Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-nptnm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-10-06T11:18:30.697Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

11 - Nordic Existentialists and Volkish Founders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2012

David B. Dennis
Affiliation:
Loyola University, Chicago
Get access

Summary

While asserting that Munch and his existentialist imagery embodied Nordic essence, the newspaper also worked to appropriate the Danish philosopher, Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855). The impulse behind this cultural-historical mission came from the notorious racial theorist Hans F. K. Günther, whose books – including The Ethnology of the German Volk (1922), The Racial Elements of European History (1927), and The Ethnology of the Jewish People (1930) – were important sources of eugenic thought in National Socialism. In an article on “Kierkegaard as a Prophet of Nordic Blood,” Günther insisted that the Dane was a “Nordic herald of faith.” As in the case of the poet Heinrich von Kleist, Günther felt that “racial as well as pathological factors interacted in Kierkegaard’s soul.” Despite what Günther described as Kierkegaard’s “mental illness,” a significant element of his constitution was the “drive to establish a Nordic form of Christianity.” Above all, Kierkegaard’s character bore “distinctive traits of Nordic piety.” As Günther saw it, he followed a path to God that was contrary to the path followed by “those of the Near Eastern race” (including followers of the Judeo-Christian tradition as well as of Islamic mysticism). Whereas “Near Easterners climbed up to the spiritual, Nordic peoples – understood racially, not culturally” – or as the editors of the paper added, “not just North Germans or Scandinavians, but the tall, small-faced, high-foreheaded, blond, and blue-eyed people who were strongly present over all Germany” – “internalized spirituality until they became fit to match themselves with God.” As thus interpreted, Kierkegaard’s argument was that devotion was always a matter of the individual and his God, “not of this or that historical reality, Church order, or Church law.” He demonstrated that every individual faces the “unique anguish” of his own decisions about “soulful relations with the holy.”

Kierkegaard’s form of piety had been termed “Christian individualism,” but, as Günther explained, it was really more a “Nordic form of Christianity.” It rejected all rules about church and faith and posited as many paths to God as there were individuals. Moreover, in Kierkegaard’s view, suffering helped to clarify the relationship between the individual and God. In Günther’s opinion, this was the only stance possible for a “Nordic herald of faith,” because Nordic people were “insusceptible to suggestion, advertising, and instigation.”

Type
Chapter
Information
Inhumanities
Nazi Interpretations of Western Culture
, pp. 249 - 268
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×