Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-03T07:11:22.345Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

11 - Advocate

Third-Party Policing

from Part VI - Third–Party Policing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2019

By
Lorraine Mazerolle  and
Janet Ransley
Edited by
David Weisburd  and
Anthony A. Braga
David Weisburd
Affiliation:
George Mason University, Virginia
Anthony A. Braga
Affiliation:
Northeastern University, Boston
Get access

Summary

In Third-Party Policing (hereafter TPP), police partner with others to proactively reduce crime and disorder, often focusing on places with recurrent crime problems, or people at high risk of offending. Partnerships in policing are not new. Police have always sought out and formed partnerships with a range of different entities to tackle a myriad of different types of problems. What is new for police is the expectation, and sometimes the legislated mandate, that they will partner with others. In the United States, the emphasis for police is on partnerships with communities to co-produce public safety (see President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, 2015). In the United Kingdom, police are compelled by law to involve local authorities in setting priorities and developing plans (see Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011; Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012), and numerous reports (see Independent Police Commission, 2013: 14–15; and National Debate Advisory Group, 2015, ch. 2) have expressed a vision for policing in which partnerships are central to most policing functions.

Type
Chapter
Information
Police Innovation
Contrasting Perspectives
 , pp. 251 - 272
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ayres, I., & Braithwaite, J. (1992). Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayley, D. H., & Shearing, C. D. (1996). The future of policing. Law & Society Review, 30(3), 585–606.Google Scholar
Bayley, D., & Shearing, C. (2001). The New Structure of Policing. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.Google Scholar
Berry, G., Briggs, P., Erol, R., & van Staden, L. (2011). The effectiveness of partnership working in a crime and disorder context: A rapid evidence assessment (Research Report No. 52). London: Home Office.Google Scholar
Bond, B. J., & Gittell, J. H. (2010). Cross-agency coordination of offender reentry: Testing collaboration outcomes. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(2), 118–129.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A, & Weisburd, D. L. (2012). The effects of “pulling levers” focused deterrence strategies on crime. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2012(6). doi: 10.4073/csr.2012.6.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, J. (2000). The new regulatory state and the transformation of criminology. British Journal of Criminology, 40, 222–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braithwaite, J. (2006). The regulatory state. In Rhodes, R. A. W., Binder, S. A., & Rockman, B. A. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (pp. 407–430). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, J. (2011). The essence of responsive regulation. University of British Columbia Law Review, 44(3), 475–420.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, J. (2013). Relational republican regulation. Regulation & Governance, 7, 124–144.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, J., & Drahos, P. (2000). Global Business Regulation. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A., Papachristos, A. V., & Hureau, D. (2014). The effects of hot spots policing on crime: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Justice Quarterly, 31(4), 633–663.Google Scholar
Buerger, , & Mazerolle, L. G. (1998). Third party policing: A theoretical analysis of an emerging trend. Justice Quarterly, 15(2), 301–328.Google Scholar
Buerger, M. (1998). The politics of third party policing. In Mazerolle, L. G., & Roehl, J. (eds.) Civil Remedies and Crime Prevention. Crime Prevention Studies 9. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Cheh, M. (1991). Constitutional limits on using civil remedies to achieve criminal law objectives: Understanding and transcending the criminal-civil law distinction. Hastings Law Journal, 42, 1325–1413.Google Scholar
Cheh, M. (1998). Civil remedies to control crime: Legal issues and constitutional challenges. In Mazerolle, L. G., & Roehl, J. (eds.), Civil Remedies and Crime Prevention: Crime Prevention Studies (vol. 9, pp. 45–66). New York: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Cherney, A. (2008). Harnessing the crime control capacities of third parties. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 31, 631–647.Google Scholar
Cook, P., & MacDonald, J. (2011). Public safety through private action: An economic assessment of BIDs. The Economic Journal, 121(552), 445–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corsaro, N., & Engel, R. S. (2015). Most challenging of contexts: Assessing the impact of focused deterrence on serious violence in New Orleans. Criminology & Public Policy, 14(3), 471–505.Google Scholar
Crawford, A. (2006). Networked governance and the post-regulatory state? Steering, rowing and anchoring the provision of policing and security. Theoretical Criminology, 10(4), 449–479.Google Scholar
Crawford, A. (2009). Governing through anti‐social behaviour: Regulatory challenges to criminal Justice. British Journal of Criminology, 49(6), 810–831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, A. (2017). Research co-production and knowledge mobilisation in policing. In Knutsson, J., & Thompson, L. (eds.), Advances in Evidence-Based Policing (pp. 195–213). Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desmond, M., & Valdez, N. (2013). Unpolicing the urban poor: Consequences of third-party policing for inner-city women. American Sociological Review, 78(1), 117–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drahos, P. (2017). Regulatory Theory: Foundations and Applications. Canberra: Australian National University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunworth, T., & Mills, G. (1999). National evaluation of Weed and Seed. National Institute of Justice Research in Brief (June). Retrieved from www.ncjrs.gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails.aspx?id=175685.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E., & Eck, E. B. (2012). Crime place and pollution: Expanding crime reduction options through a regulatory approach. Criminology & Public Policy, 11(2), 281–316.Google Scholar
Eck, J., & Spelman, W. (1987). Problem Solving: Problem-Oriented Policing in Newport News. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum and National Institute of Justice.Google Scholar
Eck, J., & Wartell, J. (1998). Improving the management of rental properties with drug problems. In Green Mazerolle, L., & Roehl, J. (eds.), Civil Remedies and Crime Prevention: Crime Prevention Studies (vol. 9, pp. 161–183). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Eck, J., & Weisburd, D. (1995) Crime Prevention Studies: Crime and Place (vol 4). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Ericson, R. V., & Haggerty, K. D. (1997). Policing the Risk Society. Toronto: Toronto University Press.Google Scholar
Feeley, M., & Simon, J. (1992). The new penology: Notes on the emerging strategy of corrections and its implications. Criminology, 30(4), 449–474.Google Scholar
Feeley, M., & Simon, J. (1994). Actuarial justice: The emerging new criminal law. In Nelken, D. (ed.), The Futures of Criminology (pp. 173–201). London: Sage.Google Scholar
Fleming, J. (2005). “Working together”: Neighbourhood watch, reassurance policing and the potential of partnerships. Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, 303 (September).Google Scholar
Garland, D. (2001). The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerard, A., & Pickering, S. (2013). Crimmigration: criminal justice, refugee protection and the securitisation of migration. In Bersot, H., & Arrigo, B. (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of International Crime and Justice Studies. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gittell, J. H. (2011). New directions for relational coordination theory. In Spreitzer, G. M., & Cameron, K. S. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Positive Organizational Scholarship. Oxford Handbooks Online. Retrieved from www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199734610.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199734610-e-030.Google Scholar
Gittell, J. H. (2006). Relational coordination: Coordinating work through relationships of shared goals, shared knowledge and mutual respect. In Kyriakidou, O., & Ozbilgin, M. (eds.), Relational Perspectives in Organizational Studies: A Research Companion (pp. 74–94). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishers.Google Scholar
Gittell, J. H., Fairfield, K., Bierbaum, B., Jackson, R., Kelly, M., Laskin, R., … Zuckerman, J. (2000). Impact of relational coordination on quality of care, postoperative pain and functioning, and length of stay: A nine-hospital study of surgical patients. Medical Care, 38, 807−819.Google Scholar
Gittell, J. H., Weinberg, D. B., Pfefferle, S., & Bishop, C. (2008). Impact of relational coordination on job satisfaction and quality outcomes: A study of nursing homes. Human Resource Management Journal, 18, 154−170.Google Scholar
Grabosky, P. (2013). Beyond responsive regulation: The expanding role of non-state actors in the regulatory process. Regulation & Governance, 7, 114–123.Google Scholar
Green, L. (1996). Policing Places with Drug Problems. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Independent Police Commission (2013). Policing for a Better Britain. Retrieved from www.lse.ac.uk/socialPolicy/Researchcentresandgroups/mannheim/pdf/policingforabetterbritain.pdf.Google Scholar
Johnson, H. (2005). Experiences of crime in two selected migrant communities. Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, (302), 1–6.Google Scholar
Johnstone, C. (2017) Penalising presence in public space: Control through exclusion of the “difficult” and “undesirable.” International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 6(2), 1–16.Google Scholar
Kemshall, H. (2008). Risks, rights and justice: Understanding and responding to youth risk. Youth Justice, 8(1), 21–37.Google Scholar
Kemshall, H. (2014). Conflicting rationalities of risk: Disputing risk in social policy – Reflecting on 35 years of researching risk. Health, Risk & Society, 16(5), 398–416.Google Scholar
Loader, I. (2000). Plural policing and democratic governance. Social and Legal Studies, 9(3), 323–345.Google Scholar
Loader, I. (2006). Fall of the “Platonic Guardians”: Liberalism, criminology and political responses to crime in England and Wales, British Journal of Criminology, 46, 561–581.Google Scholar
Mazerolle, L. (2014). The power of policing partnerships: Sustaining the gains. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 10(3), 341–365.Google Scholar
Mazerolle, L., Bennett, S., Antrobus, E., & Eggins, E. (2017). The co-production of truancy control: Results from a randomized trial of a police–schools partnership. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/0022427817705167.Google Scholar
Mazerolle, L., Higginson, A., & Eggins, E. (2013). Registration for a systematic review: Third party policing for reducing crime and disorder: A systematic review. The Campbell Collaboration Library of Systematic Reviews.Google Scholar
Mazerolle, L. G., Kadleck, C., & Roehl, J. (1998). Controlling drug and disorder problems: The role of place managers. Criminology, 36, 371–404.Google Scholar
Mazerolle, L., & Ransley, J. (2005). Third Party Policing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mazerolle, L. G., & Roehl, J. (1998). Civil remedies and crime prevention: An introduction. In Mazerolle, L. Green, & Roehl, J. (eds.), Civil Remedies and Crime Prevention: Crime Prevention Studies (vol. 9, pp. 1–20). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Mazerolle, L., Soole, D. W., & Rombouts, S. (2007). Street-level drug law enforcement: A meta-analytical review. Campbell Collaboration Library of Systematic Reviews, 2007(2). doi: 10.4073/csr.2007.2.Google Scholar
Mazerolle, L., White, G., Ransley, J., & Ferguson, P. (2012). Violence in and around entertainment districts: A longitudinal analysis of the impact of late‐night lockout legislation. Law & Policy, 34(1), 55–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGarrell, E. F., Chermak, S., Wilson, J. M., & Corsaro, N. (2006). Reducing homicide through a “lever-pulling” strategy. Justice Quarterly, 23(2), 214–231.Google Scholar
Meares, T. (2006). Third party policing: A critic. In Weisburd, D., & Braga, A. D. (eds.), Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives (pp. 207–221). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Meares, T., with Neyroud, P. (2015). Rightful Policing. New Perspectives in Policing. National Institute of Justice Report. www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/248411.pdf.Google Scholar
Miller, P., Curtis, A., Palmer, D., Busija, L., Tindall, J., Droste, N., … Wiggers, J. (2014). Changes in injury‐related hospital emergency department presentations associated with the imposition of regulatory versus voluntary licensing conditions on licensed venues in two cities. Drug and Alcohol Review, 33(3), 314–322.Google Scholar
Morriss, A., Yandle, B., & Dorchak, A. (2005). Choosing how to regulate. Harvard Environmental Law Review, 29, 179–250.Google Scholar
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime and Communities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17226/24928.Google Scholar
National Debate Advisory Group. (2015). Reshaping policing for the public. Retrieved from www.npcc.police.uk/documents/reports/Reshaping%20policing%20for%20the%20public.pdfGoogle Scholar
O’Malley, P. (1992). Risk, power and crime prevention. Economy and Society, 21(3), 252–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Malley, P. (2000). Risk, crime and prudentialism revisited. In Stenson, K., & Sullivan, R. (eds.), Risk, Crime and Justice: The Politics of Crime Control in Liberal Democracies (Ch. 5). London: Willan.Google Scholar
O’Malley, P. (2016). “Policing the Risk Society” in the 21st century. Legal Studies Research Paper. Sydney Law School, 16(11).Google Scholar
Parker, C. (2013). Twenty years of responsive regulation: An appreciation and appraisal. Regulation & Governance, 7, 2–13.Google Scholar
Parness, J. (2010). Beyond red light enforcement against the guilty but innocent: Local regulations of secondary culprits. Willamette Law Review, 47, 259.Google Scholar
Prenzler, T., Sarre, R., & Kim, D.W. (2017). Reforming security industry training standards: An Australian case study. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, DOI: 10.1080/01924036.2017.1326392.Google Scholar
President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. 2015. Final Report of the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Retrieved from cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/TaskForce_FinalReport.pdf.Google Scholar
Ransley, J. (2014). Legal frameworks for Third-Party Policing. In Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice (pp. 2906–2915). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Ransley, J. (2016). Policing through third parties: Increasing coercion or improving legitimacy? In The Politics of Policing: Between Force and Legitimacy (pp. 41–58). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Raven, B. H. (2008). The bases of power and the power/interaction model of interpersonal influence. Analysis of Social Issues and Public Policy, 8, 1–22. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-2415.2008.00159.xGoogle Scholar
Rosenbaum, D. P. (2002). Evaluating multi-agency anti-crime partnerships: Theory, design and measurement issues. In Tilley, N. (ed.) Evaluation for crime prevention Crime Prevention Studies (vol. 14, pp. 171–225). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, D. P., & Schuck, A. M. (2012). Comprehensive community partnerships for preventing crime. Oxford Handbooks Online. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398823.013.0012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shearing, C. (1996). Reinventing policing: Policing as governance. In Marenin, O. (ed.), Policing Change, Changing Police: International Perspectives. Current Issues in Criminal Justice (vol. 4, pp. 285–308). New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Sheperdson, P., Clancey, G., Lee, M., & Crofts, T. (2014). Community safety and crime prevention partnerships: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 3(1), 107–120.Google Scholar
Simon, J. (2007). Governing through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, M. J., & Mazerolle, L. (2013). Using Civil Actions against Property to Control Crime Problems (Problem-Oriented Guides for Police, Response Guide Series No. 11). Washington, DC: Center for Problem-Oriented Policing, US Department of Justice.Google Scholar
Sparrow, M. (1994). Imposing Duties: Government’s Changing Approach to Compliance. Westport: Praeger.Google Scholar
Sparrow, M. (2000). The Regulatory Craft: Controlling Risks, Solving Problems, and Managing Compliance. Washington, DC: Brookings Press.Google Scholar
Sparrow, M. K. (2015). Measuring Performance in a Modern Police Organization. New Perspectives in Policing. Harvard Executive Session on Policing and Public Safety. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice.Google Scholar
Stiglitz, J. (2010). Government failure vs. market failure: principles of regulation. In Balleisen, E., & Moss, D. (eds.), Government and Markets: Towards a New Theory of Regulation. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stuart, F., Armenta, A., & Osborne, M. (2015). Legal control of marginal groups. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 11, 235–254.Google Scholar
Swan, S. (2015). Home Rules. Duke Law Journal, 64, 823–900.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., & Braga, A. A. (eds.). (2006). Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., Mastrofski, S. D., McNally, A. M., Greenspan, R., & Willis, J. J. (2003). Reforming to Preserve: Compstat and Strategic Problem Solving in American Policing. Criminology and Public Policy, 2(3), 421–456.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., & Telep, C. (2014). Hot spots policing: What we know and what we need to know. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 30(2), 200–220.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., Telep, C. W., Hinkle, J .C., & Eck, J. E. (2010). Is problem-oriented policing effective in reducing crime and disorder? Criminology and Public Policy, 9, 139–172.Google Scholar
Wood, D. M., Ball, K., Lyon, D., Norris, C., & Raab, C. (2006). A report on the surveillance society. Surveillance Studies Network, UK.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×