Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ttngx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-02T02:46:44.647Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 12 - Self-Harm and Personality Disorders in PICU

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2024

Roland Dix
Affiliation:
Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester
Stephen Dye
Affiliation:
Norfolk and Suffolk Foundation Trust, Ipswich
Stephen M. Pereira
Affiliation:
Keats House, London
Get access

Summary

Patients with borderline personality disorder often pose challenges in various inpatient settings. It is becoming more common for the patients that exhibit severe disturbed or high-risk behaviour within the context of this diagnosis to be transferred to psychiatric intensive care units (PICUs). The role of the PICU is widely regarded as one which can provide focused, short-term interventions for high-risk patients with mental illness; therefore, the very nature of borderline personality disorder contradicts such admission criteria. This chapter provides an overview of the common presentation and complexities of this patient demographic in a PICU and provides suggestions for management strategies. The chapter also advocates an emphasis on professionals being mindful of the patient pathway from PICU to discharge, with the aim to avoid a counterproductive admission which results in containment and overly restrictive practices.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ali, S and Findlay, C (2016) A Review of NICE Guidelines on the Management of Borderline Personality Disorder. British Journal of Medical Practitioners 9: 1.Google Scholar
Bennett, L Dixon, R and Gintalaite-Bieliauskiene, K (2013) Is Management of Borderline Personality Disorder in Female Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) Appropriate? Abstracts of the 21st European Congress of Psychiatry 28 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S, Shankar, R and Smith, K (2009) Borderline Personality Disorder and Sensory Processing Impairment. Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry 13(4) 1016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, MJ, Leeson, VC, Evans, R, Barrett, B, McQuaid, A, Cheshire, J, et al. (2022) The Clinical Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness of Clozapine for Inpatients with Severe Borderline Personality Disorder (CALMED Study): A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 12: 20451253221090832.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crawford, O, Khan, T and Zimbron, J (2021) Rethinking Risk Assessments in a Borderline Personality Disorder Unit: Patient and Staff Perspectives. Cureus 13 (2) e13557.Google Scholar
Fagin, L (2004) Management of Personality Disorders in Acute In-Patient Settings. Part 1: Borderline Personality Disorders. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 10 (2) 93–9.Google Scholar
Fallon, P (2003) Travelling through the System: The Lived Experience of People with Borderline Personality Disorder in Contact with Psychiatric Services. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 10 (4) 393401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fowler, J, Clapp, J, Madan, A, Allen, J, Frueh, B, Fonagy, P, et al. (2018) A Naturalistic Longitudinal Study of Extended Inpatient Treatment for Adults with Borderline Personality Disorder: An Examination of Treatment Response, Remission and Deterioration. Journal of Affective Disorders 235: 323–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Georgieva, A, De Haan, G, Smith, W and Mulder, C (2010) Successful Reduction of Seclusion in a Newly Developed Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit. Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care 6 (1) 31–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gintalaite-Bieliauskiene, K, Dixon, R and Bennett, L (2020) A Retrospective Survey of Care Provided to Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder Admitted to a Female Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit. Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care 16 (1) 3542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannan, R (2013) The Triangle of Care: Carers Included. Journal of Public Mental Health 12 (3) 171–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haw, C, Kotterova, E and Otuwehinmi, O (2017) Out of Area Referrals to Two Independent Sector PICUs: Who, How, Why and When? Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care 13 (1) 3745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayward, M, Slade, M and Moran, PA (2006) Personality Disorders and Unmet Needs among Psychiatric Inpatients. Psychiatric Services 57: 538–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoch, J, O’Reilly, R. and Carscadden, J (2006) Best Practices: Relationship Management Therapy for Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder. Psychiatric Services 57 (2) 179–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, V and Casher, M (2020) The Inpatient with Borderline Personality Disorder. In Casher, M and Bess, J (eds.), Manual of Inpatient Psychiatry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 82105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingenhoven, T, Lafay, P, Rinne, T, Passchier, J. and Duivenvoorden, H (2009) Effectiveness of Pharmacotherapy for Severe Personality Disorders. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 71 (01) 1425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendall, T, Burbeck, R and Bateman, A (2010) Pharmacotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: NICE Guideline. British Journal of Psychiatry 196 (2) 158–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mangnall, J and Yurkovich, E (2008) A Literature Review of Deliberate Self-Harm. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 44 (3) 175–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Association of Psychiatric Intensive Care and Low Secure Units (NAPICU) (2016) Guidance for Commissioners of Psychiatric Intensive Care Units (PICU). Glasgow: NAPICU. https://napicu.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Commissioning_Guidance_Apr16.pdf.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2009) Borderline Personality Disorder: Recognition and Management (clinical guideline [CG78]). London: NICE. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG78.Google Scholar
Oldham, J (2004) Borderline Personality Disorder: The Treatment Dilemma. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 10 (3) 204–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oldham, J (2019) Inpatient Treatment for Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 25 (3) 177–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ougrin, D, Tranah, T, Leigh, E, Taylor, L and Rosenbaum Asarnow, J (2012) Practitioner Review: Self-Harm in Adolescents. Journal of Child Psychiatry 53 (4) 337–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panchal, R, Attard, S and Baker, J (2019) Development of Ligature Assessment Tool. [Poster]. Faculty of Forensic Psychiatry Annual Conference, The Royal College of Psychiatrists 6–8 March 2019. Vienna.Google Scholar
Paris, J (2002) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders 16 (2) 107–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, M, Sethi, F, Barnes, T, Dix, R, Dratcu, L, Fox, B., et al. (2018) Joint BAP NAPICU Evidence-Based Consensus Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Acute Disturbance: De-escalation and Rapid Tranquillisation. Journal of Psychopharmacology 32 (6) 601–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paton, C and Okocha, C (2006) Pharmacological Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care 1 (2) 105–16.Google Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists (2020) PS01/20: Services for People Diagnosable with Personality Disorder. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists. www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/improving-care/better-mh-policy/position-statements/ps01_20.pdf?sfvrsn=85af7fbc_2.Google Scholar
Sutton, D and Nicholson, E (2011) Sensory Modulation in Acute Mental Health Wards: A Qualitative Study of Staff and Service User Perspectives. Auckland, NZ: The National Centre of Mental Health Research, Information and Workforce Development (Te Pou).Google Scholar
Walsh-Harrington, S, Corrigall, F and Elsegood, KJ (2020) Is it worthwhile to offer a daily ‘bite-sized’ recovery skills group to women on a psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU)?. Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care 16 (1) 2934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization (1993) The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Zarzar, T and McEvoy, J (2013) Clozapine for Self-Injurious Behavior in Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 3 (5) 272–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×