Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- List of abbreviations
- 1 General introduction to the MHC
- 2 Organization of the MHC
- 3 Interactions of cytokines in the regulation of MHC class I and class II antigen expression
- 4 Control of MHC class I gene expression
- 5 Control of MHC class II gene expression
- 6 Modulation of MHC antigen expression by viruses
- 7 Modulation of MHC antigen expression by retroviruses
- 8 Modulation of MHC class I antigen expression in adenovirus infection and transformation
- 9 MHC expression in HPV-associated cervical cancer
- 10 Inhibition of the cellular response to interferon by hepatitis B virus polymerase
- 11 Cellular adhesion molecules and MHC antigens in cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus: implications for immune recognition
- 12 Effect of human cytomegalovirus infection on the expression of MHC class I antigens and adhesion molecules: potential role in immune evasion and immunopathology
- 13 Oncogenes and MHC class I expression
- 14 Mechanisms of tumour cell killing and the role of MHC antigens in experimental model systems
- 15 Manipulation of MHC antigens by gene transfection and cytokine stimulation: a possible approach for pre-selection of suitable patients for cytokine therapy
- 16 Overexpression of MHC proteins in pancreatic islets: a link between cytokines, viruses, the breach of tolerance and insulindependent diabetes mellitus?
- 17 The role of cytokines in contributing to MHC antigen expression in rheumatoid arthritis
- 18 Expression of an MHC antigen in the central nervous system: an animal model for demyelinating diseases
- Index
6 - Modulation of MHC antigen expression by viruses
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 September 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- List of abbreviations
- 1 General introduction to the MHC
- 2 Organization of the MHC
- 3 Interactions of cytokines in the regulation of MHC class I and class II antigen expression
- 4 Control of MHC class I gene expression
- 5 Control of MHC class II gene expression
- 6 Modulation of MHC antigen expression by viruses
- 7 Modulation of MHC antigen expression by retroviruses
- 8 Modulation of MHC class I antigen expression in adenovirus infection and transformation
- 9 MHC expression in HPV-associated cervical cancer
- 10 Inhibition of the cellular response to interferon by hepatitis B virus polymerase
- 11 Cellular adhesion molecules and MHC antigens in cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus: implications for immune recognition
- 12 Effect of human cytomegalovirus infection on the expression of MHC class I antigens and adhesion molecules: potential role in immune evasion and immunopathology
- 13 Oncogenes and MHC class I expression
- 14 Mechanisms of tumour cell killing and the role of MHC antigens in experimental model systems
- 15 Manipulation of MHC antigens by gene transfection and cytokine stimulation: a possible approach for pre-selection of suitable patients for cytokine therapy
- 16 Overexpression of MHC proteins in pancreatic islets: a link between cytokines, viruses, the breach of tolerance and insulindependent diabetes mellitus?
- 17 The role of cytokines in contributing to MHC antigen expression in rheumatoid arthritis
- 18 Expression of an MHC antigen in the central nervous system: an animal model for demyelinating diseases
- Index
Summary
Introduction
Many animal viruses have the property of being able to modulate the expression of the MHC antigens of infected host cells and sometimes of uninfected cells of the host animal. Since the MHC is central to the immune system, this may be beneficial to the virus in evading an immune response and, therefore, have consequences for disease. The significance of such modulation can be seen from how widespread it is, its effects on pathogenicity and its prevalence in common and important human (and animal) infections. It will be shown here and below (Chapters 7 to 12) that modulation of MHC by viruses (and, briefly, other pathogens) is indeed widespread, does affect pathogenicity and is present in common and important infections. It will, therefore, be possible to conclude that modulation of MHC antigens is a highly important characteristic of viruses in general.
This chapter describes the different viruses for which modulation of MHC has been observed. Different mechanisms involved in modulation, both potential and actual, are summarized with suitable examples where known. This information is related to the pathogenicity of the virus where data are available. In the overall context of infectious disease, a brief note is made of other infectious organisms (i.e. microorganisms other than viruses) that are known to affect expression of functional MHC antigens with immunological consequences. Conclusions are drawn from these data on the importance of the modulation of MHC expression and on suitable directions for further research.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Modulation of MHC Antigen Expression and Disease , pp. 133 - 149Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1995