Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Editors' preface
- Keynote address to the 1977 Symposium SIR JAMES LIGHTHILL
- Part I The large-scale climatology of the tropical atmosphere
- 1 Teleconnections of rainfall anomalies in the tropics and subtropics
- 2 Northern summer planetary-scale monsoons during drought and normal rainfall months
- 3 The annual oscillation of the tropospheric temperature in the northern hemisphere
- 4 Summer mean energetics for standing and transient eddies in the wavenumber domain
- 5 Monitoring the monsoon outflow from geosynchronous satellite data
- 6 Predictability of monsoons
- 7 A review of general-circulation model experiments on the Indian monsoon
- 8 Simulation of the Asian summer monsoon by an 11-layer general-circulation model
- 9 Analysis of monsoonal quasi-stationary systems as revealed in a real-data prediction experiment
- 10 A model of the seasonally varying planetary-scale monsoon
- 11 Wave interactions in the equatorial atmosphere – an analytical Study
- Part II The summer monsoon over the Indian subcontinent and East Africa
- Part III The physics and dynamics of the Indian Ocean during the summer monsoon
- Part IV Some important mathematical modelling techniques
- Part V Storm surges and flood forecasting
- Index
7 - A review of general-circulation model experiments on the Indian monsoon
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 November 2011
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Editors' preface
- Keynote address to the 1977 Symposium SIR JAMES LIGHTHILL
- Part I The large-scale climatology of the tropical atmosphere
- 1 Teleconnections of rainfall anomalies in the tropics and subtropics
- 2 Northern summer planetary-scale monsoons during drought and normal rainfall months
- 3 The annual oscillation of the tropospheric temperature in the northern hemisphere
- 4 Summer mean energetics for standing and transient eddies in the wavenumber domain
- 5 Monitoring the monsoon outflow from geosynchronous satellite data
- 6 Predictability of monsoons
- 7 A review of general-circulation model experiments on the Indian monsoon
- 8 Simulation of the Asian summer monsoon by an 11-layer general-circulation model
- 9 Analysis of monsoonal quasi-stationary systems as revealed in a real-data prediction experiment
- 10 A model of the seasonally varying planetary-scale monsoon
- 11 Wave interactions in the equatorial atmosphere – an analytical Study
- Part II The summer monsoon over the Indian subcontinent and East Africa
- Part III The physics and dynamics of the Indian Ocean during the summer monsoon
- Part IV Some important mathematical modelling techniques
- Part V Storm surges and flood forecasting
- Index
Summary
After simulating the global aspects of climate for a number of years, general circulation models (GCMs) have recently been applied to studies of the monsoon. Despite differences in models, simulated large-scale features agree quite well with observations. The Somali Jet, tropical jet stream, and pressure and wind patterns are well simulated, but many small-scale features are not. Recent experiments give insight into the role of mountains and ocean-surface temperature anomalies in the monsoon circulation. Previous work with such models is reviewed, and several speculations about the use of GCMs for monsoon simulation are made.
Introduction
General circulation models (GCMs) have recently been applied to the study of the summer and winter monsoon patterns over eastern Africa, southern Asia, and the nearby oceans. For convenience, we refer to the entire region as the Indian monsoon region. Although GCMs have led to a better understanding of the large-scale features of the monsoon, they have not properly simulated all the small-scale features. This review discusses the ‘state of the art’ of Indian monsoon simulations and points out problems in, and prospects for, improving our understanding of this interesting and important meteorological phenomenon.
Washington (1970) experimented with a 5-degree, latitude–longitude grid version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) GCM showing the basic features of the monsoon. Even in this early experiment, the strong cross-equatorial jet near Somalia, the formation of a tropical easterly jet, and the low-level westerly flow in the vicinity of India were apparent.
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- Monsoon Dynamics , pp. 111 - 130Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1981
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