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Chapter 11 - Botulinum neurotoxin therapy of laryngeal muscle hyperactivity syndromes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2014

By
Daniel Truong ,
Arno Olthoff  and
Rainer Laskawi
Edited by
Daniel Truong ,
Dirk Dressler ,
Mark Hallett  and
Christopher Zachary
Daniel Truong
Affiliation:
The Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders Institute, Fountain Valley, California
Arno Olthoff
Affiliation:
Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Rainer Laskawi
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Daniel Truong
Affiliation:
The Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders Institute, Fountain Valley, California
Dirk Dressler
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Hannover University Medical School
Mark Hallett
Affiliation:
George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
Christopher Zachary
Affiliation:
Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine
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Summary

Introduction

Spasmodic dysphonia is a focal dystonia characterized by task-specific, action-induced spasm of the vocal cords. It adversely affects a patient’s ability to communicate. It can occur independently, as part of cranial dystonia (Meige’s syndrome), or in other disorders such as in tardive dyskinesia.

Clinical features

There are three types of spasmodic dysphonia: the adductor type, the abductor type and the mixed type:

  • adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) is characterized by a strained-strangled voice quality and intermittent voice stoppage or breaks, resulting in a staccato-like voice, caused by overadduction of the vocal folds

  • abductor spasmodic dysphonia (ABSD) is characterized by intermittent breathy breaks and associated with prolonged abduction folds during voiceless consonants in speech

  • patients with the mixed type have presentations of both.

Symptoms of spasmodic dysphonia begin gradually over several months to years. The condition typically affects patients in their mid-forties and is more common in women (Adler et al., 1997; Schweinfurth et al., 2002).

Type
Chapter
Information
Manual of Botulinum Toxin Therapy , pp. 85 - 91
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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References

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