The final chapter discusses the implications of these trends for partisan polarization in Congress. The prognosis is not good, and polarization is likely to persist in the years ahead. However, the findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of polarization and leave us with lessons for the future. The focus on the supply of congressional candidates also reconciles the puzzle of how polarization has continued to increase with the recent null findings around the gerrymandering, public election funding, and party primary hypotheses. Previous policy reforms have yielded less than fruitful outcomes, and the argument here sheds light on why these reforms have been less successful than expected. This book instead suggests that the congressional candidate pool is a more promising place to start.