Book contents
- Quality Management in Intensive CareA Practical Guide
- Quality Management in Intensive Care
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Introduction
- Section 1 Quality management of patient care
- Section 2 Quality management of the ICU
- Section 3 Quality management on the national (and international) level
- Epilogue
- Index
- References
Section 1 - Quality management of patient care
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 February 2016
Book contents
- Quality Management in Intensive CareA Practical Guide
- Quality Management in Intensive Care
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Introduction
- Section 1 Quality management of patient care
- Section 2 Quality management of the ICU
- Section 3 Quality management on the national (and international) level
- Epilogue
- Index
- References
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Quality Management in Intensive CareA Practical Guide, pp. 1 - 94Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2016
References
References
Donchin, Y., Gopher, D., Olin, M., et al. A look into the nature and causes of human errors in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 1995; 23(2): 294–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bourne, L.E., Yaroush, R.A. Stress and cognition: a cognitive psychological perspective. Technical report NAG2-1561, 2003.Google Scholar
Sexton, J.B., Thomas, E.J., Helmreich, R.L. Error, stress, and teamwork in medicine and aviation: cross sectional surveys. BMJ 2000; 320(7237): 745–749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hockey, G.R., Sauer, J. Cognitive fatigue and complex decision making under prolonged isolation and confinement. Adv Space Biol Med 1996; 5: 309–330.Google Scholar
Hales, B.M., Pronovost, P.J. The checklist: a tool for error management and performance improvement. J Crit Care 2006; 21(3): 231–235.Google Scholar
Harrahill, M., Bartkus, E. Preparing the trauma patient for transfer. J Emerg Nurs 1990; 16(1): 25–28.Google ScholarPubMed
Hart, E.M., Owen, H. Errors and omissions in anesthesia: a pilot study using a pilot’s checklist. Anesth Analg 2005; 101(1): 246–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pronovost, P., Needham, D., Berenholtz, S., et al. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med 2006; 355(26): 2725–2732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winters, B.D., Gurses, A.P., Lehmann, H., Sexton, J.B., Rampersad, C.J., Pronovost, P.J. Clinical review: checklists – translating evidence into practice. Crit Care 2009; 13(6): 210.Google Scholar
Apfelbaum, J.L., Hagberg, C.A., Caplan, R.A., et al. Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway. Anesthesiology 2013; 118(2): 251–270.Google ScholarPubMed
Hales, B., Terblanche, M., Fowler, R., Sibbald, W. Development of medical checklists for improved quality of patient care. Int J Qual Health Care 2008; 20(1): 22–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doran, G.T. There’s a SMART way to write management’s goals and objectives. Manage Rev 1981; 70(11): 35–36.Google Scholar
Pronovost, P.J., Berenholtz, S.M., Needham, D.M. Translating evidence into practice: a model for large scale knowledge translation. BMJ 2008; 337: a1714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Surowiecki, J. The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many are Smarter than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations, New York: Doubleday, 2004.Google Scholar
Schwarb, H., Nail, J., Schumacher, E.H. Working memory training improves visual short-term memory capacity. Psychol Res 2015, Epub.Google ScholarPubMed
Lorist, M.M., Boksem, M.A., Ridderinkhof, K.R. Impaired cognitive control and reduced cingulate activity during mental fatigue. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2005; 24(2): 199–205.Google Scholar
Schwartz, J.M., Nelson, K.L., Saliski, M., Hunt, E.A., Pronovost, P.J. The daily goals communication sheet: a simple and novel tool for improved communication and care. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2008; 34(10): 608–613.Google Scholar
Pronovost, P.J., Watson, S.R., Goeschel, C.A., Hyzy, R.C., Berenholtz, S.M. Sustaining reductions in central line-associated bloodstream infections in Michigan intensive care units: a 10-year analysis. Am J Med Qual 2015, Epub.Google Scholar
Bion, J., Richardson, A., Hibbert, P., et al. “Matching Michigan”: a 2-year stepped interventional programme to minimise central venous catheter-blood stream infections in intensive care units in England. BMJ Qual Saf 2013; 22(2): 110–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palomar, M., Alvarez-Lerma, F., Riera, A., et al. Impact of a national multimodal intervention to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infection in the ICU: the Spanish experience. Crit Care Med 2013; 41(10): 2364–2372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Latif, A., Kelly, B., Edrees, H., et al. Implementing a multifaceted intervention to decrease central line-associated bloodstream infections in SEHA (Abu Dhabi Health Services Company) intensive care units: the Abu Dhabi experience. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015, in press.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dixon-Woods, M., Bosk, C.L., Aveling, E.L., Goeschel, C.A., Pronovost, P.J. Explaining Michigan: developing an ex post theory of a quality improvement program. Milbank Q 2011; 89(2): 167–205.Google Scholar
Berwick, D.M. A primer on leading the improvement of systems. BMJ 1996; 312(7031): 619–622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
References
Pannick, S., Beveridge, I., Wachter, R.M., Sevdalis, N. Improving the quality and safety of care on the medical ward: a review and synthesis of the evidence base. Eur J Intern Med. 2014; 25: 874–887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartog, C.S., Benbenishty, J. Understanding nurse–physician conflicts in the ICU. Intensive Care Med. 2015; 41: 331–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pronovost, P., Berenholtz, S., Dorman, T., Lipsett, P.A., Simmonds, T., Haraden, C. Improving communication in the ICU using daily goals. J Crit Care. 2003; 18: 71–75.Google Scholar
Rawat, N., Berenholtz, S. Daily goals: not just another piece of paper. Crit Care Med. 2014; 42: 1940–1941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kosnik, L.K. The new paradigm of crew resource management: just what is needed to re-engage the stalled collaborative movement? Jt Comm J Qual Improv. 2002; 28: 235–241.Google ScholarPubMed
Dodek, P.M.,Raboud, J. Explicit approach to rounds in an ICU improves communication and satisfaction of providers. Intensive Care Med. 2003; 29: 1584–1588.Google Scholar
Manser, T. Teamwork and patient safety in dynamic domains of healthcare: a review of the literature. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009; 53: 143–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lane, D., Ferri, M., Lemaire, J., McLaughlin, K., Stelfox, H.T. A systematic review of evidence-informed practices for patient care rounds in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2013; 41: 2015–2029.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karalapillai, D., Baldwin, I., Dunnachie, G., et al. Improving communication of the daily care plan in a teaching hospital intensive care unit. Crit Care Resusc. 2013; 15: 97–102.Google Scholar
Agarwal, S., Frankel, L., Tourner, S., McMillan, A., Sharek, P.J. Improving communication in a pediatric intensive care unit using daily patient goal sheets. J Crit Care. 2008; 23: 227–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rehder, K.J., Uhl, T.L., Meliones, J.N., Turner, D.A., Smith, P.B., Mistry, K.P. Targeted interventions improve shared agreement of daily goals in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012; 13: 6–10.Google Scholar
Siegele, P. Enhancing outcomes in a surgical intensive care unit by implementing daily goals tools. Crit Care Nurse. 2009; 29: 58–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Centofanti, J.E., Duan, E.H., Hoad, N.C., et al. Use of a daily goals checklist for morning ICU rounds: a mixed-methods study. Crit Care Med. 2014; 42: 1797–1803.Google Scholar
Seigel, J., Whalen, L., Burgess, E., et al. Successful implementation of standardized multidisciplinary bedside rounds, including daily goals, in a pediatric ICU. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2014; 40: 83–90.Google Scholar
Bion, J.F., Abrusci, T., Hibbert, P. Human factors in the management of the critically ill patient. Br J Anaesth. 2010; 105: 26–33.Google Scholar
Zwarenstein, M., Goldman, J., Reeves, S. Interprofessional collaboration: effects of practice-based interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009: CD000072.Google ScholarPubMed
Collins, S.A., Bakken, S., Vawdrey, D.K., Coiera, E., Currie, L.M. Agreement between common goals discussed and documented in the ICU. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2011; 18: 45–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berwick, D.M. Developing and testing changes in delivery of care. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128: 651–656.Google Scholar
Francke, A.L., Smit, M.C., de Veer, A.J., Mistiaen, P. Factors influencing the implementation of clinical guidelines for health care professionals: a systematic meta-review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2008; 8: 38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khorfan, F. Daily goals checklist: a goal-directed method to eliminate nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit. J Healthc Qual. 2008; 30: 13–17.Google Scholar
Braun, J.P., Kumpf, O., Deja, M., et al. The German quality indicators in intensive care medicine 2013: second edition. Ger Med Sci. 2013; 11: Doc09.Google ScholarPubMed
References
Martin, J., Braun, J.P. Quality management in intensive care medicine. Anaesthesist. 2014; 108: 521–529.Google Scholar
Valentin, A., Ferdinande, P. Recommendations on basic requirements for intensive care units: structural and organizational aspects. Intensive Care Med. 2011. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-011-2300-7Google Scholar
Linnemann, Birgit. Management of complications related to central venous catheters in cancer patients: an update. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2014; 40: 382–394.Google Scholar
Trerotola, S.O., Kuhn-Fulton, J., Johnson, M.S., Shah, H., Ambrosius, W.T., Kneebone, P. Tunneled infusion catheters: increased incidence of symptomatic venous thrombosis after subclavian versus internal jugular venous access. Radiology. 2000; 217: 89–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Grady, N.P., Alexander, M., Burns, L.A., et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52: e162–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frykholm, P., Pikwer, A., Hammarskjöld, F., et al. Clinical guidelines on central venous catheterisation: Swedish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014; 58: 508–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peris, A., Zagli, G., Bonizzoli, M., et al. Implantation of 3951 long-term central venous catheters: performances, risk analysis, and patient comfort after ultrasound-guidance introduction. Anesth Analg. 2010; 111: 194–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NICE. Guidance on the use of ultrasound locating devices for placing central venous catheters. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta49.Google Scholar
Ferre, R.O., Mercier, M. Novel ultrasound guidance system for real-time central venous cannulation: safety and efficacy. West J Emerg Med. 2014; 15: 536–540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
French, J.L., Raine-Fenning, N.J., Hardman, J.G., Bedforth, N.M. Pitfalls of ultrasound guided vascular access: the use of three/four-dimensional ultrasound. Anaesthesia. 2008; 63: 806–813.Google Scholar
Yacopetti, N., Davidson, P., Blacka, J., Spencer, T. Preventing contamination at the time of central venous catheter insertion: a literature review and recommendations for clinical practice. J Clin Nurse. 2013; 22: 611–620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shapey, I.M., Foster, M.A., Whitehouse, T., Jumaa, P., Bion, J.F. Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections: improving post-insertion catheter care. J Hosp Infect. 2009; 71: 117–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kagan, R.J., Neely, A.N., Rieman, M.T., et al. A performance improvement initiative to determine the impact of increasing the time interval between changing centrally placed intravascular catheters. J Burn Care Res. 2014; 35: 143–147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marik, P.E., Flemmer, M., Harrison, W. The risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection with femoral venous catheters as compared to subclavian and internal jugular venous catheters: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2012; 40: 2479–2485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Timsit, J.F., Bouadma, L., Mimoz, O., et al. Jugular versus femoral short-term catheterization and risk of infection in intensive care unit patients: causal analysis of two randomized trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013; 15: 1232–1239.Google Scholar
Schiffer, C.A., Mangu, P.B., Wade, J.C., et al. Central venous catheter care for the patient with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31: 1357–1370.Google Scholar
Timsit, J.F., Dubois, Y., Minet, C., et al. New materials and devices for preventing catheter-related infections. Ann Intensive Care. 2011; 18: 34.Google Scholar
Gozu, A., Clay, C., Younus, F. Hospital-wide reduction in central line-associated bloodstream infections: a tale of two small community hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011; 32: 619–622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sihler, K.C., Chenoweth, C., Zalewski, C., Wahl, W., Hyzy, R., Napolitano, L.M. Catheter-related vs. catheter-associated blood stream infections in the intensive care unit: incidence, microbiology, and implications. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2010; 11: 529–534.Google Scholar
Lorente, L., Martín, M.M., Vidal, P., Rebollo, S., Ostabal, M.I., Solé-Violán, J. Should central venous catheter be systematically removed in patients with suspected catheter related infection? Crit Care. 2014; 18: 564.Google Scholar
Borchardt, R.A., Raad, I. Bloodstream infections: the risks and benefits of intravascular catheters. JAAPA. 2012; 25: 21–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pronovost, P., Needham, D., Berenholtz, S., et al. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Eng J Med. 2006; 355: 2725–2732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Surveillance, National Nosocomial Infections. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) report data summary from January 1992 through June 2004. Am J Infect Control, 2004; 32: 470–485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bion, J., Richardson, A., Hibbert, P., et al. ‘Matching Michigan’: a 2-year stepped interventional programme to minimise central venous catheter-blood stream infections in intensive care units in England. BMJ Qual Saf. 2013; 22: 110–123.Google Scholar
Longmate, A.G., Ellis, K.S., Boyle, L., et al. Elimination of central-venous-catheter-related bloodstream infections from the intensive care unit. BMJ Qual Saf. 2011; 20;174–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, L., Keogh, S., Rickard, C.M. Reducing the risk of infection associated with vascular access devices through nanotechnology: a perspective. Int J Nanomedicine. 2013; 8: 4453–4466.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
References
Guidelines International Network. International Guideline Library. 2014. www.g-i-n.net/library/international-guidelines-library (accessed 18 November 2014).Google Scholar
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). National Guideline Clearinghouse. 2014. www.guideline.gov/search/advanced-search.aspx (accessed 18 November 2014).Google Scholar
AWMF online. Das Portal der wissenschaftlichen Medizin. Leitliniensuche. 2014. www.awmf.org/leitlinien/aktuelle-leitlinien.html (accessed 18 November 2014).Google Scholar
Atkins, D, Eccles, M, Flottorp, S, et al. Systems for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations I: critical appraisal of existing approaches. The GRADE Working Group. BMC Health Serv Res. 2004; 4(1): 38.Google Scholar
Petrie, JC, Grimshaw, JM, Bryson, A. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Initiative: getting validated guidelines into local practice. Health Bulletin. 1995; 53(6): 345–348.Google Scholar
Brouwers, MC, Kho, ME, Browman, GP, et al. Development of the AGREE II, part 1: performance, usefulness and areas for improvement. CMAJ. 2010; 182(10): 1045–1052.Google Scholar
Brouwers, MC, Kho, ME, Browman, GP, et al. Development of the AGREE II, part 2: assessment of validity of items and tools to support application. CMAJ. 2010; 182(10): E472–478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dellinger, RP, Townsend, SR. Point: are the best patient outcomes achieved when ICU bundles are rigorously adhered to? Yes. Chest. 2013; 144(2): 372–374.Google Scholar
Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI). What is a bundle? 2014. www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/ImprovementStories/WhatIsaBundle.aspx (accessed 18 November 2014).Google Scholar
Wollersheim, H, Burgers, J, Grol, R. Clinical guidelines to improve patient care. Neth J Med. 2005; 63(6): 188–192.Google Scholar
Grol, R, Grimshaw, J. From best evidence to best practice: effective implementation of change in patients’ care. Lancet. 2003; 362(9391): 1225–1230.Google Scholar
Cabana, MD, Rand, CS, Powe, NR, et al. Why don’t physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A framework for improvement. JAMA. 1999; 282(15): 1458–1465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, J, Heymann, A, Basell, K, et al. Evidence and consensus-based German guidelines for the management of analgesia, sedation and delirium in intensive care: short version. Ger Med Sci. 2010; 8: Doc02.Google ScholarPubMed
Barr, J, Fraser, GL, Puntillo, K, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2013; 41(1): 263–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curtis, JR, Cook, DJ, Wall, RJ, et al. Intensive care unit quality improvement: a ‘how-to’ guide for the interdisciplinary team. Crit Care Med. 2006; 34(1): 211–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Resar, R, Pronovost, P, Haraden, C, et al. Using a bundle approach to improve ventilator care processes and reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia. Jt Com J Qual Patient Saf. 2005; 31(5): 243–248.Google ScholarPubMed
Dellinger, RP, Levy, MM, Carlet, JM, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med. 2008; 36(1): 296–327.Google Scholar
van Zanten, AR, Brinkman, S, Arbous, MS, et al. Guideline bundles adherence and mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2014; 42(8): 1890–1898.Google Scholar
Balzer, F, Weiss, B, Kumpf, O, et al. Early deep sedation is associated with decreased in-hospital and two-year follow-up survival. Crit Care. 2015; 19(1): 197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sinuff, T, Muscedere, J, Adhikari, NK, et al. Knowledge translation interventions for critically ill patients: a systematic review. Crit Care Med. 2013; 41(11): 2627–2640.Google Scholar
Grol, R, Wensing, M. What drives change? Barriers to and incentives for achieving evidence-based practice. Med J Aust. 2004; 180(6 Suppl): S57–60.Google Scholar
References
Vincent, J.L. Nosocomial infections in adult intensive-care units. Lancet 2003; 361: 2068–2077.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allegranzi, B., Bagheri Nejad, S., Combescure, C., et al. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2011; 377: 228–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horan, T.C., Andrus, M., Dudeck, M.A. CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 2008; 36: 309–332.Google Scholar
Hospitals in Europe Link for Infection Control through Surveillance (HELICS) Surveillance of Nosocomial infections in intensive care units: master protocol. 2004. http://helics.univ-lyon1.fr/helicshome.htm (accessed 30 October 2012).Google Scholar
Hansen, S., Sohr, D., Geffers, C., et al. Concordance between European and US case definitions of healthcare-associated infections. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2012; 1: 28.Google Scholar
Klompas, M., Kleinman, K., Khan, Y., et al. Rapid and reproducible surveillance for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54: 370–377.Google Scholar
Vincent, J.L., Bihari, D.J., Suter, P.M., et al. The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe: results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee. JAMA 1995; 274: 639–644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vincent, J.L., Rello, J., Marshall, J., et al. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA 2009; 302: 2323–2329.Google Scholar
Dudeck, M.A., Weiner, L.M., Allen-Bridson, K., et al. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) report, data summary for 2012: device-associated module. Am J Infect Control 2013; 41: 1148–1166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sax, H., Pittet, D. Interhospital differences in nosocomial infection rates: importance of case-mix adjustment. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 2437–2442.Google Scholar
Gastmeier, P., Kampf, G., Wischnewski, N., et al. Importance of the surveillance method: national prevalence studies on nosocomial infections and the limits of comparison. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998; 19: 661–667.Google Scholar
Haley, R.W., Morgan, W.M., Culver, D.H., et al. Update from the SENIC project: hospital infection control. Recent progress and opportunities under prospective payment. Am J Infect Control 1985; 13: 97–108.Google Scholar
Sax, H., Allegranzi, B., Uckay, I., et al. ‘My five moments for hand hygiene’: a user-centred design approach to understand, train, monitor and report hand hygiene. J Hosp Infect 2007; 67: 9–21.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. The World Health Organization guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. 2009. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241597906_eng.pdf?ua=1 (accessed 30 October 2014).Google Scholar
Pittet, D., Hugonnet, S., Harbarth, S., et al. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene: infection control programme. Lancet 2000; 356: 1307–1312.Google Scholar
Hugonnet, S., Perneger, T.V., Pittet, D. D. Alcohol-based handrub improves compliance with hand hygiene in intensive care units. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 1037–1043.Google Scholar
Resar, R., Griffin, F.A., Haraden, C., et al. Using care bundles to improve health care quality. IHI Innovation Series white paper. 2012. www.IHI.org (accessed 30 October 2014).Google Scholar
Resar, R., Pronovost, P., Haraden, C., et al. Using a bundle approach to improve ventilator care processes and reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2005; 31: 243–248.Google ScholarPubMed
Bouadma, L., Deslandes, E., Lolom, I., et al. Long-term impact of a multifaceted prevention program on ventilator-associated pneumonia in a medical intensive care unit. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 51: 1115–1122.Google Scholar
Pronovost, P., Needham, D., Berenholtz, S., et al. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2725–2732.Google Scholar
References
Riesenberg, L.A., Leitzsch, J., Cunningham, J.M.. Nursing handoffs: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Nurs 2010; 110: 24–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bell, C.M., Rahimi-Darabad, P., Orner, A.I.. Discontinuity of chronic medications in patients discharged from the intensive care unit. J Gen Intern Med 2006; 21: 937–941.Google Scholar
Williams, M., Hevelone, N., Alban, R.F., et al. Measuring communication in the surgical ICU: better communication equals better care. J Am Coll Surg 2010; 210: 17–22.Google Scholar
Bench, S., Day, T.. The user experience of critical care discharge: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Int J Nurs Stud 2010; 47: 487–499.Google Scholar
Hesselink, G., Zegers, M., Vernooij-Dassen, M., et al. Improving patient discharge and reducing hospital readmissions by using Intervention Mapping. BMC Health Serv Res 2014; 14: 389.Google Scholar
Saager, L., Hesler, B.D., You, J., et al. Intraoperative transitions of anesthesia care and postoperative adverse outcomes. Anesthesiology 2014; 121: 695–706.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halpern, N.A., Pastores, S.M.. Critical care medicine in the United States 2000-2005: an analysis of bed numbers, occupancy rates, payer mix, and costs. Crit Care Med 2010; 38: 65–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Acutely ill patients in hospital: Recognition of and response to acute illness in adults in hospitals. 2007. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg50/resources/guidance-acutely-ill-patients-in-hospital-pdf (accessed 23 October 2014).Google Scholar
Cheung, D.S., Kelly, J.J., Beach, C., et al. Improving handoffs in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 2010; 55: 171–180.Google Scholar
Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Safety and quality improvement guide standard 6: clinical handover. 2012. www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Standard6_Oct_2012_WEB.pdf (accessed 23 October 2014).Google Scholar
Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. OSSIE guide to clinical handover improvement. 2010. www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/ossie.pdf (accessed 23 October 2014).Google Scholar
Hellesø, R., Lorensen, M., Sorensen, L.. Challenging the information gap: the patient’s transfer from hospital to home health care. Int J Med Inform 2004; 73: 569–580.Google Scholar
Greenberg, C.C., Regenbogen, S.E., Studdert, D.M., et al. Patterns of communication breakdowns resulting in injury to surgical patients. J Am Coll Surg 2007; 204: 533–540.Google Scholar
Patterson, E.S., Wears, R.L.. Patient handoffs: standardized and reliable measurement tools remain elusive. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2010; 36: 52–61.Google Scholar
Segall, N., Bonifacio, A.S., Schroeder, R.A., et al. Can we make postoperative patient handovers safer? A systematic review of the literature. Anesth Analg 2012; 115: 102–115.Google Scholar
Abraham, J., Kannampallil, T.G., Patel, V.L.. Bridging gaps in handoffs: a continuity of care based approach. J Biomed Inform 2012; 45: 240–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warren, J., Fromm, R.E., Orr, R.A., et al. Guidelines for the inter- and intrahospital transport of critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 256–262.Google Scholar
Niven, D.J., Bastos, J.F., Stelfox, H.T.. Critical care transition programs and the risk of readmission or death after discharge from an ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2014; 42: 179–187.Google Scholar
Wong, M.C., Yee, K.C., Turner, P.. A structured evidence-based literature review regarding the effectiveness of improvement interventions in clinical handover. 2008. eHealth Services Research Group, University of Tasmania, Australia.Google Scholar
Hanssen, L.O., Young, R.S., Hinami, K., et al. Interventions to reduce 30-day rehospitalisation: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2011; 155: 520–528.Google Scholar
Rennke, S., Nguyen, O.K., Shoeb, M.H., et al. Hospital-initiated transitional care interventions as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2013; 158: 433–440.Google Scholar
Riesenberg, L.A., Leitzsch, J., Massucci, J.L., et al. Residents’ and attending physicians’ handoffs: a systematic review of the literature. Acad Med 2009; 84: 1775–1787.Google Scholar
Williams, T.A., Leslie, G.D., Elliott, N., et al. Introduction of discharge plan to reduce adverse events within 72 hours of discharge from the ICU. J Nurs Care Qual 2010; 25: 73–79.Google Scholar
Riesenberg, L.A., Leitzsch, J., Little, B.W.. Systematic review of handoff mnemonics literature. Am J Med Qual 2009; 24: 196–204.Google Scholar
Pronovost, P., Weast, B., Schwarz, M., et al. Medication reconciliation: a practical tool to reduce the risk of medication errors. J Crit Care 2003; 18: 201–205.Google Scholar
van Sluisveld, N., Zegers, M., Westert, G., et al. A strategy to enhance the safety and efficacy of handovers of ICU patients: study protocol of the pICUp study. Implement Sci 2013; 14: 67.Google Scholar
Drachsler, H., Kicken, W., van der Klink, M., et al. The handover toolbox: a knowledge exchange and training platform for improving patient care. BMJ Qual Saf 2012; 21: i114–120.Google Scholar
New South Wales Department of Health. Implementation toolkit: standard key principles for clinical handover. 2009. www.archi.net.au/documents/resources/qs/clinical/clinical-handover/implementation-toolkit.pdf (accessed 23 October 2014).Google Scholar
Manser, T., Foster, S., Gisin, S., et al. Assessing the quality of patient handoffs at care transitions. Qual Saf Health Care 2010; 19: e44.Google Scholar
Pickering, B.W., Hurley, K., Marsh, B.. Identification of patient information corruption in the intensive care unit: using a scoring tool to direct quality improvements in handover. Crit Care Med 2009; 37: 2905–2912.Google Scholar
Apker, J., Mallak, L.A., Applegate, E.B. III, et al. Exploring emergency physician–hospitalist handoff interactions: development of the Handoff Communication Assessment. Ann Emerg Med 2010; 55: 161–170.Google Scholar
References
Dellinger, R.P., Levy, M.M., Rhodes, A., et al. Surviving Sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, 2012. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39: 165–228.Google Scholar
Thim, T., Krarup, N.H.V., Grove, E.L., Rohde, C.V., Løfgren, B. Initial assessment and treatment with the Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure (ABCDE) approach. Int J Gen Med. 2012; 5: 117–121.Google Scholar
Strand, K., Flaatten, H. Severity scoring in the ICU: a review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2008; 52: 467–478.Google Scholar
Flaatten, H., Gjerde, S., Guttormsen, A.B., et al. Outcome after acute respiratory failure is more dependent on dysfunction in other vital organs than on the severity of the respiratory failure. Crit Care. 2003; 7(4): R72.Google Scholar
Demetriades, D., Martin, M., Salim, A., Rhee, P., Brown, C., Chan, L. The effect of trauma center designation and trauma volume on outcome in specific severe injuries. Ann Surg. 2005; 242: 512–517; discussion 517–519.Google Scholar
McCullough, A.L., Haycock, J.C., Forward, D.P., Moran, C.G. Early management of the severely injured major trauma patient. Brit J Anaesth. 2014; 113(2): 234–241.Google Scholar
The ARDS definition Task Force TADT. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: the Berlin definition. JAMA. 2012; 307(23): 2526–2533.Google Scholar
Vincent, J.L., Moreno, R., Takala, J., et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Intensive Care Med. 1996; 22: 707–710.Google Scholar
The ARISE Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Goal-directed resuscitation for patients with early septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2014; 371: 1496–1506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KDIGO Clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int. 2012; 2: 1–138.Google Scholar
Kollef, M.H., Chastre, J., Fagon, J.-Y., et al. Global prospective epidemiologic and surveillance study of ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Crit Care Med. 2014; 42: 2178–2187.Google Scholar
Celik, O., Koltka, N., Devrim, S., et al. Clinical pulmonary infection score calculator in the early diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the ICU. Crit Care 2014; 18 (suppl 1): P304.Google Scholar
Young, J., Murthy, L., Westby, M., Akunne, A., O’Mahony, R. Diagnosis, prevention, and management of delirium: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2010; 341: c3704.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association.Task Force on DSM-IV. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders. 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2009.Google Scholar
Ely, E.W., Inouye, S.K., Bernard, G.R., et al. Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). JAMA. 200(286): 2703–2710.Google Scholar
References
Schwebel, C., Clec’h, C., Magne, S. et al. Safety of intra-hospital transport in ventilated critically ill patients: a multicenter cohort study. Crit Care Med 2013; 41: 1919–1928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voigt, L.P., Pastores, S.M., Raoof, N.D., et al. Review of a large clinical series: intrahospital transport of critically ill patients: outcomes, timing, and patterns. J Intensive Care Med 2009; 24: 108–115.Google Scholar
Waydhas, C.. Intrahospital transport of critically ill patients. Crit Care 1999; 3: R83–R89.Google Scholar
Blakeman, T.C., , R.D.Branson, . Inter-and intra-hospital transport for critically ill. Respir Care 2013; 58: 1008–1021.Google Scholar
Papson, J.P.N., Russell, K.L., Taylor, D.M. Unexpected events during the intrahospital transport of critically ill patients. Acad Emerg Med 2007; 14: 574–577.Google Scholar
Zuchelo, L.T.S., Chiavone, P.A.. Intrahospital transport of patients on invasive ventilation: cardiorespiratory repercussions and adverse events. J Bras Pneumol 2009; 35(4): 367–374.Google Scholar
Droogh, J.M., Smit, M., Hut, J., et al. Inter-hospital transport of critically ill patients: expect surprises. Critical Care 2012; 16: R26.Google Scholar
Bercault, N., Wolf, M., Runge, I., et al. Intrahospital transport of critically ill ventilated patients: a risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia – a matched cohort study. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 2471–2478.Google Scholar
SEE 3 (Sentinel Events Evaluation 3). Multinational study on patient safety during intrahospital transport of ICU patients. www.see3.orgGoogle Scholar
Beckmann, U., Gillies, D.M., Berenholtz, S.M., et al. Incidents relating to intra-hospital transfer of critically ill patients: an analysis of the reports submitted to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study in Intensive Care. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30: 1579–1585.Google Scholar
Berube, M., Bernard, F., Marion, H. et al. Impact of a preventive programme on the occurrence of incidents during the transport of critically ill patients. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2013; 29(1): 9–19.Google Scholar
Ligtenberg, J.J., Arnold, L.G., Stienstra, Y., et al. Quality of interhospital transport of critically ill patients: a prospective audit. Crit Care 2005; 9(4): R446–R451.Google Scholar
Warren, J., Fromm, R.E. Jr., Orr, R.A., Rotello, L.C., et al. Guidelines for the inter- and intrahospital transport of critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 256–262.Google Scholar
Fanara, B., Manzon, C., Barbot, O., et al. Recommendations for the intra-hospital transport of critically ill patients. Crit Care 2010; 14: R87.Google Scholar
Prodhan, P., Fiser, R.T., Cenac, S., et al. Intrahospital transport of children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: indications, process, interventions and effectiveness. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2010; 11(2): 227–233.Google Scholar
Hurst, J.M., Davis, K., Johnson, D.J., et al. Cost and complications during in-hospital transport of critically ill patients: a prospective cohort study. J Trauma 1992; 33(4): 582–585.Google Scholar
Peace, K., Wilensky, E.M., Frangos, S., et al. The use of a portable head CT scanner in the intensive care unit. J Neurosci Nurs 2010; 42(2): 109–116.Google Scholar
Maher, M.M., Hahn, P.F., Gervais, D.A. et al. Portable abdominal CT: analysis of quality and clinical impact in more than 100 consecutive cases. Am J Roentgenol 2004 183(3): 663–670.Google Scholar
COBATRICE: Competency-based training in intensive care medicine in Europe. www.cobatrice.orgGoogle Scholar
Droogh, J.M., Kruger, H.L., Ligtenberg, J.J., et al. Simulator-based crew resource management training for interhospital transfer of critically ill patients by a mobile ICU. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2012; 38: 554–559.Google Scholar
Jarden, R.J., Quirke, S.. Improving safety and documentation in intrahospital transport: development of an intrahospital transport tool for critically ill patients. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2010; 26: 101–107.Google Scholar
Esmail, R., Banack, D., Cummings, C., et al. Is your patient ready for transport? Developing an ICU patient transport decision scorecard. Healthc Q 2006; 9: 80–86Google Scholar
Ramnarayan, P., Thiru, K., Parslow, R.C., et al. Effect of specialist retrieval teams on outcomes in children admitted to paediatric care units in England and Wales: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2010; 376: 698–704Google Scholar
Kue, R., Brown, P., Ness, C., et al. Adverse clinical events during intrahospital transport by a specialized team: a preliminary report. Am J Crit Care 2011; 20: 153–162.Google Scholar
Boussen, S., Gainnier, M., Michelet, P.. Evaluation of ventilators used during transport of critically ill patients: a bench study. Respir Care. 2013; 58(11): 1911–1922.Google Scholar
References
Rothschild, J.M., Landrigan, C.P., Cronin, J.W., et al. The Critical Care Safety Study: the incidence and nature of adverse events and serious medical errors in intensive care. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 1694–1700.Google Scholar
Valentin, A., Capuzzo, M., Guidet, B., et al. Errors in administration of parenteral drugs in intensive care units: multinational prospective study. Br Med J 2009; 338: 1–8.Google Scholar
Valentin, A., Capuzzo, M., Guidet, B., et al. Patient safety in intensive care: results from the multinational Sentinel Events Evaluation (SEE) study. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32: 1591–1598.Google Scholar
Pagnamenta, A., Rabito, G., Arosio, A., et al. Adverse event reporting in adult intensive care units and the impact of a multifaceted intervention on drug-related adverse events. Ann Intensive Care 2012; 2: 47.Google Scholar
Ksouri, H., Balanant, P.Y., Tadié, J.M., et al. Impact of morbidity and mortality conferences on analysis of mortality and critical events in intensive care practice. Am J Crit Care 2010; 19: 135–145.Google Scholar
Bracco, D., Favre, J.B., Bissonette, B., et al. Human errors in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit: a 1-year prospective study. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27: 137–145.Google Scholar
Brennan, T.A., Gawande, A., Thomas, E., et al. Accidental deaths, saved lives, and improved quality. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1405–1409.Google Scholar
Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Philipart, F., Bruel, C., et al. Overview of medical errors and adverse events. Ann Intensive Care 2012; 2: 2.Google Scholar
Ranji, S.R., Shojania, K.G.. Implementing patient safety interventions in your hospital: what to try and what to avoid. Med Clin N Am 2008; 92: 275–293.Google Scholar
Higginson, J., Walters, R., Fulop, N.. Mortality and morbidity meetings: an untapped resource for improving the governance of patient safety. BMJ Qual Saf 2012; 21: 576–585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nguyen, Y.L., Wunsch, H., Angus, D.C.. Critical care: the impact of organization and management on outcomes. Curr Opin Crit Care 2010; 16: 1–6.Google Scholar
Annas, G.J.. The patient’s right to safety: improving the quality of care through litigation against hospitals. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2063–2066.Google Scholar
Pierluissi, E., Fischer, M.A., Campbell, A.R., et al. Discussion of medical errors in morbidity and mortality conferences. JAMA 2003; 290: 2838–2842.Google Scholar
Cunningham, A.T., Bernabeo, E.C., Wolfson, D.B., et al. Organisational strategies to cultivate professional values and behaviours. BMJ Qual Saf 2011; 20: 351–358.Google Scholar
Pélieu, I., Djadi-Prat, J., Consoli, S.M., et al. Impact of organizational culture on preventability assessment of selected adverse events in the ICU: evaluation of morbidity and mortality conferences. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39: 1214–1220.Google Scholar
Osmon, S., Harris, C.B., Dunagan, W.C., et al. Reporting of medical errors: an intensive care unit experience. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 727–733.Google Scholar
Vincent, C., Neale, G., Woloshynowych, M.. Adverse events in British hospitals: preliminary record review. Br Med J 2001; 322: 517–519.Google Scholar
Kuteifan, K., Mertes, P.M., Bretonnière, C., et al. Implementation of morbidity and mortality conferences in French intensive care units: a survey. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2013; 32: 602–606.Google Scholar
Aboumatar, H.J., Blackledge, C.G., Dickson, C., et al. A descriptive study of morbidity and mortality conferences and their conformity to medical incident analysis models: results of the morbidity and mortality conference improvement study, phase 1. Am J Med Qual 2007; 22: 232–238.Google Scholar
Harbison, S.P., Regehr, G.. Faculty and resident opinions regarding the role of morbidity and mortality conference. Am J Surg 1999; 177: 136–139.Google Scholar
References
Society of Critical Care Medicine Ethics Committee. Consensus statement on the triage of critically ill patients. JAMA. 1994; 271(14): 1200–1203.Google Scholar
Joynt, G.M. Gomersall, C.D. Making moral decisions when resources are limited: an approach to triage in ICU patients with respiratory failure. SAJCC. 2005; 21(1): 34–44.Google Scholar
Adhikari, N.K., Fowler, R.A., Bhagwanjee, S., Rubenfeld, G.D. Critical care and the global burden of critical illness in adults. Lancet. 2010; 376(9749): 1339–1346.Google Scholar
Wunsch, H. Is there a Starling curve for intensive care? Chest. 2012; 141(6): 1393–1399.Google Scholar
Wunsch, H., Angus, D.C., Harrison, D.A., et al. Variation in critical care services across North America and Western Europe. Crit Car Med. 2008; 36(10): 2787–2793.Google Scholar
Gomersall, C.D., Loo, S., Derrick, J.L., et al. Expanding ICU facilities in an epidemic: recommendations based on experience from the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong and Singapore. Int Care Med. 2006; 32: 1004–1013.Google Scholar
Christian, M.D., Sprung, C.L., King, M.A., et al. Triage: care of the critically ill and injured during pandemics and disasters: CHEST consensus statement. Chest. 2014; 146(4 Suppl): e61S–74S.Google Scholar
Force ATSBT. Fair allocation of intensive care unit resources. Crit Care Med. 1997; 156: 1282–1301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagshaw, S.M., Webb, S.A., Delaney, A., et al. Very old patients admitted to intensive care in Australia and New Zealand: a multi-centre cohort analysis. Crit Care. 2009; 13(2): R45.Google Scholar
Sinuff, T.K.K., Cook, D.J., Luce, J.M., Levy, M.M. Values, ethics and rationing in critical care task force: rationing critical care beds – a systematic review. Crit Care Med. 2004; 32(7): 1588–1597.Google Scholar
Sprung, C.L.A.A., Kesecioglu, J., Pezzi, A., et al. The Eldicus prospective, observational study of triage decision making in European intensive care units: Part II – intensive care benefit for the elderly. Crit Care Med. 2012; 40(1): 132–138.Google Scholar
Joynt, G.M., Gomersall, C.D., Tan, P., Lee, A., Cheng, C.A., Wong, E.L. Prospective evaluation of patients refused admission to an intensive care unit: triage, futility and outcome. Int Care Med. 2001; 27(9): 1459–1465.Google Scholar
Sprung, C.L., Baras, M., Iapichino, G., et al. The Eldicus prospective, observational study of triage decision making in European intensive care units: Part I – European Intensive Care Admission Triage Scores. Crit Care MEd. 2012; 40(1): 125–131.Google Scholar
Shahpori, R.S.R., Doig, C., Boiteau, P., Zygun, D. Sequential organ failure assessment in pandemic planning. Crit Care. 2010; 14(Suppl 1): 477.Google Scholar
Christian, M.D., Hamielec, C., Lazar, N.M., et al. A retrospective cohort pilot study to evaluate a triage tool for use in a pandemic. Crit Care. 2009; 13(5): R170.Google Scholar
Christian, M.D., Hawryluck, L., Wax, R.S., et al. Development of a triage protocol for critical care during an influenza pandemic. CMAJ. 2006; 175(11): 1377–1381.Google Scholar
Christian, M.D.F.R., Muller, M.P., Gomersall, C., et al. Critical care resource allocation: trying to PREEDICCT outcomes without a crystal ball. Crit Care. 2013; 17(1): 107.Google Scholar
Hofhuis, J., Hautvast, J.L., Schrijvers, A.J., Bakker, J. Quality of life on admission to the intensive care: can we query the relatives? Int Care Med. 2003; 29(6): 974–979.Google Scholar
Capuzzo, M., Moreno, R.P., Alvisi, R. Admission and discharge of critically ill patients. Curr Op Crit Care. 2010; 16(5): 499–504.Google Scholar
Daly, K., Beale, R., Chang, R.W. Reduction in mortality after inappropriate early discharge from intensive care unit: logistic regression triage model. BMJ. 2001; 322(7297): 1274–1276.Google Scholar
Christian, M.D., Sandrock, C.E., Devereaux, A., Geiling, J., Amundson, D.E., Rubinson, L. Ethical issues and the allocation of scarce resources during a public health emergency. Ann Intern Med. 2009; 150: 890–891.Google Scholar
Einav, S., Soudry, E., Levin, P.D., Grunfeld, G.B., Sprung, C.L. Intensive care physicians’ attitudes concerning distribution of intensive care resources: a comparison of Israeli, North American and European cohorts. Int Care Med. 2004; 30(6): 1140–1143.Google Scholar
Sprung, C.L., Geber, D., Eidelman, L.A., et al. Evaluation of triage decisions for intensive care admission. Crit Care Med. 1999; 27(6): 1073–1079.Google Scholar
Giannini, A., Consonni, D. Physicians’ perceptions and attitudes regarding inappropriate admissions and resource allocation in the intensive care setting. Brit J Anaesth. 2006; 96(1): 57–62.Google Scholar
References
Buckley, TA, Joynt, GM, Tan, PY, Cheng, CA, Yap, FH. Limitation of life support: frequency and practice in a Hong Kong intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2004; 32: 415–420.Google Scholar
Sprung, CL, Cohen, SL, Sjokvist, P, et al. End-of-life practices in European intensive care units: the Ethicus Study. JAMA. 2003; 290: 790–797.Google Scholar
Joynt, GM, Lipman, J, Hartog, C, et al. The Durban World Congress Ethics Round Table IV: health care professional end-of-life decision making. J Crit Care. 2015; 30: 224–230.Google Scholar
Sprung, CL, Truog, RD, Curtis, JR, et al. Seeking worldwide professional consensus on the principles of end-of-life care for the critically ill: the consensus for Worldwide End-of-Life Practice for Patients in Intensive Care Units (WELPICUS) Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014; 190: 855–866.Google Scholar
Heyland, DK, Dodek, P, Rocker, G, et al. What matters most in end-of-life care: perceptions of seriously ill patients and their family members. CMAJ. 2006; 174: 627–633.Google Scholar
Lilly, CM, De Meo, DL, Sonna, LA, et al. An intensive communication intervention for the critically ill. Am J Med. 2000; 109: 469–475.Google Scholar
Lilly, CM, Sonna, LA, Haley, KJ, Massaro, AF. Intensive communication: four-year follow-up from a clinical practice study. Crit Care Med. 2003; 31: S394–S399.Google Scholar
Billings, JA. The end-of-life family meeting in intensive care part I: indications, outcomes, and family needs. J Palliat Med. 2011; 14: 1042–1050.Google Scholar
Zier, LS, Burack, JH, Micco, G, et al. Doubt and belief in physicians’ ability to prognosticate during critical illness: the perspective of surrogate decision makers. Crit Care Med. 2008; 36: 2341–2347.Google Scholar
Levin, TT, Moreno, B, Silvester, W, Kissane, DW. End-of-life communication in the intensive care unit. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010; 32: 433–442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonagh, JR, Elliott, TB, Engelberg, RA, et al. Family satisfaction with family conferences about end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: increased proportion of family speech is associated with increased satisfaction. Crit Care Med. 2004; 32: 1484–1488.Google Scholar
Roter, DL, Hall, JA, Kern, DE, Barker, LR, Cole, KA, Roca, RP. Improving physicians’ interviewing skills and reducing patients’ emotional distress: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med. 1995; 155: 1877–1884.Google Scholar
Kompanje, EJ, van der Hoven, B, Bakker, J. Anticipation of distress after discontinuation of mechanical ventilation in the ICU at the end of life. Intensive Care Med. 2008; 34: 1593–1599.Google Scholar
Curtis, JR, Vincent, JL. Ethics and end-of-life care for adults in the intensive care unit. Lancet. 2010; 376: 1347–1353.Google Scholar
Chan, JD, Treece, PD, Engelberg, RA, et al. Narcotic and benzodiazepine use after withdrawal of life support: association with time to death? Chest. 2004; 126: 286–293.Google Scholar
Trankle, SA. Decisions that hasten death: double effect and the experiences of physicians in Australia. BMC Med Ethic. 2014; 15: 26.Google Scholar
Cheung, W, Aggarwal, G, Fugaccia, E, et al. Palliative care teams in the intensive care unit: a randomised, controlled, feasibility study. Crit Care Resusc. 2010; 12: 28–35.Google Scholar
Melltorp, G, Nilstun, T. Decisions to forego life-sustaining treatment and the duty of documentation. Intensive Care Med. 1996; 22: 1015–1019.Google Scholar
Kirchhoff, KT, Anumandla, PR, Foth, KT, Lues, SN, Gilbertson-White, SH. Documentation on withdrawal of life support in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care. 2004; 13: 328–334.Google Scholar
Aulisio, MP, Chaitin, E, Arnold, RM. Ethics and palliative care consultation in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin. 2004; 20: 505–523.Google Scholar