on successive order of scattering method.
Optics Express, 17(4), 2057–2079.
Zhai, Peng-Wang, Hu, Yongxiang, Chowdhary, Jacek, Trepte, Charles R., Lucker, Patricia L., and Josset, Damien B.
2010. A vector radiative transfer model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems with a rough interface.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 111(7), 1025–1040.
Zhang, Hao, and Wang, Menghua. 2010. Evaluation of sun glint models using MODIS measurements.
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 111(3), 492–506.
Zhang, W., and Haigh, J. D.
1995. Improved broadband emissivity for water vapor cooling rate calculations.
J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 124–138.
Zibordi, Giuseppe, Mélin, Frédéric, Berthon, Jean-François, Holben, Brent, Slutsker, Ilya, Giles, David, D'Alimonte, Davide, Vandemark, Doug, Feng, Hui, Schuster, Gregory, et al. 2009. AERONET-OC: a network for the validation of ocean color primary products.
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 26(8), 1634–1651.