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8 - The case for bilateralism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2009

Dominick Salvatore
Affiliation:
Fordham University, New York
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Summary

Until recently, US commercial policy had as its central tenet GATT, multilateralism and unconditional most favored nation treatment. That policy stance emerged in response to the massive and chaotic trade disruption of the 1930s which was an important part of the Great Depression. The objectives of the new post-war world are well summarized by Jacob Viner (1944, p. 53):

The American objectives with respect to the pattern of post-war international economic relations are in their general outlines clear. These objectives are a post-war world in which: trade barriers will be as moderate and as nondiscriminatory as governments and peoples, including our own, can be persuaded to make them; exchange rates between national currencies will have assumed stability; currencies will be freely convertible into each other, at least with respect to transactions on ordinary current account; longterm capital will move from capital-rich to capital-poor countries in quantities and on terms mutually satisfactory to creditor and debtor; ways of international collaboration aiming at maintenance of high-level employment will be devised; abundant scope will be preserved for the exercise in the international economic field of competitive enterprise, subject to standards and rules intended to prevent abuse but not to stifle and suppress private initiative.

Multilateralism set the system apart from Imperial Preferences of the 1930s and from the bilateralism practiced in the Schachtian system. GATT has been the chief vehicle for executing the multilateral trade liberalization that underlay the US conception of an open world economy.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1993

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