My theme in the following is Manfred Frank's interpretation of “postmetaphysical” European philosophy. I want to express some solidarity with his hesitations about the program he calls “neostructuralism” and also to raise several questions about the “counterneostructuralist” program that Frank has been defending in many works since the early 1980s, especially about the nature of his appeal to complexly linked themes in German romantic philosophy, preintentional theories of self-awareness, hermeneutics, and Sartrean existentialism. As my chapter title already implies, for Frank, not to be a neostructuralist is to have taken up some strong stand on the irreducibility and ineliminability of subjectivity, especially on the nature and importance of self-awareness and on the implications of such a possibility for any general theory of the intelligibility of anything. (Although the “problem of subjectivity” is a well-known formulation, I note that, in this context, I understand claims about “the priority and irreducibility of the subject” to be simply the name for the counterposition against “objectivism,” the position that holds that the knowing, perceiving, and acting subject must be understood as just another, however unique, object in the world, in the best way objects in the world are understood, by modern natural science.