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8 - Disorders Related to Stress and Trauma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 July 2021

By
Eric Bui ,
Meredith Charney ,
Mohammed R. Milad ,
Devon Hinton ,
Frederick Stoddard ,
Terence Keane ,
Roger Pitman  and
Naomi M. Simon
Edited by
Audrey Walker ,
Steven Schlozman  and
Jonathan Alpert
Audrey Walker
Affiliation:
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York
Steven Schlozman
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School
Jonathan Alpert
Affiliation:
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York
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Summary

Trauma derives from the Greek τραῦμα, meaning “wound.” Although it has been used for centuries as a medical term to designate “an injury to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent,” it was not until 1889 that this word endorsed a psychological meaning with the first clinical descriptions of “traumatic neuroses” in victims of railroad accidents by Oppenheim. Stress was first a mechanics term used to describe the pressure or tension exerted on a material object. It was then been applied to mental health to describe a feeling of psychological strain and pressure. Both psychological trauma and stress can result in psychiatric disorders.

Type
Chapter
Information
Introduction to Psychiatry
Preclinical Foundations and Clinical Essentials
 , pp. 166 - 178
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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References

References and Selected Readings

Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., et al. (2004). Disability and Quality of Life Impact of Mental Disorders in Europe: Results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) Project. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 420 (suppl.), 38–46.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Text Revision), DSM-IV-TR, 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Bryant, R. A. (2011). Acute Stress Disorder as a Predictor of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72(2), 233–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casey, P., and Bailey, S. (2011). Adjustment Disorders: The State of the Art. World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association, 10(1), 11–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense (2010). VA/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Post-traumatic Stress. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs & Department of Defense.Google Scholar
Kessler, R. C. (2000). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Burden to the Individual and to Society. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61 (suppl. 5), 12–14.Google Scholar
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., et al. (2005). Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archive of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 617–627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., et al. (1995). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52(12), 1048–1060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kilpatrick, D. G., Ruggiero, K. J., et al. (2003). Violence and Risk of PTSD, Major Depression, Substance Abuse/Dependence, and Comorbidity: Results from the National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(4), 692–700.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pitman, R. K., Rasmusson, A. M., et al. (2012). Biological Studies of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(11), 769–787.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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