Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T16:35:04.173Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 January 2023

Brandon del Pozo
Affiliation:
Brown University, Rhode Island
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Police and the State
Security, Social Cooperation, and the Public Good
, pp. 222 - 238
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ACLU of New York. (2021). Annual stop-and-frisk numbers. Accessed January 17, 2021, from Stop-and-frisk data: www.nyclu.org/en/stop-and-frisk-dataGoogle Scholar
Alang, S., McAlpine, D., McCreedy, E., & Hardeman, R. (2017). Police brutality and black health: Setting the agenda for public health scholars. American Journal of Public Health, 107(5), 662665. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303691CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexander, M. (2010). The New Jim Crow. New York: The New Press.Google Scholar
Allan, J. (2017). Majoritarianism. Bond Law Review, 29(2), 187196.Google Scholar
Allen, D., & Barzel, Y. (2009). The evolution of criminal law and policing during the pre-modern era. The Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 27(3), 540567. doi:10.1093/jleo/ewp030Google Scholar
American Civil Liberties Union. (n.d.). Know your rights: Demonstrations and protests. Accessed from www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/field_pdf_file/kyr_protests.pdfGoogle Scholar
American Public Health Association. (2019). Public Health Code of Ethics. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.Google Scholar
Anderson, E. (1999). What is the point of equality? Ethics, 109, 287337.Google Scholar
Anderson, E., & Burris, S. (2017). Policing and public health: Not quite the right analogy. Policing and Society, 27(3), 300313. doi:10.1080/10439463.2016.1231188Google Scholar
Applbaum, A. (1999). Ethics for Adversaries. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Applbaum, A. (2010). Legitimacy and the duty to obey. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 38(3), 215239.Google Scholar
Arneson, R. (2000). Luck egalitarianism and prioritarianism. Ethics, 110(2), 339349. Accessed from www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/233272CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arraf, J. (2018, April 3). Ahead of Iraq’s elections, Muqtada Al-Sadr reinvents himself – Again. Accessed from www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/04/03/598004675/ahead-of-iraqs-elections-muqtada-al-sadr-reinvents-himself-againGoogle Scholar
Baker, A. (2015, December 11). U.S. police leaders, visiting Scotland, get lessons on avoiding deadly force. The New York Times, p. A1.Google Scholar
Baker, A., & Zraick, K. (2008, December 23). Police project credited with cutting crime in tough precincts. The New York Times, p. A20. Accessed from www.nytimes.com/2008/12/24/nyregion/24crime.htmlGoogle Scholar
Balko, R. (2018, August 22). Militarized policing doesn’t reduce crime and disproportionately hits black communities. The Wall Street Journal. Accessed from www.washingtonpost.com/news/opinions/wp/2018/08/22/militarized-policing-doesnt-reduce-crime-and-disproportionately-hits-black-communities/Google Scholar
Banton, M. (1964). The Policeman in the Community. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Banton, M. (2005). Police as peace officers. In Newburn, T. (Ed.), Policing (pp. 132140). Portland, OR: Willan Publishing.Google Scholar
Barkow, R. (2019). Prisoners of Politics: Breaking the Cycle of Mass Incarceration. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Barry, D., & Singer, J. (2018, October 16). The case of Jane Doe Pontail. The New York Times. Accessed from www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/11/nyregion/sex-workers-massage-parlor.htmlGoogle Scholar
Bergengruen, V. (2018, May 18). A cleric’s rise is a “Crushing Reminder” for some Iraq war veterans. Accessed from: www.buzzfeednews.com/article/verabergengruen/al-sadr-election-iraq-war-veteransGoogle Scholar
Betz, J. (1988). Police violence. In Elliston, F. & Feldberg, M. (Eds.), Moral Issues in Police Work (pp. 177196). Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Bier, D. (2016, September 14). It has never been safer to be a Cop. Accessed from www.newsweek.com/it-has-never-been-safer-be-cop-372025Google Scholar
Bittner, E. (1970). The Functions of the Police in Modern Society. Chevy Chase, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.Google Scholar
Bittner, E. (1988). The core of the police role. In Moral Issues in Police Work (pp. 1525). Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Bittner, E. (1990). Aspects of Police Work. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.Google Scholar
Bogel-Burroughs, N. (2019, July 4). Las Vegas police fire an officer who ‘Froze’ during the 2017 Massacre. The New York Times, p. A14. Accessed from www.nytimes.com/2019/07/03/us/las-vegas-shooting-police-officer.htmlGoogle Scholar
Bohman, J. (1995). Public reason and cultural pluralism: Political liberalism and the problem of moral. Political Theory, 23(2), 253279. Accessed from www.jstor.org/stable/191879Google Scholar
Bonos, L. (2017, December 25). Lorde canceled her show in Israel over politics. Here’s how other musicians have handled it. The Washington Post. Accessed June 28, 2019 from www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2017/12/25/lorde-canceled-her-show-in-israel-over-politics-heres-how-other-musicians-have-handled-it/?utm_term=.680fca6299b5Google Scholar
Brennan Center for Justice. (2020, July 8). Police responses to COVID-19. Accessed December 31, 2020 from www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/police-responses-covid-19Google Scholar
Brettschneider, C. (2011). A substantive conception of the rule of law: Non-arbitrary treatment and the limits of procedure. In Fleming, J. (Ed.), Nomos: Getting to the Rule of Law (Vol. 50, pp. 5263). New York: New York University Press. Accessed from http://codolc.com/books/Getting_to_the_Rule_of_Law.pdfGoogle Scholar
Brower, B. (1994). The limits of public reason. The Journal of Philosophy, 41(1), 526.Google Scholar
Brown, E. (2020, September 1). Burlington protesters block Pearl Street during March. Accessed Janaury 14, 2021 from www.wcax.com/2020/09/01/burlington-protests-continue-block-roads-march-down-pearl-st/Google Scholar
Budryk, Z. (2020, September 3). Over 90 percent of protests this summer were peaceful, report shows. The Hill. Accessed January 15, 2021 from https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/515082-over-90-percent-of-protests-this-summer-were-peaceful-report-showsGoogle Scholar
Burch, A., & Blinder, A. (2019, June 5). Parkland officer who stayed outside during shooting faces criminal charges. The New York Times, p. A1. Accessed from www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/us/parkland-scot-peterson.htmlGoogle Scholar
Bureau of Justice Assistance. (2013). Smartphone Thefts and Robberies: Growing Trends and Promising Practices. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice. Accessed from file:///C:/Users/brand/Downloads/787972%20(1).pdfGoogle Scholar
Burkhardt, B., & Baker, K. (2019). Agency Correlates of Police Militarization: The Case of MRAPs. Police Quarterly, 22(2), 161191. doi:10.1177/1098611118800780Google Scholar
Burlington Police Department. (2018, February 23). @OneNorthAvenue. Accessed from Twittter: https://twitter.com/onenorthavenue/status/967110041521344514Google Scholar
Burris, S., & Koester, S. (2013). Investigating the intersection of policing and public health. PLOS Medicine, 10(12), 12. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001571Google Scholar
Caspar, J., Tyler, T., & Fisher, B. (1988). Procedural justice in Felony cases. Law & Society Review, 22(3), 483508. Accessed from www.jstor.org/stable/3053626Google Scholar
Caputo, A. (2015, May 8). Chicago police sobriety checkpoints target black, Latino neighborhoods. Chicago Tribune. Accessed from www.chicagotribune.com/investigations/ct-dui-checkpoints-chicago-met-20150507-story.htmlGoogle Scholar
CBS New York. (2012, April 7). Pillow fighters do battle in Washington Square Park. Accessed from CBS Local: https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2012/04/07/pillow-fighters-do-battle-in-washington-square-park/Google Scholar
Center for Disease Control. (2018, December 31). LCWK1. Deaths, percent of total deaths, and death rates for the 15 leading causes of death in 5-year age groups, by race and hispanic origin, and sex: United States, 2017. Accessed from National Center for Health Statistics: www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/lcwk/lcwk1_hr_2017-a.pdf.Google Scholar
Christmas, H., & Srivastava, J. (2019). Public Health Approaches in Policing: A Discussion Paper. College of Policing. London: Public Health England.Google Scholar
Cicero, T., Eillis, M., & Chilcoat, H. (2018, December 1). Understanding the use of diverted buprenorphine. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 193, 117123. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.007Google Scholar
City News Service. (2020, December 29). Prosecutors’ association plans to fight DA Gascon’s new directives. Los Angeles Daily News. Accessed December 29, 2020, from www.dailynews.com/2020/12/29/prosecutors-association-plans-to-fight-da-gascons-new-directives/Google Scholar
City of Los Angeles. (2021). Los Angeles City Charter and Administrative Code. Accessed from Section 574. Powers and Duties of the Chief of Police: https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/los_angeles/latest/laac/0-0-0-2621Google Scholar
Clarke, R. (1999). Hot Products: Understanding, Anticipating and Reducing Demand for Stolen Goods. Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. London: Great Britain Home Office, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit.Google Scholar
Coakley, M. (2011, November). On the value of political legitimacy. Politics Philosophy & Economics, 10(4), 345369. doi:10.1177/1470594X10387272CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coaston, J. (2019, July 11). The state of New York protected Jeffrey Epstein – Not his victims. Accessed from Vox: www.vox.com/2019/7/11/20690320/jeffrey-epstein-new-york-manhattan-nypdGoogle Scholar
Colarossi, J. (2019, July 11). No Rx Required? Faster Access to Opioid-Based Medication Could Save Lives. Accessed from The Brink: Pioneering Research from Boston University: www.bu.edu/articles/2019/buprenorphine-without-prescription/Google Scholar
COPS. (2015). Final Report of the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Accessed from https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/taskforce_finalreport.pdfGoogle Scholar
Cross, B., & Besch, T. (2019). Why inconclusiveness is a problem for public reason. Law and Philosophy, 38, 407432. doi:10.1007/s10982-019-09358-2Google Scholar
Darby, D. (2019, January). Charles Mill’s liberal redemption song. Ethics, 129, 370397.Google Scholar
Davies, T. (1999). Recovering the original fourth amendment. Michigan Law Review, 98(3), 547750. doi:10.2307/1290314Google Scholar
DaxeJr., A. (2009). Employing Returning Combat Veterans as Law Enforcement Officers. Washington, DC: The International Association of Chiefs of Police.Google Scholar
del Pozo, B. (2018, February 23). Burlington police chief on student racial justice protests. The Vermont Cynic. Accessed January 22, 2021, from https://vtcynic.com/news/press-release-burlington-police-chief-on-student-racial-justice-protests/Google Scholar
del Pozo, B. (2019, November 13). Teach police not to lead with a gun. The New York Times. Accessed from www.nytimes.com/2019/11/13/opinion/police-shootings-guns.htmlGoogle Scholar
del Pozo, B. (2020, June 1). Justice is about more than the killing of George Floyd. The New York Times. Accessed from www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/opinion/george-floyd-police-protests.htmlGoogle Scholar
del Pozo, B., George, S. F., & Kasner, L. S. (2020). Decriminalization of diverted buprenorphine in Burlington, Vermont and Philadelphia: An intervention to reduce opioid overdose deaths. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 48(2), 373375. doi:10.1177/10731105220935353Google Scholar
della Cava, M., & Stucka, M. (2021, Febraury 27). Mass shootings surge in Ohio as nation faces record high. The Columbus Dispatch. Accessed from www.dispatch.com/story/news/2021/02/27/ohio-mass-shootings-nation-faces-high/6832599002/Google Scholar
Delmas, C. (2018). A Duty to Resist: When Disobedience Should Be Uncivil. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Donoghue, M. (2018, June 26). State’s attorneys at odds over drug prosecutions. The Rutland Herald, p. 1.Google Scholar
Dubber, M. (2005). The Police Power: Patriarchy and the Foundations of American Government. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Edwards, F., Hedwig, L., & Esposito, M. (2019). Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race-ethnicity, and sex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(34), 1679316798.Google Scholar
Ekmekci, P., & Arda, B. (2015). Enhancing John Rawls’s theory of justice to cover health and social determinants of health. Acta Bioethica, 21(2), 227236. doi:10.4067/S1726-569X2015000200009Google Scholar
Elliston, F., & Feldberg, M. (1985). Introduction. In Elliston, F., & Feldberg, M. (Eds.), Moral Issues in Police Work (pp. 113). Totowa, NJ.Google Scholar
Elletson, G. (2021, December 21). Burlington police chief asks for more officers after 30% mandated cut. VT Digger. Accessed Janaury 15, 2021, from https://vtdigger.org/2020/12/21/burlington-police-chief-asks-for-more-officers-after-30-mandated-cut/Google Scholar
Elster, J. (2003). Fairness and norms. Social Research, 73, 365376.Google Scholar
Engelbrecht, C. (2018, June 4). Fewer hispanics report domestic abuse. Police Fault Deportations. The New York Times, p. A12. Accessed from www.nytimes.com/2018/06/03/us/immigrants-houston-domestic-violence.htmlGoogle Scholar
Enoch, D. (2011). Giving practical reasons. Philosophers’ Imprint, 11(4), 122.Google Scholar
Enoch, D. (2014). Authority and reason-giving. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 99(2), 296332. doi:10.1111/j.1933-1592.2012.00610.xGoogle Scholar
Enoch, D. (2015). Against public reason. In Sobel, D., Vallentyne, P., & Wall, S. (Eds.), Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy (pp. 112142). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Etherington, D. (2015, February 11). Apple’s activation lock leads to big drops in smartphone theft worldwide. Accessed from Taech Crunch: https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/11/apples-activation-lock-leads-to-big-drops-in-smartphone-theft-worldwide/Google Scholar
FallonJr., R. (2005). Legitimacy and the constitution. Harvard Law Review, 118(6), 17871853. Accessed from www.jstor.org/stable/4093285Google Scholar
Fassin, D. (2011). Enforcing Order: An Ethnography of Urban Policing. (R. Gomme, Trans.) Malden, MA: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Ferguson, A. (2019). The Rise of Big Data Policing: Surveillance, Race and the Future of Law Enforcement. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Feuer, A. (2016, October 20). Officer’s killing of mentally ill Bronx woman echoes episode from 32 years ago. The New York Times, p. A22. Accessed from www.nytimes.com/2016/10/20/nyregion/fatal-police-shooting-in-bronx-echoes-one-from-32-years-ago.htmlGoogle Scholar
Feuer, A., & George, J. (2003, October 5). Police Subdue Tiger in Harlem Apartment. The New York Times. Accessed from www.nytimes.com/2003/10/05/nyregion/police-subdue-tiger-in-harlem-apartment.htmlGoogle Scholar
Feyerabend, P. (1962). Explanation, reduction and empiricism. In Feigl, H., & Maxwell, G. (Eds.), Scientific Explanation, Space, and Time (Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science vol. 3) (pp. 2897). Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press.Google Scholar
Fieschi, C. (2004). Populism: Introduction. Journal of Political Ideologies, 9(3), 235240.Google Scholar
Finlay, C. (2019, June 23). A duty to resist: When disobedience should be uncivil. Accessed from Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews: https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/a-duty-to-resist-when-disobedience-should-be-uncivil/Google Scholar
Flaccus, G. (2020, September 4). Portland’s grim reality: 100 days of protests, many violent. The Associated Press. Accessed January 20, 2021, from https://apnews.com/article/b57315d97dd2146c4a89b4636faa7b70Google Scholar
Flagg, A. (2019, May 13). Is there a connection between undocumented immigrants and crime? Accessed from The Marshall Project: www.themarshallproject.org/2019/05/13/is-there-a-connection-between-undocumented-immigrants-and-crimeGoogle Scholar
Floyd, et al. v. The City of New York, 959 F. Supp 2d 540 (United States District Court for the Southern District of New York August 12, 2013).Google Scholar
Fowler, E. (2017). North Avenue Crash & Injury Data. Burlington, VT: Burlington Police Department. Accessed from www.burlingtonvt.gov/sites/default/files/DPW/TransportationProjects/NorthAveStudy/Pilot/BPD%20North%20Ave%20Memo%20Draft%206.27.17.pdfGoogle Scholar
ForemanJr., J. (2017). Locking Up Our Own. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.Google Scholar
Fox, B., Moule, R., & Parry, M. (2018). Categorically complex: A latent class analysis of public perceptions of police militarization. Journal of Criminal Justice, 58(5), 3346. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.07.002Google Scholar
French, E. (2020, September 2). Turnout massive on 8th night of protest demanding firing of 3 Burlington cops. VT Digger. Accessed January 18, 2021, from https://vtdigger.org/2020/09/02/turnout-massive-on-8th-night-of-protest-demanding-firing-of-3-burlington-cops/Google Scholar
Fricker, M. (2000). Feminism in epistemology: Pluralism without postmodernism. In Fricker, M., & Hornsby, J. (Eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy (pp. 146165). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic Injustice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Friedman, B. (2017). Unwarranted. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Friedman, B., & Janszky, F. (2019). Policing’s information problem. Unpublished manuscript under review.Google Scholar
Fuller, L. (1959). Positivism and fidelity to the law: A reply to Hart. Harvard Law Review, 71, 630.Google Scholar
Fuller, L. (1969). The Morality of Law (revised ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Accessed from www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cc2mdsGoogle Scholar
Fyfe, J. (1986). The split second syndrome and other determinants of police violence. In Violent Transactions: The Limits of Personality (pp. 207223). Oxford: Basil-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Galston, W. (2018). Anti Pluralism. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Gardiner, S. (2010, August 3). NYPD set to aid Haitian Cops. The Wall Street Journal. Accessed from www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704271804575405632390017998Google Scholar
Gates, K. G. (2019, March 14). When civility is used as a cudgel against people of color. Accessed June 23, 2019, from National Public Radio: www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2019/03/14/700897826/when-civility-is-used-as-a-cudgel-against-people-of-colorGoogle Scholar
Gaus, G. (1994). Public reason and the rule of law. In Shapiro, I. (Ed.), Nomos: The Rule of Law (Vol. 36, pp. 328363). New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Gaus, G. (2011). The Order of Public Reason: A Theory of Freedom and Morality in a Diverse and Bounded World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gerety, R. M. (2020, December 28). An alternative to police that police can get behind. The Atlantic. Accessed December 28, 2020, from www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/12/cahoots-program-may-reduce-likelihood-of-police-violence/617477/Google Scholar
Giles, A. (2020, September 2). In multi-day protest, activists demand Burlington police fire three officers. Accessed January 24, 20201, from Vermont Public Radio: www.vpr.org/post/multi-day-protest-activists-demand-burlington-police-fire-three-officers#stream/0Google Scholar
Goldstein, D. (2015, 15 January). Blame liberals: A New Book Faults Ted Kennedy, Joe Biden and the NAACP for our Prison State. Accessed from The Marshal Project: www.themarshallproject.org/2015/01/15/blame-liberalsGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, J. (2013, August 12). Judge rejects New York’s stop-and-frisk policy. The New York Times, p. A1. Accessed from www.nytimes.com/2013/08/13/nyregion/stop-and-frisk-practice-violated-rights-judge-rules.htmlGoogle Scholar
Gordon, I., & Miller, S. (2014). Investigative Ethics. Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Goulka, J., del Pozo, B., & Beletsky, L. (2021). From public safety to public health: Re-envisioning the goals and methods of policing. Journal of Community Safety & Well-Being, 6(1). doi:10.35502/jcswb.184Google Scholar
Grayer, A., & Nobles, R. (2021, January 11). Two capitol police officers suspended and at least 10 more under investigation for alleged roles in riot. Accessed January 18, 2021, from CNN: www.cnn.com/2021/01/11/politics/capitol-police-officers-suspended-tim-ryan/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
Green, L. (1988). The Authority of the State. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, J. (1979). Communication and the Evolution of Society. (T. McCarthy, Trans.) Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Hall, J. (2013). The Importance of Being Civil: The Struggle for Political Decency. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Harmon, R. (2016). Why arrest? Michigan Law Review, 115, 307364.Google Scholar
Hart, H. (1995, April). Are there any natural rights? Philosophical Review, 64.Google Scholar
Hartman, K. M., & Liang, B. A. (1999, March). Exceptions to informed consent in in emergency medicine. Hospital Physician, 5359.Google Scholar
Hassanein, N. (2021, February 23). Young Black men and teens are killed by guns 20 times more than their white counterparts, CDC data shows. USA Today. Accessed from www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/02/23/young-black-men-teens-made-up-more-than-third-2019-gun-homicides/4559929001/Google Scholar
Hastings, M. (2018). Vietnam: An Epic Tragedy, 1945–1975. New York: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Hegel, G. W. (1821/1991). Elements of the Philosophy of Right. (Wood, A., Ed., & H. Nisbet, Trans.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hermann, P., & Zauzmer, J. (2021, January 11). Beaten, sprayed with mace and hit with stun guns: police describe injuries to dozens of officers during assault on U.S. Capitol. The Washington Post. Accessed January 18, 2021, from www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/police-capitol-injuires-trump/2021/01/11/ca68e3e2-5438-11eb-a08b-f1381ef3d207_story.htmlGoogle Scholar
Holder, S. (2019, July 25). What the fear campaign against immigrants is doing. Accessed from CityLab: www.citylab.com/equity/2019/07/immigration-ice-raids-deportation-fear-migrant-families/594532/Google Scholar
Hörnle, T. (2008). Social expectations in the criminal law: The ‘Reasonable Person’ in a comparative perspective. New Criminal Law Review: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal, 11(1), 132. doi:10.1525/nclr.2008.11.1.1Google Scholar
Hsu, A., & Shapiro, A. (2018, November 19). Rhode Island prisons push to get inmates the best treatment for opioid addiction. Accessed from National Public Radio: www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/11/19/668340844/rhode-island-prisons-push-to-get-inmates-the-best-treatment-for-opioid-addictionGoogle Scholar
Huey, L. (2007). Negotiating Demands : Politics of Skid Row Policing in Edinburgh, San Francisco, and Vancouver. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Hunt, L. (2018). The Retreival of Liberalism in Policing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Husak, D. (2009). Overcriminalization: The Limits of the Criminal Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Illinois Attorney General. (2019). Reforming Chicago’s Police Department. Accessed from Chicago Police Consent Decree: http://chicagopoliceconsentdecree.org/about/Google Scholar
Illing, S. (2018, November 9). Epistocracy: A political theorist’s case for letting only the informed vote. Accessed January 26, 2021, from www.vox.com/2018/7/23/17581394/against-democracy-book-epistocracy-jason-brennanGoogle Scholar
Ingram, C. (2019, July 17). Drug overdoses fell significantly in 2018 for first time in decades, provisional CDC data show. Accessed from The Washington Post: www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/07/17/drug-overdoses-fell-significantly-first-time-decades-provisional-cdc-data-show/Google Scholar
Irby, K. (2018, January 24). DOJ threatens 23 immigrant sanctuary jurisdictions with subpoenas. Accessed from Governing: www.governing.com/topics/public-justice-safety/tns-sanctuary-subpoenas-justice-department.htmlGoogle Scholar
Jackall, R. (2005). Street Stories: The World of Police Detectives. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Jackson, L. (2019, June 1). Change agents: A new wave of reform prosecutors upends the status Quo. American Bar Association Journal. Accessed from www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/change-agents-reform-prosecutorsGoogle Scholar
Jackson, P. (2019, July 19). Donald Trump is the archetypal far-right charismatic leader. The Guardian. Accessed January 15, 2021, from www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jul/19/donald-trump-archetypal-far-right-charismatic-leaderGoogle Scholar
Janowitz, M. (1975). Sociological theory and social control. American Journal of Sociology, 81(1), 82108.Google Scholar
Jicking, K. (2019, April 17). Burlington screens arrestees for substance use disorders. Seven Days. Accessed from www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/burlington-screens-arrestees-for-substance-use-disorders/Content?oid=27208795Google Scholar
Johnson, J. (2019). Co-opting the police: What can be done about “Profiling By Proxy?”. Accessed from National Police Foundation: www.policefoundation.org/co-opting-the-police-what-can-be-done-about-profiling-by-proxy/Google Scholar
Kanno-Youngs, Z., & Davis-O’Brien, R. (2019, January 2). Former De Blasio Fundraiser found guilty in police corruption trial. The Wall Street Journal. Accessed from www.wsj.com/articles/former-de-blasio-fundraiser-found-guilty-in-police-corruption-trial-11546456170Google Scholar
Kant, I. (1785). Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals.Google Scholar
Kass, N. E. (2001). An ethics framework for public health. American Journal of Public Health, 91(11), 17761782. doi:10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1776Google Scholar
Kavanaugh, M. M., & Singh, R. (2020). Democracy, capacity, and coercion in pandemic response: COVID-19 in comparative political perspective. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 45(6), 9971012. doi:10.1215/03616878-8641530Google Scholar
Kelling, G., & Wilson, J. (1982, March). Broken windows: The police and neighborhood safety. The Atlantic Monthly, pp. 29–38. Accessed from www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1982/03/broken-windows/304465/Google Scholar
Kemp, J. (2012, April 11). Bandit swipes iPhone from subway sleeper, cop uses iPad application to track it. New York Daily News. Accessed from www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bandit-swipes-iphone-subway-sleeper-ipad-application-track-article-1.1059574Google Scholar
Kifner, J. (2006, August 16). Hezbollah leads work to rebuild, gaining stature. The New York Times, p. A1. Accessed from www.nytimes.com/2006/08/16/world/middleeast/16hezbollah.htmlGoogle Scholar
Kleinig, J. (1996). The Ethics of Policing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kleinig, J. (2008). Criminal Justice Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Klinenberg, E. (2019). Palaces for the People: How Social Infrastructure Can Fight Inequality, Polarization, and the Decline of Civic Life. New York: Crown Publishers.Google Scholar
Klosko, G. (2019). Why Should We Obey the Law? Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Kraska, P. (2007). Militarization and policing: Its relevance to 21st century police. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 1(4), 501513.Google Scholar
Kraska, P., & Kappeler, V. (1997). Militarizing American Police: The rise and normalization of paramilitary units. Social Problems, 44, 1-18. doi:10.2307/3096870Google Scholar
Kuhn, S. A., & Meares, T. L. (2020). Implementing checklists to improve police responses to co-victims of gun violence. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 48(4_suppl)), 3946. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110520979400Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1996 ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lang, M. J., & Jamison, P. (2021, January 8). Rioters breached the Capitol as they waved pro-police flags. Police support on the right may be eroding, experts warn. The Washington Post. Accessed January 17, 2021, from www.washingtonpost.com/local/capitol-police-officers-support/2021/01/08/a16e07a2-51da-11eb-83e3-322644d82356_story.htmlGoogle Scholar
Laqueur, T. (2018, October 11). Lynched for drinking from a White Man’s well. London Review of Books, 40(19), 1115.Google Scholar
Larmore, C. (1999, December). The moral basis of political liberalism. The Journal of Philosophy, 96(12), 599625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laudan, L. (2006). Truth, Error, and Criminal Law: An Essay in Legal Epistemology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Leland, R. (2019). Civic friendship, public reason. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 47(1), 72103.Google Scholar
Lenowitz, J. (2019). On the empirical measurement of legitimacy. In Knight, J., & Schwartzberg, M. (Eds.), Nomos: Political Legitimacy (Vol. LXI, pp. 293327). New York: NYU Press.Google Scholar
Lentz, S. A., & Chaires, R. H. (2007). The invention of Peel’s principles: A study of policing “textbook” history. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(1), 6979.Google Scholar
Lester, D. (1983). Why do people become police officers: A study of reasons and their predictions of success. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 11(2), 140174.Google Scholar
Livingston, A. (2019, July). Against civil disobedience: On Candice Delmas’ a duty to resist. Res Publica, 25, 17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11158-019-09434-3Google Scholar
Leverenz, C. (1996). Collaboration, race, and the rhetoric of evasion. JAC, 16(2), 297312. Accessed March 20, 2021, from www.jstor.org/stable/20866081Google Scholar
Locke, J. (1690/2003). Two treatises of government and a letter concerning toleration. (I. Shapiro, Ed.)Google Scholar
Long, A. (2021, March 16). No more arrests for sex workers in New York, de Blasio says. AM NY. Accessed March 18, 2021, from www.amny.com/news/no-more-arrests-for-sex-workers-in-new-york-de-blasio-says/Google Scholar
Loveluck, L. (2018, May 7). As Lebanon chooses a new parliament, Hezbollah gains power and prime minister’s fortunes fade. The Washington Post. Accessed from www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/as-lebanon-chooses-a-new-parliament-hezbollah-gains-power-and-prime-ministers-fortunes-fade/2018/05/07/0c920952-5166-11e8-a6d4-ca1d035642ce_story.htmlGoogle Scholar
Luban, D. (1988). Lawyers and Justice: An Ethical Study. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
McCarthy, G. (2012). Using stop and frisk powers responsibly. In LaVigne, Lachman, Matthews, , & Neusteter, (Eds.), Key Issues in the Police Use of Pedestrian Stops and Searches (pp. 3743). Washington, DC: The Urban Instiute.Google Scholar
McClay, W. (2017). Populism. The Hedgehog Review, 19(2), 125127.Google Scholar
Meares, T. (2016). Is procedural justice the secret ingredient? Accessed from www.youtube.com/watch?v=OeRyOJwNZrMGoogle Scholar
Merriam-Webster, . (2019). Definition of “civility.” Accessed from Merriam-Webster Online: www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/civilityGoogle Scholar
Meyer, M. J. (2000). Liberal civility and the civility of Etiquette: Public ideals and personal lives. Social Theory and Practice, 26(1), 6984. Accessed from www.jstor.org/stable/23561048Google Scholar
Mill, J. S. (1859/2001). On Liberty. Kitchener, Ontario: Batoche Books. Accessed from https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/mill/liberty.pdfGoogle Scholar
Miller, D. (2017). Justice. In Zalta, E (Ed.), Stanford Encylopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Accessed from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2017/entries/justiceGoogle Scholar
Miller, S. (2016). Shooting to Kill. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, S., & Blackler, J. (2017). Ethical Issues in Policing. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Miller, S. (2014). The Moral Foundations of Social Institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mills, C. (2005). “Ideal Theory” as ideology. Hypatia, 20(3), 165184. Accessed from www.jstor.org/stable/3811121Google Scholar
Mills, C. (2013). Retrieving Rawls for racial justice? A critique of Tommie Shelby. Critical Philosophy of Race, 1(1), 127.Google Scholar
Moore, E. (2016, July 25). Black Lives Matter on Michael Jordan: He’s “Clueless.” Accessed November 20, 2017, from DNA.info: www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20160725/englewood/black-lives-matter-on-michael-jordan-hes-clueless/Google Scholar
Monaghan, J. (2017). The special moral obligations of law enforcement. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 25(2), 218237. doi:10.1111/jopp.12123Google Scholar
Monaghan, J. (2021). Boundary policing. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 49(1), 2650.Google Scholar
Moskop, J. (1983). Rawlsian justice and a human right to health care. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 8(4), 329338. doi:10.1093/jmp/8.4.329Google Scholar
Moule, R., Parry, M., Burruss, G., & Fox, B. (2019). Assessing the direct and indirect effects of legitimacy on public empowerment of police. Law & Society Review, 53(1), 77107. doi:10.1111/lasr.12379Google Scholar
Mudde, C., & Rovira-Kaltwasser, C. (2013). Populism. In Freeden, M., & Stears, M. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies (pp. 494515). Oxford: Oxford Univeristy Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0026Google Scholar
MuirJr., W. (1977). Police: Streetcorner Politicians. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Muller, J.-W. (2016). What Is Populism? Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Mummolo, J. (2018). Militarization fails to enhance police safety or reduce crime but may harm police reputation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(37), 91819186. doi:10.1073/pnas.1805161115Google Scholar
Murakawa, N. (2014). The First Civil Right. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Murray, E. (2019, June 18). How Police, UVM Medical Center and Howard Center Respond to Mental Health Crisis. The Burlington Free Press, p. 5.Google Scholar
NCSL. (2018, July 27). National Conference of State Legislators. Accessed from Self Defense and “Stand Your Ground”: www.ncsl.org/research/civil-and-criminal-justice/self-defense-and-stand-your-ground.aspxGoogle Scholar
Neocleous, M. (1998). Policing the system of needs: Hegel, political economy, and the police of the market. History of European Ideas, 24(1), 4358.Google Scholar
New York v. Quarles, 82-1213 (467 U.S. 649 (1984)). Accessed from https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/467/649/Google Scholar
Nourse, V. (2008). After the reasonable man: Getting over the subjectivity objectivity question. New Criminal Law Review: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal, 11(1), 3350. Accessed from https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2133&context=facpubGoogle Scholar
Nowrasteh, A. (2019, March 4). Illegal Immigrants and Crime – Assessing the Evidence. Accessed from The Cato Institute: www.cato.org/blog/illegal-immigrants-crime-assessing-evidenceGoogle Scholar
Nozick, R. (1974). Anarchy, State and Utopia. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Obasogie, O. (2019, August 2). The bad-apple myth of policing. The Atlantic. Accessed from www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/08/how-courts-judge-police-use-force/594832/Google Scholar
Oberheim, E., & Hoyningen-Huene, P. (2018). The incommensurability of scientific theories. In Zalta, E. (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Accessed from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: https://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry=incommensurabilityGoogle Scholar
Olding, R. (2020, July 3). Portland protesters set fire to federal courthouse. The Daily Beast. Accessed January 14, 2020, from www.thedailybeast.com/portland-protesters-set-fire-to-federal-courthouse-cops-declare-demonstration-a-riotGoogle Scholar
Parijs, P. V. (1991). Why surfers should be fed: The liberal case for an unconditional basic income. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 2(2), 101131. Accessed from www.jstor.org/stable/2265291Google Scholar
Pasternak, A. (2018). Political rioting: A moral assessment. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 46(4), 384418. doi:doi.org/10.1111/papa.12132Google Scholar
Peace Officers. (2019). New York State criminal procedure law (Article 2).Google Scholar
Peter, F. (2017). Legitimacy. In Zalta, E. (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Accessed from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2018/entries/legitimacy/Google Scholar
Peter, F. (2019). Political legitimacy under epistemic constraints: Why public reasons matter. In Knight, J., & Schwartzberg, M. (Eds.), Nomos: Political Legitimacy (Vol. LXI, pp. 147173). New York: NYU Press.Google Scholar
Pfaff, J. (2017). Locked In: The True Causes of Mass Incarceration-and How to Achieve Real Reform. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Phillips, S. (2018). Police Militarization: Understanding the Perspectives of Police Chiefs, Administrators, and Tactical Officers. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Quattlebaum, M., Meares, T., & Tyler, T. (2018). Principles of Procedurally Just Policing. The Justice Collaboratory. New Haven, CT: Yale Law School. Accessed from https://law.yale.edu/system/files/area/center/justice/principles_of_procedurally_just_policing_report.pdfGoogle Scholar
Quong, J. (2018). Public reason. In Zalta, E. (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Accessed from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2018/entries/public-reason/Google Scholar
Radil, S., Dezzani, R., & McAden, L. (2017). Geographies of U.S. Police militarization and the role of the 1033 Program. The Professional Geographer, 69(2), 203213. doi:10.1080/00330124.2016.1212666Google Scholar
Rand Corporation. (2005). Research Brief: Rebuilding Security Forces and Institutions in Iraq. Santa Monica, CA: National Defense Research Institute. Accessed July 7, 2019, from www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_briefs/2005/RAND_RB9134.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ratcliffe, J. (2015). Towards an index for harm-focused policing. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Pratice, 9, 164182.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. (1964). Legal obligation and the duty of fair play. In Hook, S., Law and Philosophy. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. (1996). Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. (1997). The idea of public reason revisited. University of Chicago Law Review, 64(3), 765807.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. (1999). A Theory of Justice (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. (1999/1988). The priority of right and ideas of the good. In Freeman, S. (Ed.), Collected Papers (pp. 449472). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. (1972). Legal principles and the limits of law. Yale Law Journal, 81(5), 823854. Accessed from https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylj/vol81/iss5/2Google Scholar
Reiman, J. (1988). The social contract and the police use of deadly force. In Elliston, F., & Feldberg, M. (Eds.), Moral Issues in Police Work (pp. 237249). Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Richards, E. P., & Rathburn, K. C. (1977). The legal basis for public health. In Scutchfield, F. D., & Keck, C. W. (Eds.), Principles of Public Health (pp. 4254). Boston, MA: Delmar Publishers.Google Scholar
Robles, F. (2017, August 25). As white nationalist in Charlottesville fired, police ‘Never Moved’. The New York Times. Accessed June 24, 2019, from www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/charlottesville-protest-police.htmlGoogle Scholar
Rodin, D. (2004). Terrorism without intention. Ethics, 14(4), 752771.Google Scholar
Rose, G. (1985). Sick individuals and sick populations. International Journal of Epidemiology, 30(1), 3228. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/14.1.32Google Scholar
Sandel, M. (1998). Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Scanlon, T. (1998). What We Owe to Each Other. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Schiff, M. (2012, October). Taking responsibility: A conversation on restorative justice and youth. (S. Schweig, Interviewer) CourtInnovation.org. Accessed from www.courtinnovation.org/publications/taking-responsibility-conversation-restorative-justice-and-youthGoogle Scholar
Schrader, S. (2019). To protect and serve themselves: Police in US politics since the 1960s. Public Culture, 31(3), 601623. doi:10.1215/08992363-7532667Google Scholar
Schulhofer, S. (1992). Plea bargaining as disaster. Yale Law Journal, 101(8), 19792009.Google Scholar
Schulman, M. (2018, September 10). When bees go rogue, call the NYPD. Accessed from The New Yorker: www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/09/17/when-bees-go-rogue-call-the-nypdGoogle Scholar
Seppel, M. (2017). Introduction. In Seppel, M., & Tribe, K. (Eds.), Cameralism in Practice: State Administration and Economy in Early Modern Europe. Rochester, NY: Boydell and Brewer. Accessed from www.jstor.org.ezproxy.gc.cuny.edu/stable/10.7722/j.ctt1t6p64sGoogle Scholar
Shah, A. (2013, July 18). Prosecutors Say They’ll Scrutinize Apple, Samsung Phone Security Features. Accessed from PCWorld: www.pcworld.com/article/2044659/apple-samsung-phone-security-features-to-be-scrutinized.htmlGoogle Scholar
Sharkey, P. (2018). Uneasy Peace: The Great Crime Decline, the Renewal of Civic Life, and the Next War on Violence. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Shelby, T. (2007). Justice, Deviancs, and the Dark Ghetto. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 35(2), 126160.Google Scholar
Shelby, T. (2013). Racial realities and corrective justice: A reply to Charles Mills. Critical Philosophy of Race, 1(2), 145162.Google Scholar
Shue, H. (1996). Subsistence, Affluence and U.S. Foreign Policy, 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Simmons, A. (1999). Justification and legitimacy. Ethics, 109(4), 739771.Google Scholar
Singer, P. (1972). Famine, affluence and morality. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1(3), 229243.Google Scholar
Skolnick, J. (1988). Deception by police. In Elliston, F., & Feldberg, M. (Eds.), Moral Issues in Police Work (pp. 7598). New Jersey: Rowman & Littlefield .Google Scholar
Soss, J., & Weaver, V. (2017). Police are our government: Politics, political science, and the policing of race–class subjugated communities. Annual Review of Political Science, 20(1), 565591. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-060415-093825Google Scholar
Souza, J. (2020, December 3). Berkeley City Council moves forward with plan on reimagining public safety. The Daily Californian. Accessed December 20, 2020, from www.dailycal.org/2020/12/03/berkeley-city-council-moves-forward-with-plan-on-reimagining-public-safety/Google Scholar
Stoughton, S. (2015). Law enforcement’s “Warrior” problem. Harvard Law Review, 128(6), 225234.Google Scholar
Stuntz, W. (2011). The Collapse of American Criminal Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Symon, E. (2021, January 5). Recall movement against San Francisco DA Chesa Boudin Grows. California Globe. Accessed January 6, 2021, from https://californiaglobe.com/section-2/recall-movement-against-san-francisco-da-chesa-boudin-grows/Google Scholar
Tankebe, J. (2009). Policing, procedural fairness and public behaviour: A review and critique. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 11(1), 819. doi:10.1350/ijps.2009.11.1.105Google Scholar
Ohio, Terry v., 391 U.S. 1 (Supreme Court of the United States) June 10, 1968.Google Scholar
Thacher, D. (2014). Order maintenance policing. In Reisig, M., & Kane, R. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing (pp. 123147). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199843886.013.014Google Scholar
Thacher, D. (2018). The aspiration of scientific policing. Law & Social Inquiry, 44(1), 273297.Google Scholar
Thacher, D. (2019). The limits of procedural justice. In Weisburd, D., & Braga, A. (Eds.), Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives (pp. 95118). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Thomson, J. J. (1971). A defense of abortion. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1(1), 4766. Accessed from www.jstor.org/stable/2265091?origin=JSTOR-pdf&seq=1Google Scholar
Tyler, T. (2000). Multiculturalism and the willingness of citizens to defer to law and to legal authorities. Law and Social Inquiry, 25, 9831019.Google Scholar
Tyler, T. (2003). Procedural justice, legitimacy, and the effective rule of law. Crime and Justice, 30, 283357. Accessed from www.jstor.org/stable/1147701Google Scholar
Tyler, T. (2006). Why People Obey the Law. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tyler, T. (2013). Popular legitimacy and the exercise of legal authority: Motivating compliance, cooperation, and engagement. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 1–17. doi:10.1037/a0034514Google Scholar
Tyler, T. (2014). What are legitimacy and procedural justice in policing? And why are they becoming key elements of police leadership? In Fischer, C. (Ed.), Legitimacy and Procedural Justice (pp. 631). Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.Google Scholar
Tyler, T. (2019). Evaluating consensual models of governance: Legitimacy-based law. In Knight, J., & Schwartzberg, M. (Eds.), Nomos: Political Legitimacy (Vol. LXI, pp. 257291). New York: NYU Press.Google Scholar
United States Department of Justice. (2015). Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department. Civil Rights Division. Accessed from www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdfGoogle Scholar
Vance, J. W. (2020, June 4). Want to reform the criminal justice system? Focus on prosecutors. Time. Accessed December 19, 2020, from https://time.com/5863783/prosecutors-criminal-justice-reform/Google Scholar
Viehoff, D. (2014). Democratic equality and political authority. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 42(4), 337375. doi:10.1111/papa.12036Google Scholar
Viehoff, D. (2016). Authority and expertise. Journal of Political Philosophy, 24(4), 406426. doi:10.1111/jopp.12100Google Scholar
Viehoff, D. (2019). Legitimacy as a right to err. In Knight, J., & Schwartzberg, M. (Eds.), Nomos: Political Legitimacy (Vol. LXI, pp. 174200). New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Vitale, A. (2017). The End of Policing. New York: Verso Books.Google Scholar
Waddington, P. (2015). Revisiting the classics: Streetcorner politicians. Policing and Society, 25(6), 681686. doi:dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2015.1091649Google Scholar
Wagner, P., & Sawyer, W. (2018, June). States of incarceration: The global context 2018. Accessed from Prison Policy Initiative: www.prisonpolicy.org/global/2018.htmlGoogle Scholar
Waldron, J. (2011). The rule of law and the importance of procedure. In Fleming, J. (Ed.), Nomos: Getting to the Rule of Law (Vol. 50, pp. 331). New York: New York University Press. Accessed from http://codolc.com/books/Getting_to_the_Rule_of_Law.pdfGoogle Scholar
Walters, J. (2017, August 15). Militia leaders who descended on Charlottesville condemn ‘Rightwing Lunatics’. The Guardian. Accessed June 24, 2019, from www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/15/charlottesville-militia-free-speech-violenceGoogle Scholar
Waxman, O. (2018, May 18). How the U.S. got its police force. Time. Accessed from https://time.com/4779112/police-history-origins/Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1918/1965). Politics as a Vocation. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press.Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weichselbaum, S., & Schwartzapfel, B. (2017, April 30). When warriors put on the badge. Accessed from The Marshall Project: www.themarhsallproject.org/2017/03/30/when-warriors-put-on-the-badgeGoogle Scholar
Weisberg, J. (2012). The bootstrapping problem. Philosophy Compass 7(9), 597610.Google Scholar
West, R. (2011). The limits of process. In Fleming, J. (Ed.), Nomos: Getting to the Rule of Law (Vol. 50, pp. 3251). New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Whack, E. (2018, April 19). Two black men arrested at Starbucks get apology from police. Accessed June 23, 2019, from The Associated Press: https://apnews.com/45547c3ae5324b679e982c4847ee1378Google Scholar
Whitney, L. (2013, June 13). Prosecutors team up to combat smartphone thefts. Accessed from CNET: www.cnet.com/news/prosecutors-team-up-to-combat-smartphone-thefts/Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Brandon del Pozo, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book: The Police and the State
  • Online publication: 17 January 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009215435.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Brandon del Pozo, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book: The Police and the State
  • Online publication: 17 January 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009215435.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Brandon del Pozo, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book: The Police and the State
  • Online publication: 17 January 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009215435.012
Available formats
×