Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nmvwc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-27T07:07:32.790Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

13 - The dynamic influence of individual characteristics on employee well-being: a review of the theory, research, and future directions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 October 2009

By
Christopher J.L. Cunningham ,
Gabriel M. De La Rosa  and
Steve M. Jex
Edited by
Katharina Naswall ,
Johnny Hellgren  and
Magnus Sverke
Christopher J.L. Cunningham
Affiliation:
University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, USA
Gabriel M. De La Rosa
Affiliation:
Bowling Green State University, USA
Steve M. Jex
Affiliation:
Bowling Green State University, USA
Katharina Naswall
Affiliation:
Stockholms Universitet
Johnny Hellgren
Affiliation:
Stockholms Universitet
Magnus Sverke
Affiliation:
Stockholms Universitet
Get access

Summary

Continuing changes to the nature of work brought on by technological leaps (e.g. Kurland and Bailey, 1999), increasingly diverse workforces, changes to the traditional contractual nature of work (e.g. Barley and Kunda, 2006), and shifting industry demands make it necessary for researchers who study workers and their work environments to consider dynamic relationships at multiple levels within people and work organizations. Employees are consistently being forced to adapt to meet these changing work demands and a potential cost is personal well-being.

Much of this book focuses on how changing work environments and roles can influence the well-being of employees. It is also critically important to attend to the role of individual characteristics in this process. Throughout this chapter the terms “individual characteristics/differences” represent dispositions and more malleable personal qualities. We will provide a conceptual model that integrates many existing findings regarding these issues and offers a set of clear options for future exploration. We encourage readers to think critically about relationships between individual characteristics and well-being in their own research and practice.

This chapter begins with a discussion of the critically important, complex, and yet underdiscussed well-being criterion. Our conceptual framework is presented, followed by a selective review of research on individual characteristics associated with well-being that we feel are particularly relevant in a changing work environment. Finally, we provide a summary and thoughts for future work in this area.

Well-being and the workplace

There is no single, widely applicable theory of well-being.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Individual in the Changing Working Life , pp. 258 - 283
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abenhaim, L., Suissa, S., and Rossignol, M. (1988). Risk of recurrence of occupational back pain over three year follow up. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 45: 829–33.Google ScholarPubMed
American Medical Association (2000). Mastering the AMA guides: a medical and legal transition to guides to the evaluation (5th edn). Chicago: American Medical Association.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Bandura, A.(1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: Freeman.Google Scholar
Bandura, A.(1999). Social cognitive theory of personality. In Pervin, L. and John, O. (eds.), Handbook of personality (pp. 154–96). New York: Guilford Publications.Google Scholar
Barley, S. R. and Kunda, G. (2006). Contracting: a new form of professional practice. Academy of Management Perspectives 20: 45–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonanno, G. A. (2005). Resilience in the face of potential trauma. Current Directions in Psychological Science 14: 135–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonanno, G. A., Papa, A., Lalande, K., Westphal, M., and Coifman, K. (2004). The importance of being flexible: the ability to both enhance and suppress emotional expression predicts long-term adjustment. Psychological Science 15: 482–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brooks, D. R., Davis, L. K., and Gallagher, S. S. (1993) Work-related injuries among Massachusetts children: a study based on emergency department data. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 24: 313–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burke, R. J. (1998). Work and non-work stressors and well-being among police officers: the role of coping. Anxiety, Stress and Coping 11: 345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carver, C. S. and Scheier, M. F. (2003). Three human strengths. In Aspinwall, L. G. and Staudinger, U. M. (eds.), A psychology of human strengths: fundamental questions and future directions for a positive psychology (pp. 87–102). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheadle, A., Franklin, G., Wolfhagen, C., Savarino, J., Liu, P. Y., Salley, C., et al. (1994). Factors influencing the duration of work-related disability: a population based study of Washington state workers’ compensation. American Journal of Public Health 84: 190–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chess, S. and Thomas, A. (1991). Temperament and the concept of goodness of fit. In Strelau, J. and Angleitner, A. (eds.), Explorations in temperament: international perspectives on theory and measurement (pp. 15–28). New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, A. E., Oswald, A. J., and Warr, P. B. (1996). Is job satisfaction U-shaped in age?Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 69: 57–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, P. T. and McCrae, R. R. (1980). Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38: 668–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cotton, P. and Hart, P. M. (2003). Occupational wellbeing and performance: a review of organizational health research. Australian Psychologist 38: 118–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeNeve, K. and Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: a meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin 124: 197–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diener, E. and Lucas, R. E. (1999). Personality and subjective well-being. In Kahneman, D., Diener, E., and Schwarz, N. (eds.), Well-being: the foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 213–29). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Dijkstra, M. T. M., Dierendonck, D., Evers, A., and Dreu, C. K. W. (2005). Conflict and well-being at work: the moderating role of personality. Journal of Managerial Psychology 20: 87–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, J. R. and Baglioni, A. J. Jr. (1991). Relationship between Type A behavior pattern and mental and physical symptoms: a comparison of global and component measures. Journal of Applied Psychology 76: 276–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, J. R. and Cooper, C. L. (1990). The person–environment fit approach to stress: recurring problems and some suggested solutions. Journal of Organizational behavior 11: 293–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernet, C., Guay, F., and Senecal, C. (2004). Adjusting to job demands: the role of work self-determination and job control in predicting burnout. Journal of Vocational Behavior 65: 39–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferris, P. A., Sinclair, C., and Kline, T. J. (2005). It takes two to tango: personal and organizational resilience as predictors of strain and cardiovascular disease risk in a work sample. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 10: 225–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flynn, F. J. (2005). Having an open mind: the impact of openness to experience on interracial attitudes and attitude formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88: 816–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, M. L. and Dwyer, D. L. (1995). Stressful job demands and worker health: an investigation of the effects of self-monitoring. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 25: 1973–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, M. and Rosenman, R. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings. Journal of the American Medical Association 12: 1286–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman-Jimenez, G. (1989). Occupational disease among minority workers: a common and preventable public health problem. American Association of Occupational Health Nurses 37: 64–70.Google ScholarPubMed
Frone, M. R. (1998). Predictors of work injuries among employed adolescents. Journal of Applied Psychology 83: 565–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grau, R., Salanova, M., and Peiró, J. M. (2001). Moderator effects of self-efficacy on occupational stress. Psychology in Spain 5: 63–74.Google Scholar
Haldorsen, E. M. H., Indahl, A., and Ursin, H. (1998). Patients with low back pain not returning to work: a 12-month follow up study. Spine 23: 1202–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Headey, B. W. and Wearing, A. J. (1992). Understanding happiness. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire.Google Scholar
Heinisch, D. A. and Jex, S. M. (1997). Measurement of negative affectivity: a comparison of self-reports and observer ratings. Work and Stress 12: 145–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hersey, R. B. (1932/1977). Research studies XVIII: workers’ emotions in shop and home. New York: Arno Press.Google Scholar
Hersey, R. B.(1955) Zest for work: industry rediscovers the individual. New York: Harper and Brothers.Google Scholar
Heth, J. T. and Somer, E. (2002). Characterizing stress tolerance: “controllability awareness” and its relationship to perceived stress and reported health. Personality and Individual Differences 33: 883–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist 44: 513–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobfoll, S. E.(2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of General Psychology 6: 307–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmann, D. A. and Tetrick, L. E. (2003). The etiology of the concept of health: implications for “organizing” individual and organizational health. In Hofmann, D. A. and Tetrick, L. E. (eds.), Health and safety in organizations: a multilevel perspective (pp. 1–28). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Jahoda, M. (1958). Current concepts of positive mental health. New York: Basic Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jex, S. M., Adams, G. A., and Ehler, M. L. (2002a). Assessing the role of negative affectivity in occupational stress research: does gender make a difference. In Nelson, D. L. and Burke, R. J. (eds.), Gender, work stress, and health (pp. 71–84). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jex, S. M., Adams, G. A., Elacqua, T. C., and Bachrach, D. G. (2002b). Type A as a moderator of stressors and job complexity: a comparison of achievement strivings and impatience-irritability. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32: 977–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jex, S. M. and Bliese, P. D. (1999). Efficacy beliefs as a moderator of the impact of work-related stressors: a multilevel study. Journal of Applied Psychology 84: 349–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jex, S. M., Bliese, P. D., Buzzell, S., and Primeau, J. (2001). The impact of self-efficacy on stressor–strain relations: coping style as an explanatory mechanism. Journal of Applied Psychology 86: 401–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jick, T. D. and Mitz, L. F. (1985). Sex differences in work stress. Academy of Management Review 10: 408–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
John, O. P. (1990). The search for basic dimensions of personality: a review and critique. Advances in Psychological Assessment 7: 1–37.Google Scholar
Jordan, J. and Cartwright, S. (1998). Selecting expatriate managers: key traits and competencies. Leadership and Organizational Journal 19: 89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., and Locke, E. A. (2000). Personality and job satisfaction: the mediating role of job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology 85: 237–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Judge, T. A., Heller, D., and Mount, M. K. (2002). Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology 87: 530–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karambayya, R. (2002). Women and corporate restructuring: sources and consequences of stress. In Nelson, D. L. and Burke, R. J. (eds.), Gender, work stress, and health (pp. 55–69). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karasek, R. A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly 24: 285–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karasek, R. A. and Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy work: stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Kasl, S. V. and Rapp, S. R. (1991). Stress, health, and well-being: the role of individual differences. In Cooper, C. L. and Payne, R. (eds.), Personality and stress: individual differences in the stress process (vol. 14, pp. 269–84). New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Keyes, C. L. M., Hysom, S. J., and Lupo, K. L. (2000). The positive organization: leadership legitimacy, employee well-being, and the bottom line. The Psychologist-Manager Journal 4: 143–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kobasa, S., Maddi, S., and Kahn, S. (1982). Hardiness and health: a prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42: 168–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kornhauser, A. (1965). Mental health of the industrial worker: a Detroit study. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Krajewski, H. T. and Goffin, R. D. (2005). Predicting occupational coping responses: the interactive effect of gender and work stressor context. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 10: 44–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person–organization fit: an integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology 49: 1–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurland, N. and Bailey, D. (1999). Telework: the advantages and challenges of working here, there, anywhere, and anytime. Organizational Dynamics 28: 53–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landsbergis, P. A. (2003). The changing organization of work and the safety of working people: a commentary. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 45: 61–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langelaan, S., Bakker, A. B., Doornen, L. J. P., and Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement: do individual differences make a difference?Personality and Individual Differences 40: 521–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larson, J. S. (1999). The conceptualization of health. Medical Care Research and Review 56: 123–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Layne, L. A., Castillo, D. N., Stout, N., and Cutlip, P. (1994). Adolescent occupational injuries requiring hospital emergency department treatment: a nationally representative sample. American Journal of Public Health 84: 657–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lazarus, R. S. (1999). Stress and emotion: a new synthesis. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. and Folkman, S. (1987). Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. European Journal of Personality 1: 141–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, R. T. and Ashforth, B. E. (1993). A further examination of managerial burnout: towards an integrated model. Journal of Organizational Behavior 1: 3–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, C., Ashford, S. J., and Bobko, P. (1990). Interactive effects of “Type A” behavior and perceived control on worker performance, job satisfaction, and somatic complaints. Academy of Management Journal 33: 870–81.Google Scholar
Leiter, M. P. (1990). The impact of family resources, control coping, and skill utilization on the development of burnout: a longitudinal study. Human Relations 43: 1067–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindquist, T. L., Beilin, L. J., and Knuiman, M. W. (1997). Influence of lifestyle, coping and job stress on blood pressure in men and women. Hypertension 29: 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loughlin, C. and Frone, M. R. (2004). Young workers’ occupational safety. In Barling, J. and Frone, M. R. (eds.), The psychology of workplace safety (pp. 107–25). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martocchio, J. J. and O'Leary, A. M. (1989). Sex differences in occupational stress: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology 74: 495–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matsui, T. and Onglatco, M. L. (1992). Career self-efficacy as a moderator of the relations between occupational stress and strain. Journal of Vocational Behavior 41: 79–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayo, E. (1930). The human effect of mechanization. 42nd Annual Meeting, American Economic Association, Papers and Proceedings 20: 156–76.Google Scholar
McAdams, D. P. and Pals, J. L. (2006). A new big five: fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist 61: 204–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCrae, R. R. (1993). Openness to experience as a basic dimension of personality. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 13: 39–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCrae, R. R. and Costa, P. T. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist 52: 509–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mischel, W. and Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review 102: 246–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Münsterberg, H. (1913). Psychology and industrial efficiency. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, L. R. (2003). Sick and tired of being sick and tired: scientific evidence, methods, and research implications for racial and ethnic disparities in occupational health. American Journal of Public Health 93: 221–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (1997). Special Hazard Review: child labor research needs (DHHA Publication NIOSH 1997–143). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Nelson, D. L. and Burke, R. J. (2002). A framework for examining gender, work stress, and health. In Nelson, D. L. and Burke, R. J. (eds.), Gender, work stress, and health (pp. 3–14). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paunonen, S. V. and Jackson, D. N. (2000). What is beyond the Big Five? Plenty!Journal of Personality 68: 821–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pervin, L. A. (1994). A critical analysis of current trait theory. Psychological Inquiry 5: 103–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, C. (1999). Personal control and well-being. In Kahneman, D., Diener, E., and Schwarz, N. (eds.), Well-being: the foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 288–301). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Robinson, J. C. (1989). Trends in racial inequality and exposure to work-related hazards. American Association of Occupational Health Nurses 37: 56–63.Google ScholarPubMed
Roskies, E., Louis-Guerin, C., and Fournier, C. (1993). Coping with job insecurity: how does personality make a difference?Journal of Organizational Behavior 14: 617–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, R. M. and Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality 65: 529–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryff, C. D. and Singer, B. (2003). Ironies of the human condition: well-being and health on the way to mortality. In Aspinwall, L. G. and Staudinger, U. M. (eds.), A psychology of human strengths: fundamental questions and future directions for a positive psychology (pp. 271–87). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryff, C. D., Singer, B., Wing, E. H., and Love, G. D. (2001). Elective affinities and uninvited agonies. Mapping emotion with significant others onto health. In Ryff, C. D. and Singer, B. H. (eds.), Emotion, social relationships, and health (pp. 133–75). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaubroeck, J. and Fink, L. S. (1998). Facilitating and inhibiting effects of job control and social support on stress outcomes and role behavior: a contingency model. Journal of Organizational Behavior 19: 167–95.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaubroeck, J., Ganster, D. C., and Kemmerer, B. E. (1994). Job complexity, “Type A” behavior, and cardiovascular disorder: a prospective study. Academy of Management Journal 37: 426–39.Google Scholar
Schaubroeck, J., Jones, J. R., and Xie, J. L. (2001). Individual differences in utilizing control to cope with job demands: effects on susceptibility to infectious disease. Journal of Applied Psychology 86: 265–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaubroeck, J. and Merritt, D. E. (1997). Divergent effects of job control on coping with work stressors: the key role of self-efficacy. Academy of Management Journal 40: 738–54.Google Scholar
Schneider, B. (1987). E = f(P, B): the road to a radical approach to person–environment fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior 31: 353–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwarz, N. and Strack, F. (1999). Reports of subjective well-being: judgmental processes and their methodological implications. In Kahneman, D., Diener, E., and Schwarz, N. (eds.), Well-being: the foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 61–84). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Semmer, N. K. (2003). Individual differences, work stress and health. In Schabracq, M. J., Winnubst, J. A. M., and Cooper, C. L. (eds.), The handbook of work and health psychology (2nd edn, pp. 83–120). New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Shoda, Y. and Mischel, W. (1996). Toward a unified, intra-individual dynamic conception of personality. Journal of Research in Personality 30: 414–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slack, K. J. and Jones, A. P. (2005). Job insecurity and well-being in the context of employment. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Los Angeles, CA.
Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 30: 526–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sparacino, J., Ronchi, D., Bigley, T. K., Flesch, A. L., and Khun, J. W. (1983). Self-monitoring and blood pressure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44: 365–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spector, P. E. (1986). Perceived control by employees: a meta-analysis of studies concerning autonomy and participation at work. Human Relations 39: 1005–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sterns, H. L. and Miklos, S. M. (1995). The aging worker in a changing environment: organizational and individual issues. Journal of Vocational Behavior 47: 248–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strong, L. L. and Zimmerman, F. J. (2005). Occupational injury and absence from work among African American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white workers in the national longitudinal survey of youth. American Journal of Public Health 95: 1226–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terry, D. J. and Jimmieson, N. L. (1999). Work control and employee well-being: a decade review. In Cooper, C. L. and Robertson, I. T. (eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (vol. 14, pp. 95–148). Chichester: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Thomas, E., Silman, A. J., Croft, P. R., Papageorgiou, A. C., Jayson, M. I. V., and Macfarlane, G. J. (1999). Predicting who develops chronic low back pain in primary care: a prospective study. British Medical Journal 381: 1662–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trask, P. C., Iezzi, T., and Kreeft, J. (2001). Comparison of headache parameters using headache type and emotional status. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 51: 529–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Troup, C. and Dewe, P. (2002). Exploring the nature of control and its role in the appraisal of workplace stress. Work and Stress 16: 335–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tugade, M. M. and Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86: 320–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berg, P. T. and Pitariu, H. (2005). The relationships between personality and well-being during societal change. Personality and Individual Difference 39: 229–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doef, M. and Maes, S. (1999). The Job Demand–Control(-Support) model and psychological well-being: a review of 20 years of empirical research. Work and Stress 13: 87–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verquer, M. L., Beehr, T. A., and Wagner, S. H. (2003). A meta-analysis of relations between person–organization fit and work attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior 63: 473–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viteles, M. S. (1953). Motivation and morale in industry. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Wagner, D. K. and Winn, D. W. (1991). Injuries in working populations: black–white differences. American Journal of Public Health 81: 1408–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warr, P. (1999). Well-being and the workplace. In Kahneman, D., Diener, E., and Schwarz, N. (eds.), Well-being: the foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 392–412). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Warr, P.(2005). Work, well-being, and mental health. In Barling, J., Kelloway, E. K., and Frone, M. R. (eds.), Handbook of work stress (pp. 547–73). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Wood, W., Rhodes, N., and Whelan, M. (1989). Sex differences in positive well-being: a consideration of emotional style and marital status. Psychological Bulletin 106: 249–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zellars, , Hochwarter, K. L., Perrewé, W. A., Hoffman, P. L., , N., and Ford, E. W. (2004). Experiencing job burnout: the roles of positive and negative traits and states. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 34: 887–911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zickar, M. J. (2003). Remembering Arthur Kornhauser: industrial psychology's advocate for worker well-being. Journal of Applied Psychology 88: 363–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×