Abler, R. A. (1987) ‘What Shall We Say? To Whom Shall We Speak?’ Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 77: pp. 511–524.
Abler, R. A. (1993) ‘Everything in its Place: GPS, GIS, and Geography in the 1990s’ Professional Geographer, 45: pp. 131–139.
AHRC (2005) Delivery Plan(www.ahrc.ac.uk/about/delivery_plan.asp). Viewed 27 June 2007.
Al-Taha, K. K., Snodgrass, R. T. and Soo, M. D. (1994) ‘Bibliography on Spatio-Temporal Databases’ International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 8: pp. 95–103.
Andrienko, G. and Andrienko, N. (2001) ‘Exploring Spatial Data with Dominant Attribute Map and Parallel Coordinates’ Computers Environment and Urban Systems, 25: pp. 5–15.
Anon. (1990) ‘ARC/INFO: An Example of a Contemporary Geographic Information System’ in Peuquet, D. J. and Marble, D. F. (eds.) Introductory Readings in Geographic Information SystemsTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 90–99.
Anselin, L. (1995) ‘Local Indicators of Spatial Association – LISA’ Geographical Analysis, 27: pp. 93–115.
Anselin, L., Syabri, I. and Kho, Y. (2006) ‘GeoDa: An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis’ Geographical Analysis, 38: pp. 5–27.
Atkins, P. and Mitchell, G. (1996) ‘Yesterday's and Today's Data’ GIS Europe, 5: pp. 24–26.
Bailey, T. C. and Gatrell, A. C. (1995) Interactive Spatial Data AnalysisLongman: Harlow.
Baker, A. R. H. (2003) Geography and History: Bridging the DivideCambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Bartley, K. and Campbell, B. (1997) ‘Inquisitiones Post Mortem, GIS, and the Creation of a Land-use Map of Medieval England’ Transactions in GIS, 2: pp. 333–346.
Bartley, K., Ell, P. S. and Lee, J. (2000) ‘From Manuscript to Multimedia’ in Data Modelling, Modelling HistoryMoscow University Press: Moscow.
Basoglu U. and Morrison J. L. (1978) ‘An Efficient Hierarchical Data Structure for the US Historical Boundary File’ in Dutton, G. (ed.) First International Advanced Study Symposium on Topological Data Structures for Geographic Information Systems. Volume IV – Data Structures: Hierarchical and OverlaidLaboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis, Harvard University: Cambridge, MA.
Berman, F. (2003) Grid Computing: Making the Global Infrastructure a RealityJohn Wiley: Chichester.
Berman, M. L. (2005) ‘Boundaries or Networks in Historical GIS: Concepts of Measuring Space and Administrative Geography in Chinese History’ Historical Geography, 33: pp. 118–133.
Bernhardsen T. (1999) ‘Choosing a GIS’ in Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principals, Techniques, Management and Applications, 2nd editionJohn Wiley: Chichester, pp. 589–600.
Beveridge A. A. (2002) ‘Immigration, Ethnicity and Race in Metropolitan New York, 1900–2000’ in Knowles, A. K. (ed.) Past time, Past Place: GIS for HistoryESRI Press: Redlands, CA, pp. 65–78.
Block, W. and Thomas, W. (2003) ‘Implementing the Data Documentation Initiative at the Minnesota Population Center’ Historical Methods, 36: pp. 97–101.
Bol, P. and Ge, J. (2005) ‘China Historical GIS’ Historical Geography, 33: pp. 150–152.
Bondi, L. and Bradford, M. (1990) ‘Applications of Multi-level Modelling to Geography’ Area, 22: pp. 256–263.
Boonstra, O., Breure, L. and Doorn, P. (2004) Past, Present and Future of Historical Information ScienceNIWI-KNAW: Amsterdam.
Boyer, P. S. and Nissenbaum, S. (1974) Salem Possessed: the Social Origins of WitchcraftHarvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.
Bracken I. (1994) ‘A Surface Model Approach to the Representation of Population-related Social Indicators’ in Fotheringham, A. S. and Rogerson, P. (eds.) Spatial Analysis and GISTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 247–260.
Bracken, I. and Martin, D. (1989) ‘The Generation of Spatial Population Distributions from Census Centroid Data’ Environment and Planning A, 21: pp. 537–453.
Bracken, I. and Martin, D. (1995) ‘Linkage of the 1981 and 1991 UK Census Using Surface Modelling Concepts’ Environment and Planning A, 27: pp. 379–390.
Brewer, C. (2002) ColorBrewer: A Web Tool for Selecting Colors for Maps(www.colorbrewer.org). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Brimicombe A. (1998) ‘A Fuzzy Coordinate System for Locational Uncertainty in Space and Time’ in Carver, S. (ed.) Innovations in GIS 5Taylor & Francis: London, pp. 141–150.
Brunsdon, C., Fotheringham, A. S. and Charlton, M. E. (1996) ‘Geographically Weighted Regression: a Method for Exploring Spatial Nonstationarity’ Geographical Analysis, 28: pp. 281–298.
Buckatzsch, E. (1950) ‘The Geographical Distribution of Wealth in England, 1086–1843: an Experimental Study of Certain Tax Assessments’ Economic History Review: Second Series, 3: pp. 180–202.
Buckland, M. and Lancaster, L. (2004) ‘Combining Place, Time, and Topic’ D-Lib Magazine, 10 (5) (www.dlib.org). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Bugayevskiy, L. M. and Snyder, J. P. (1995) Map Projections: a Reference ManualTaylor & Francis: London.
Burrough, P. A. and McDonnell, R. (1998) Principals of Geographical Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment, 2nd editionClarendon Press: Oxford.
Butlin, R. A. (1993) Historical Geography: through the Gates of Space and TimeEdward Arnold: London.
Camara, A. S. and Raper, J. (1999, eds.) Spatial Multimedia and Virtual RealityTaylor & Francis: London.
Campbell, B. M. S. (2000) English Seigniorial Agriculture 1250–1450Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Campbell, B. M. S. and Bartley, K. (2006) England on the Eve of the Black Death: An Atlas of Lay Lordship, Land and Wealth, 1300–1349Manchester University Press: Manchester.
Campos R. M., Congdon P., Curtis S. E., Gregory I. N., Jones I. R. and Southall H. R. (2004) ‘Locality Level Mortality and Socio-economic Change in Britain since 1920: First Steps towards Analysis of Infant Mortality Variation’ in Boyle, P., Curtis, S. E., Graham, E., and Moore, E. (eds.) The Geography of Health Inequalities in the Developed WorldAshgate: Aldershot, pp. 53–75.
Carver S. and Openshaw S. (1992) ‘A Geographic Information Systems Approach to Locating Nuclear Waste Disposal Sites’ in Clark, M., Smith, D. and Blowers, A. (eds.) Waste Location: Spatial Aspects of Waste Management, Hazards and DisposalRoutledge: London, pp. 105–127.
Chorley R. and Buxton R. (1991) ‘The Government Setting of GIS in the United Kingdom’ in Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications. Volume I: PrinciplesLongman Scientific and Technical: London, pp. 67–79.
Chrisman N. R. (1990) ‘The Accuracy of Map Overlays: a Reassessment’ in Peuquet, D. J. and Marble, D. F. (eds.) Introductory Readings in Geographic Information SystemsTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 308–320.
Chrisman, N. R. (1999) ‘What does “GIS” Mean?’ Transactions in GIS, 3: pp. 175–186.
Chrisman, N. R. (2002) Exploring Geographic Information Systems, 2nd editionJohn Wiley: Chichester.
Clarke, K. C. (1997) Getting Started with Geographic Information SystemsPrentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Cliff, A. D. and Ord, J. K. (1973) Spatial AutocorrelationPion: London.
Cockings, S., Fisher, P. F., and Langford, M. (1997) ‘Parameterization and Visualization of the Errors in Areal Interpolation’ Geographical Analysis, 29: pp. 314–328.
Congdon, P., Campos, R. M., Curtis, S. E., Southall, H. R., Gregory, I. N. and Jones, I. R. (2001) ‘Quantifying and Explaining Changes in Geographical Inequality of Infant Mortality in England and Wales since the 1890s’ International Journal of Population Geography, 7: pp. 35–51.
Coppock J. T. and Rhind D. W. (1991) ‘The History of GIS’ in Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications. Volume I: PrinciplesLongman Scientific and Technical: London, pp. 21–43.
Couclelis H. (1998) ‘Geocomputation in Context’ in Longley, P. A., Brooks, S. M., McDonnell, R. and MacMillan, B. (eds.) Geocomputation: a PrimerJohn Wiley: London, pp. 17–29.
Cowen D. (1990) ‘GIS versus CAD versus DBMS: What are the Differences?’ in Peuquet, D. J. and Marble, D. F. (eds.) Introductory Readings in Geographical Information SystemsTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 52–62.
Cox N. J. and Jones K. (1981) ‘Exploratory Data Analysis’ in Wrigley, N. and Bennett, R. J. (eds.) Quantitative GeographyEdward Arnold: London, pp. 135–143.
Cresswell, T. (2004) Place: a Short IntroductionBlackwell Publishing: Oxford.
Cunfer G. (2002) ‘Causes of the Dust Bowl’ in Knowles, A. K. (ed.) Past Time, Past Place: GIS for HistoryESRI Press: Redlands, CA, pp. 93–104.
Cunfer, G. (2004) ‘Dust Storms before the Dust Bowl’ Paper presented to the twenty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Social Science History Association.
Cunfer, G. (2005) On the Great Plains: Agriculture and EnvironmentTexas A&M University Press: College Station, TX.
Curry M. (1995) ‘GIS and the Inevitable Ethical Inconsistency’ in Pickles, J. (ed.) Ground Truth: the Social Implications of Geographic Information SystemsGuilford Press: New York, NY, pp. 68–87.
Darby, H. C. (1977) Domesday EnglandCambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Darby, H. C. and Versey, G. R. (1975) Domesday GazetteerCambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Darby, H. C., Glasscock, R., Sheail, J. and Versey, G. R. (1979) ‘The Changing Geographical Distribution of Wealth in England: 1086–1334–1525’ Journal of Historical Geography, 5: pp. 247–262.
Date, C. J. (1995) An Introduction to Database Systems, 6th editionAddison-Wesley: Reading, MA.
DDI (2006) Data Documentation Initiative(www.icpsr.umich.edu/DDR). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Moor, M. and Wiedemann, T. (2001) ‘Reconstructing Belgian Territorial Units and Hierarchies: an Example from Belgium’ History and Computing, 13: pp. 71–97.
DeMers, M. N. (2002) GIS Modeling in RasterJohn Wiley: Chichester.
Department of the Environment (1987) Handling Geographic Information: Report of the Committee of Enquiry chaired by Lord ChorleyHMSO: London.
Diamond, E. and Bodenhamer, D. (2001) ‘Investigating White-flight in Indianapolis: a GIS Approach’ History and Computing, 13: pp. 25–44.
Dodgshon, R. A. (1998) Society in Time and Space: a Geographical Perspective on ChangeCambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Dorling, D. (1992) ‘Visualising People in Space and Time’ Environment and Planning B, 19: pp. 613–637.
Dorling, D. (1995) A New Social Atlas of BritainJohn Wiley & Sons: Chichester.
Dorling, D. (1996) ‘Area Cartograms: their Use and Creation’Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography, 59. University of East Anglia, Environmental Publications: Norwich.
Dorling, D. and Fairburn, D. (1997) Mapping: Ways of Representing the WorldLongman: Harlow.
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (2005) Dublin Core Metadata Initiative(http://dublincore.org). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Earickson, R. and Harlin, J. (1994) Geographic Measurement and Quantitative AnalysisMacMillan: New York, NY.
Ebdon, D. (1985) Statistics in Geography, 2nd editionBasil Blackwell: Oxford.
ECAI (2005) The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative(www.ecai.org). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Egenhofer M. J. and Herring J. R. (1991) ‘High-level Spatial Data Structures for GIS’ in Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications. Volume I: PrinciplesLongman Scientific and Technical: Harlow, pp. 227–237.
Ell, P. S. and Gregory, I. N. (2001) ‘Adding a New Dimension to Historical Research with GIS’ History and Computing, 13: pp. 1–6.
ESRI (1994) ArcInfo Data Management: Concepts, Data Models, Database Design, and StorageEnvironmental Systems Research Institute: Redlands, CA.
ESRI (2005) ESRI GIS and Mapping Software(www.esri.com). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Evans, I. S. (1977) ‘The Selection of Class Intervals’ Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2: pp. 98–124.
FGDC (2005) The Federal Geographic Data Committee(www.fgdc.gov). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Fischer M. M., Scholten H. J. and Unwin D. (1996) ‘Geographic Information Systems, Spatial Data Analysis and Spatial Modelling: an Introduction’ in Fischer, M. M., Scholten, H. J. and Unwin, D. (eds.) Spatial Analytical Perspectives on GISTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 3–20.
Fisher P. F. (1999) ‘Models of Uncertainty in Spatial Data’ in Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principals, Techniques, Management and Applications, 2nd editionJohn Wiley: Chichester pp. 191–205.
Fisher, P. F. and Unwin, D. (2002) Virtual Reality in GeographyTaylor & Francis: London.
Fitch, C. A. and Ruggles, S. (2003) ‘Building the National Historical Geographic Information System’ Historical Methods, 36: pp. 41–51.
Fleming, R. and Lowerre, A. (2004) ‘MacDomesday Book’ Past and Present, 184: pp. 209–232.
Flowerdew R. F. (1991) ‘Spatial Data Integration’ in Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications. Volume I: PrinciplesLongman Scientific and Technical: Harlow, pp. 375–387.
Flowerdew R. and Green M. (1994) ‘Areal Interpolation and Types of Data’ in Fotheringham, A. S. and Rogerson, P. A. (eds.) Spatial Analysis and GISTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 121–145.
Flowerdew R., Geddes A. and Green M. (2001) ‘Behaviour of Regression Models under Random Aggregation’ in Tate, N. J. and Atkinson, P. M. (eds.) Modelling Scale in Geographical Information ScienceJohn Wiley & Sons: Chichester, pp. 89–104.
Fotheringham, A. S. (1997) ‘Trends in Quantitative Methods I: Stressing the Local’ Progress in Human Geography, 21: pp. 88–96.
Fotheringham, A. S. and Wong, D. (1991) ‘The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Multi-variant Statistical Analysis’ Environment and Planning A, 23: pp. 1025–1044.
Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C. and Charlton, M. E. (2000) Quantitative Geography: Perspectives on Spatial Data AnalysisSage: London.
Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C. and Charlton, M. E. (2002) Geographically Weighted Regression: the Analysis of Spatially Varying RelationshipsJohn Wiley & Sons: Chichester.
Fowler, M. (1996) ‘High-resolution Satellite Imagery in Archaeological Application – a Russian Satellite Photograph of the Stonehenge Region’ Antiquity, 70: pp. 667–671.
Friedlander, D. and Roshier, R. (1965) ‘A Study of Internal Migration in England and Wales, Part 1: Geographical Patterns of Internal Migration, 1851–1951’ Population Studies, 19: pp. 239–280.
Gastner, M. T. and Newman, M. E. J. (2004) ‘Diffusion-based Method for Producing Density Equalising Maps’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101: pp. 7499–7503.
Gastner, M. T., Shalizi, C. R. and Newman, M. E. J. (2004) Maps and Cartograms of the 2004 Election Results(www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Gatley, D. A. and Ell, P. S. (2000) Counting Heads: an Introduction to the Census, Poor Law Union Data and Vital RegistrationStatistics for Education: York.
Gatrell, A. C. (1983) Distance and Space: a Geographical PerspectiveClarendon Press: Oxford.
Gatrell A. C. (1985) ‘Any Space for Spatial Analysis?’ in Johnson, R. J. (ed.) The Future of GeographyMethuen: London, pp. 190–208.
Gatrell A. C. (1991) ‘Concepts of Space and Geographical Data’ in Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications. Volume I: PrinciplesLongman Scientific and Technical: Harlow, pp. 119–134.
Geography Network (2005) The Geography Network(www.geographynetwork.com). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Getis, A. and Ord, J. K. (1992) ‘The Analysis of Spatial Association by Use of Distance Statistics’ Geographical Analysis, 24: pp. 189–206.
Getis A. and Ord J. K. (1996) ‘Local Spatial Statistics: an Overview’ in Longley, P. and Batty, M. (eds.) Spatial Analysis: Modelling in a GIS EnvironmentGeoInformation International: Cambridge, pp. 261–277.
Gilbert D. M. and Southall H. R. (1996) ‘Indicators of Regional Economic Disparity: the Geography of Economic Distress in Britain before 1914’ in Harvey, C. and Press, J. (eds.) Databases in Historical GeographyMacMillan: Basingstoke, pp. 140–146.
Goerke, M. (1994, ed.) Coordinates for Historical MapsMax-Planck-Institut fur Geschichte: Gottingen.
Goodchild, M. F. (1987) ‘Introduction to Spatial Autocorrelation’Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography, 47. GeoAbstracts: Norwich.
Goodchild, M. F. (1992a) ‘Geographical Information Science’ International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 6: pp. 31–45.
Goodchild, M. F. (1992b) Research Initiative 1: Accuracy of Spatial Databases. Final ReportNCGIA, University of California: Santa Barbara, CA.
Goodchild, M. F. (2004) ‘The Alexandria Digital Library Project: Review, Assessment, and Prospects’ D-Lib Magazine, 10 (5): (www.dlib.org). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Goodchild, M. F. and Gopal, S. (1989, eds.) The Accuracy of Spatial DatabasesTaylor & Francis: London.
Goodchild, M. F. and Lam, N. S.-N. (1980) ‘Areal Interpolation: a Variant of the Traditional Spatial Problem’ Geo-Processing, 1: pp. 297–312.
Goodchild, M. F., Anselin, L. and Deichmann, U. (1993) ‘A Framework for the Areal Interpolation of Socio-economic Data’ Environment and Planning A, 25: pp. 383–397.
Goodchild M. F., Chi-Chang L. and Leung Y. (1994) ‘Visualising Fuzzy Maps’ in Hearnshaw, H. M. and Unwin, D. J. (eds.) Visualisation in Geographical Information SystemsJohn Wiley: Chichester, pp. 158–167.
Goovaerts, P. (2002) ‘Geostatistical Approaches to Spatial Uncertainty Using p-field Simulation with Conditional Probability Fields’ International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 16: 167–178.
Green, D. and Bossomaier, T. (2002) Online GIS and Spatial MetadataTaylor & Francis: London.
Gregory, I. N. (2000) ‘Longitudinal Analysis of Age and Gender Specific Migration Patterns in England and Wales: a GIS-based Approach’ Social Science History, 24: pp. 471–503.
Gregory, I. N. (2002a) ‘Time Variant Databases of Changing Historical Administrative Boundaries: a European Comparison’ Transactions in GIS, 6: pp. 161–178.
Gregory, I. N. (2002b) ‘The Accuracy of Areal Interpolation Techniques: Standardising 19th and 20th century Census Data to Allow Long-term Comparisons’ Computers Environment and Urban Systems, 26: pp. 293–314.
Gregory, I. N. (2003) A Place in History: a Guide to Using GIS in Historical ResearchOxbow: Oxford.
Gregory, I. N. (2005) ‘The Great Britain Historical GIS’ Historical Geography, 33: pp. 132–134.
Gregory I. N. (2007, in press) ‘“A Map is Just a Bad Graph”: Spatial Analysis of Quantitative Data in Historical GIS” in Knowles, A. K.Placing History: How Maps, Spatial Data and GIS are Changing Historical Scholarship.
Gregory, I. N. and Ell, P. S. (2005a) ‘Breaking the Boundaries: Integrating 200 years of the Census using GIS’ Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 168: pp. 419–437.
Gregory, I. N. and Ell, P. S. (2005b) ‘Analysing Spatio-temporal Change Using National Historical GISs: Population Change during and after the Great Irish Famine’ Historical Methods, 38: pp. 149–167.
Gregory, I. N. and Ell, P. S. (2006) ‘Error Sensitive Historical GIS: Identifying Areal Interpolation Errors in Time-series Data’ International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20: pp. 135–152.
Gregory I. N. and Southall H. R. (1998) ‘Putting the Past in its Place: the Great Britain Historical GIS’ in Carver, S. (ed.) Innovations in GIS 5Taylor & Francis: London: pp. 210–221.
Gregory I. N. and Southall H. R. (2000) ‘Spatial Frameworks for Historical Censuses – the Great Britain Historical GIS’ in Hall, P. K., McCaa, R. and Thorvaldsen, D. (eds.) Handbook of Historical Microdata for Population ResearchMinnesota Population Center: Minneapolis, MN, pp. 319–333.
Gregory, I. N., Bennett, C., Gilham, V. L. and Southall, H. R. (2002) ‘The Great Britain Historical GIS: from Maps to Changing Human Geography’ The Cartographic Journal, 39: pp. 37–49.
Gregory, I. N., Kemp, K. K. and , Mostern R. (2001a) ‘Geographic Information and Historical Research: Current Progress and Future Directions’ History and Computing, 13: pp. 7–21.
Gregory, I. N., Dorling, D. and Southall, H. R. (2001b) ‘A Century of Inequality in England and Wales using Standardised Geographical Units’ Area, 33: pp. 297–311.
Guelke, L. (1997) ‘The Relations between Geography and History Reconsidered’ History and Theory, 36: pp. 216–234.
Guptil S. C. (1999) ‘Metadata and Data Catalogues’ in Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems. Volume I: Principles and Technical IssuesJohn Wiley: Chichester, pp. 677–692.
Hall, S. S. (1992) Mapping the Next Millennium: how Computer-driven Cartography is Revolutionizing the Face of ScienceVintage Books: New York, NY.
Harder, C. (1998) Serving Maps on the Internet: Geographic Information on the World Wide WebESRI Press: Redlands, CA.
Harpring, P. (1997) ‘Proper Words in Proper Places: the Thesaurus of Geographic Names’ MDA Information, 2: pp. 5–12.
Harris, R. (1987, ed.) The Historical Atlas of Canada. Volume I: from the Beginning to 1800University of Toronto Press: Toronto, ON.
Harris T. (2002) ‘GIS in Archaeology’ in Knowles, A. K. (ed.) Past Time, Past Place: GIS for HistoryESRI Press: Redlands, CA, pp. 131–143.
Harris, T., Turley, B. and Rouse, L. J. (2005) Integrating the Humanities and Geospatial Science: Exploring Cultural Resources and Sacred Space through Internet GIS(http://ark.geo.wvu.edu/projects.html). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Harley, J. B. (1989) ‘Deconstructing the Map’ Cartographica, 26: pp. 11–20.
Harley, J. B. (1990) ‘Cartography, Ethics and Social Theory’ Cartographica, 27: pp. 1–23.
Harvey, C. and Press, J. (1996, eds.) Databases in Historical Research: Theory, Methods and ApplicationsMacMillan Press: Basingstoke.
Healey R. G. (1991) ‘Database Management Systems’ in Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications. Volume I: PrinciplesLongman Scientific and Technical: Harlow, pp. 251–267.
Healey, R. G. and Stamp, T. R. (2000) ‘Historical GIS as a Foundation for the Analysis of Regional Economic Growth: Theoretical, Methodological, and Practical Issues’ Social Science History, 24: pp. 575–612.
Hernandez, M. J. (1997) Database Design for Mere MortalsAddison-Wesley: Reading, MA.
Heuvelink G. B. M. (1999) ‘Propagation of Error in Spatial Modelling with GIS’ in Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principals, Techniques, Management and Applications, 2nd editionJohn Wiley: Chichester pp. 207–217.
Heuvelink, G. B. M., Burrough, P. A. and Stein, A. (1989) ‘Propagation of Errors in Spatial Modelling with GIS’ International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 3: pp. 303–322.
Heywood, D. I., Cornelius, S. and Carver, S. (2002) An Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, 2nd editionLongman: Harlow.
Hill, L. L. (2004) ‘Guest Editorial: Georeferencing in Digital Libraries’ D-Lib Magazine, 10 (5) (www.dlib.org). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Hill L. L. and Janee G. (2004) ‘The Alexandria Digital Library Project: Metadata Development and Use’ in Hillmann, D. I. and Westbrooks, E. L. (eds.) Metadata in PracticeAmerican Library Association: Chicago, pp. 117–138.
Hillier A. E. (2002) ‘Redlining in Philadelphia’ in Knowles, A. K. (ed.) Past Time, Past Place: GIS for HistoryESRI: Redlands, CA, pp. 79–93.
Hillier, A. E. (2003) ‘Spatial Analysis of Historical Redlining: a Methodological Exploration’ Journal of Housing Research, 14: pp. 137–167.
Hoffman-Wellenhof, B. (1997) Global Positioning System: Theory and Practice, 4th editionSpringer Verlag: Vienna.
Holdsworth, D. W. (2002) ‘Historical Geography: the Ancients and the Moderns – Generational Vitality’ Progress in Human Geography, 26: pp. 671–678.
Holdsworth, D. W. (2003) ‘Historical Geography: New Ways of Imaging and Seeing the Past’ Progress in Human Geography, 27: pp. 486–493.
IDP (2005) The International Dunhuang Project(http://idp.bl.uk). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Intra-Governmental Group on Geographic Information (2004) The Principles of Good Metadata ManagementOffice of the Deputy Prime Minister: London.
Isaaks, E. H. and Srivastava, R. M. (1989) An Introduction to Applied GeostatisticsOxford University Press: Oxford.
Jenks, G. F. and Caspall, F. C. (1971) ‘Error on Choroplethic Maps: Definition, Measurement, Reduction’ Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 61: pp. 217–243.
Jensen, J. R.(1996) Introductory Digital Image Processing: a Remote Sensing Perspective, 2nd editionPrentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Johnston, R. J. (1983) Philosophy and Human Geography: an Introduction to Contemporary ApproachesEdward Arnold: London.
Johnston R. J. (1999) ‘Geography and GIS’ in Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principals, Techniques, Management and Applications, 2nd editionChichester: John Wiley, pp. 39–47.
Jones, K. (1991a) ‘Specifying and Estimating Multilevel Models for Geographical Research’ Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 16: pp. 148–159.
Jones, K. (1991b) ‘Multilevel Models for Geographical Research’ Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography, 54. Environmental Publications: Norwich.
Jones, C. (1997) Geographic Information Systems and Computer CartographyLongman: Harlow.
Jones, R. (2004) ‘What Time Human Geography?’ Progress in Human Geography, 28: pp. 287–304.
Jones C. B., Alani H. and Tudhope D. (2003) ‘Geographical Terminology Servers – Closing the Semantic Divide’ in Duckham, M., Goodchild, M. F. and Worboys, M. F. (eds.) Foundations of Geographic Information ScienceTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 205–222.
Kain, R. J. P. and Prince, H. C. (2000) Tithe Surveys for HistoriansPhillimore: Chichester.
Kampke, T. (1994) ‘Storing and Retrieving Changes in a Sequence of Polygons’ International Journal of Geographic Information Systems, 8: pp. 493–513.
Keates, J. (1989) Cartographic Design and Production, 2nd editionLongman Scientific and Technical: Harlow.
Kennedy, L., Ell, P. S., Crawford, E. M. and Clarkson, L. A. (1999) Mapping the Great Irish Famine: an Atlas of the Famine YearsFour Courts Press: Dublin.
Kennedy, M. (2002) The Global Positioning System and GIS, 2nd editionTaylor & Francis: London.
Kerr, D. and Holdsworth, D. (1990, eds.) The Historical Atlas of Canada. Volume Ⅲ: Addressing the Twentieth CenturyUniversity of Toronto Press: Toronto, ON.
Knowles, A. K. (2000) ‘Introduction’ Social Science History, 24: pp. 451–470.
Knowles A. K. (2002a) ‘Introducing Historical GIS’ in Knowles, A. K. (ed.) Past Time, Past Place: GIS for HistoryESRI Press: Redlands, CA, pp. xi–xx.
Knowles, A. K. (2002b, ed.) Past Time, Past Place: GIS for HistoryESRI Press: Redlands, CA.
Knowles A. K. (2004) ‘Visualizing Gettysburg: Problems in Historical Terrain Modeling’ Paper presented at the 2004 Social Science History Association conference.
Knowles, A. K. (2005a) ‘Emerging Trends in Historical GIS’ Historical Geography, 33: pp. 7–13.
Knowles, A. K. (2005b, ed.) ‘Reports on National Historical GIS Projects’ Historical Geography, 33: pp. 293–314.
Kollias, V. J. and Voliotis, A. (1991) ‘Fuzzy Reasoning in the Development of Geographical Information Systems’ International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 5: pp. 209–223.
Krygier, J. B. (1997) ‘Envisioning the American West: Maps, the Representational Barrage of 19th century Expedition Reports, and the Production of Scientific Knowledge’ Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 24: pp. 27–50.
Lancaster L. and Bodenhamer D. (2002) ‘The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative and the North American Religion Atlas’ in Knowles, A. K. (ed.) Past time, Past Place: GIS for HistoryESRI Press: Redlands, CA, pp. 163–178.
Langford M., Maguire D. and Unwin D. J. (1991) ‘The Areal Interpolation Problem: Estimating Population using Remote Sensing in a GIS Framework’ in Masser, I. and Blakemore, M. (eds.) Handling Geographical Information: Methodology and Potential ApplicationsLongman: Harlow, pp. 55–77.
Langran, G. (1992) Time in Geographic Information SystemsTaylor & Francis: London.
Langran, G. and Chrisman, N. (1988) ‘A Framework for Temporal Geographic Information’ Cartographica, 25: pp. 1–14.
Langton, J. (1972) ‘Systems Approach to Change in Human Geography’ Progress in Geography, 4: pp. 123–178.
Larson R. R. (2003) ‘Placing Cultural Events and Documents in Space and Time’ in Duckham, M., Goodchild, M. F. and Worboys, M. F. (eds.) Foundations of Geographic Information ScienceTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 223–239.
Lawton, R. (1968) ‘Population Changes in England and Wales in the Later Nineteenth Century: an Analysis of Trends by Registration District’ Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 44: pp. 55–74.
Lawton R. (1970) ‘The Population of Liverpool in the Late Nineteenth Century’ in Baker, A., Hamshere, J. and Langton, J. (eds.) Geographical Interpretations of Historical SourcesDavid & Charles: Newton Abbot, pp. 381–415.
Lee, C. H. (1979) British Regional Employment Statistics, 1841–1971Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Lee, C. H. (1991) ‘Regional Inequalities in Infant Mortality in Britain, 1861–1971: Patterns and Hypotheses’ Population Studies, 45: pp. 55–65.
Lillesand, T. M. and Kiefer, R. W. (2000) Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, 4th editionJohn Wiley & Sons: Chichester.
Lilley, K., Lloyd, C., Trick, S. and Graham, C. (2005a) ‘Mapping and Analyzing Medieval Built Form Using GPS and GIS’ Urban Morphology, 9: 5–15.
Lilley, K., Lloyd, C. and Trick, S. (2005b) ‘Mapping Medieval Urban Landscapes: the Design and Planning of Edward I's New Towns of England and Wales’ Antiquity, 79 (303) (www.antiquity.ac.uk). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Lilley, K., Lloyd, C. and Trick, S. (2005c) Mapping Medieval Townscapes: a Digital Atlas of the New Towns of Edward I (http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/specColl/atlas_ahrb_2005/index.cfm). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Long, J. H. (1994) ‘Atlas of Historical County Boundaries’ Journal of American History, 81: pp. 1859–1863.
Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J. and Rhind, D. W. (2001) Geographical Information Systems and ScienceJohn Wiley & Sons: Chichester.
Louis, R. C. (1993, ed.) The Historical Atlas of Canada. Volume Ⅱ: the Land Transformed, 1800–1891University of Toronto Press: Toronto, ON.
Lowe D. W. (2002) ‘Telling Civil War Battlefield Stories with GIS’ in Knowles, A. K. (ed.) Past Time, Past Place: GIS for HistoryESRI Press: Redlands, CA, pp. 51–63.
MacDonald, B. M. and Black, F. A. (2000) ‘Using GIS for Spatial and Temporal Analysis in Print Culture Studies: Some Opportunities and Challenges’ Social Science History, 24: pp. 505–536.
MacEachren A. M. (1994) ‘Time as a Cartographic Variable’ in Hearnshaw, H. M. and Unwin, D. J. (eds.) Visualisation in GISJohn Wiley & Sons: Chichester, pp. 115–130.
MacEachren, A. M. (1995) How Maps Work: Representation, Visualisation and DesignGuildford Press: London.
Madry S. L. H. and Crumley C. L. (1990) ‘An Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in a Regional Archaeological Settlement Analysis: the Arroux River Valley, Burgundy, France’ in Allen, K. M. S., Green, S. W. and Zubrow, E. B. W. (eds.) Interpreting Space: GIS and ArchaeologyTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 364–381.
Martin, D. (1996a) Geographic Information Systems and their Socio-economic Applications, 2nd editionRoutledge: Hampshire.
Martin D. (1996b) ‘Depicting Changing Distributions through Surface Estimations’ in Longley, P. and Batty, M. (eds.) Spatial Analysis: Modeling in a GIS environmentGeoInformation International: Cambridge, pp. 105–122.
Martin, D. and Bracken, I. (1991) ‘Techniques for Representing Population-related Raster Databases’ Environment and Planning A, 23: pp. 1069–1075.
Martin, D., Dorling, D. and Mitchell, R. (2002) ‘Linking Censuses through Time: Problems and Solutions’ Area, 34: pp. 82–91.
Masser, I. (1988) ‘The Academic Setting of GIS’ International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 2: pp. 11–22.
Massey, D. (1999) ‘Space-time, “science” and the Relationship between Physical Geography and Human Geography’ Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers: New Series, 24: pp. 261–276.
Massey, D. (2005) For SpaceSage: London.
McMaster, R. B. and Noble, P. (2005) ‘The US National Historical Geographical Information System’ Historical Geography, 33: pp. 134–136.
Miller, D. and Modell, J. (1988) ‘Teaching United States History with the Great American History Machine’ Historical Methods, 21: pp. 121–134.
Miller, P. (1953) The New England Mind: from Colony to ProvinceHarvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.
Miller, P. and Greenstein, D. (1997) Discovering Online Resources across the Humanities: a Practical Implementation of the Dublin CoreUKOLN: Bath.
Monmonier, M. S. (1996) How to Lie with Maps, 2nd editionUniversity of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL.
Monmonier, M. S. and Schnell, G. A. (1988) Map AppreciationPrentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Morphet, C. (1993) ‘The Mapping of Small Area Data – a Consideration of the Role of Enumeration District boundaries’ Environment and Planning A, 25: pp. 267–278.
Norman, P., Rees, P. and Boyle, P. (2003) ‘Achieving Data Compatibility over Space and Time: Creating Consistent Geographical Zones’ International Journal of Population Geography, 9: pp. 365–386.
Ogborn, M. (1999) ‘The Relations between Geography and History: Work in Historical Geography in 1997’ Progress in Human Geography, 23: pp. 97–108.
Openshaw, S. (1984) ‘The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem’Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography, 38. Geobooks: Norwich.
Openshaw, S. (1991a) ‘A View on the GIS Crisis in Geography or Using GIS to Put Humpty-Dumpty Back Together Again’ Environment and Planning A, 23: pp. 621–628.
Openshaw S. (1991b) ‘Developing Appropriate Spatial Analysis Methods for GIS’ in Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications. Volume I: PrinciplesLongman Scientific and Technical: London, pp. 389–401.
Openshaw, S. (1992) ‘Further Thoughts on Geography and GIS – a Reply’ Environment and Planning A, 24: pp. 463–466.
Openshaw S. (1996) ‘Developing GIS-relevant Zone-based Spatial Analysis Methods’ in Longley, P. and Batty, M. (eds.) Spatial Analysis: Modeling in a GIS EnvironmentGeoInformation International: Cambridge, pp. 55–74.
Openshaw, S. (1997) ‘The Truth about Ground Truth’ Transactions in GIS, 2: pp. 2–24.
Openshaw S. (2000) ‘GeoComputation’ in Openshaw, S. and Abrahart, R. J. (eds.) GeoComputationTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 1–32.
Openshaw S. and Clarke G. (1996) ‘Developing Spatial Analysis Functions Relevant to GIS Environments’ in Fischer, M., Scholten, H. J. and Unwin, D. (eds.) Spatial Analytical Perspectives on GISTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 21–38.
Openshaw, S. and Rao, L. (1995) ‘Algorithms for Re-aggregating 1991 Census Geography’ Environment and Planning A, 27: pp. 425–446.
Openshaw S. and Taylor P. J. (1979) ‘A Million or so Correlation Coefficients: Three Experiments on the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem’ in Wrigley, N. (ed.) Statistical Applications in the Spatial SciencesPion: London, pp. 127–144.
Openshaw, S., Charlton, M., Wymer, C. and Craft, A. W. (1987) ‘A Mark 1 Geographical Analysis Machine for the Automated Analysis of Point Data Sets’ International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 1: pp. 335–358.
Openshaw S., Waugh D. and Cross A. (1994) ‘Some Ideas about the Use of Map Animation as a Spatial Analysis Tool’ in Hearnshaw, H. M. and Unwin, D. J. (eds.) Visualisation in GISJohn Wiley & Sons: Chichester, pp. 131–138.
Oracle (2005) Oracle(www.oracle.com). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Ott, T. and Swiaczny, F. (2001) Time-Integrative Geographic Information Systems: Management and Analysis of Spatio-temporal DataSpringer-Verlag: Berlin.
Pearson, A. W. and Collier, P. (1998) ‘The Integration and Analysis of Historical and Environmental Data using a Geographical Information System: Landownership and Agricultural Productivity in Pembrokeshire c. 1850’ Agricultural History Review, 46: pp. 162–176.
Pearson A. W. and Collier P. (2002) ‘Agricultural History with GIS’ in Knowles, A. K. (ed.) Past Time, Past Place: GIS for HistoryESRI Press: Redlands, CA, pp. 105–116.
Peng, Z.-R. and Tsou, M.-H. (2003) Internet GIS: Distributed Geographical Information Services for the Internet and Wireless NetworksJohn Wiley: Chichester.
Peuquet D. J. (1990) ‘A Conceptual Framework and Comparison of Spatial Data Models’ in Peuquet, D. J. and Marble, D. F. (eds.) Introductory Readings in Geographic Information SystemsTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 250–285.
Peuquet, D. J. (1994) ‘It's About Time: a Conceptual Framework for the Representation of Temporal Dynamics in Geographic Information Systems’ Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 84: pp. 441–461.
Peuquet D. J. (1999) ‘Time in GIS and Geographical Databases’ in Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems. Volume I: Principles and Technical IssuesJohn Wiley & Sons: Chichester, pp. 91–103.
Pickles J. (1995a) ‘Representations in an Electronic Age: Geography, GIS, and Democracy’ in Pickles, J. (ed.) Ground Truth: the Social Implications of Geographic Information SystemsGuilford Press: New York, NJ, pp. 1–30.
Pickles, J. (1995b, ed.) Ground Truth: the Social Implications of Geographic Information SystemsGuilford Press: New York, NJ.
Pickles J. (1999) ‘Arguments, Debates, and Dialogues: the GIS-social Theory Debate and the Concern for Alternatives’ in Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principals, Techniques, Management and Applications, 2nd editionChichester: John Wiley, pp. 49–60.
Pickles, J. (2004) A History of Spaces: Cartographic Reason, Mapping and the Geocoded WorldRoutledge: London.
Pitternick, A. (1993) ‘The Historical Atlas of Canada: the Project behind the Product’ Cartographica, 30: pp. 21–31.
Plewe, B. (2002) ‘The Nature of Uncertainty in Historical Geographical Information’ Transactions in GIS, 6: pp. 431–456.
Polis Center (2001) North American Religion Atlas(www.religionatlas.org). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Raafat, H., Yang, Z. and Gauthier, D. (1994) ‘Relational Spatial Topologies for Historical Geographical Information’ International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 8: pp. 163–173.
Raper, J. (2001) Multidimensional Geographic Information ScienceTaylor & Francis: London.
Ray B. C. (2002a) http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/salem/witchcraft. Viewed 19th December 2005.
Ray B. C. (2002b) ‘Teaching the Salem Witchcraft Trials’ in Knowles, A. K. (ed.) Past Time, Past Place: GIS for HistoryESRI Press: Redlands, CA, pp. 19–33.
Reibel, M. and Bufalino, M. E. (2005) ‘Street-weighted Interpolation Techniques for Demographic Count Estimation in Incompatible Zone Systems’ Environment and Planning A, 37: pp. 127–39.
Reid, J. S., Higgins, C., Medyckyj-Scott, D. and Robson, A. (2004) ‘Spatial Data Infrastructures and Digital Libraries: Paths to Convergence’ D-Lib Magazine, 10 (5) (www.dlib.org). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Rey, S. J. and Janikas, M. V. (2006) ‘STARS: Space-Time Analysis of Regional Systems’ Geographical Analysis, 38: pp. 67–86.
Richards, J. A. (1993) Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis: an IntroductionSpringer-Verlag: Berlin.
Riley, D. N. (1996) Aerial Archaeology in BritainShire Publications: Princes Risborough.
Robinson, A. H., Morrison, J. L., Muehrcke, P. C., Kimerling, A. J. and Guptill, S. C. (1995) Elements of Cartography, 6th editionJohn Wiley & Sons: Chichester.
Robinson, J. M. and Zubrow, E. (1997) ‘Restoring Continuity: Exploration of Techniques for Reconstructing the Spatial Distribution underlying Polygonized Data’ International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 11: pp. 633–648.
Robinson, W. (1950) ‘Ecological Correlations and the Behavior of Individuals’ American Sociological Review, 15: pp. 351–357.
Roblin, H. S. (1969) Map ProjectionsEdward Arnold: London.
Robson, B. T. (1969) Urban AnalysisCambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Rorty, R. (1979) Philosophy and the Mirror of NaturePrinceton University Press: Princeton, NJ.
Rumsey D. and Williams M. (2002) ‘Historical Maps in GIS’ in Knowles, A. K. (ed.) Past Time, Past Place: GIS for HistoryESRI Press: Redlands, CA, pp. 1–18.
Sack, R. D. (1972) ‘Geography, Geometry and Explanation’ Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 62: pp. 61–78.
Sack, R. D. (1973) ‘A Concept of Physical Space in Geography’ Geographical Analysis, 5: pp. 16–34.
Sack, R. D. (1974) ‘Chronology and Spatial Analysis’ Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 64: pp. 439–452.
Sadahiro, Y. (2000) ‘Accuracy of Count Data Transferred through the Areal Weighting Interpolation Method’ International Journal of Geographical Information Sciences, 14: pp. 25--50.
Saville, J. (1957) Rural Depopulation in England and Wales, 1851–1951Routledge & Kegan Paul: London.
Schaefer M. (2003) ‘Visually Interpreting History – the Battle of Hastings’. Paper presented at the 2003 Social Science History Association conference.
Schaefer, M. (2004) ‘Design and Implementation of a Proposed Standard for Digital Storage and Internet-based Retrieval of Data from the Tithe Survey of England and Wales’ Historical Methods, 37: pp. 61–72.
Schofield, R. (1965) ‘The Geographical Distribution of Wealth in England, 1334–1649’ Economic History Review: Second Series, 18: pp. 483–510.
Scollar, I., Tabbagh, A., Hesse, A. and Herzog, I. (1990) Archaeological Prospecting and Remote SensingCambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Shaw, G. and Wheeler, D. (1994) Statistical Techniques in Geographical AnalysisDavid Fulton: London.
Sheehan-Dean A. C. (2002) ‘Similarity and Difference in the Antebellum North and South’ in Knowles, A. K. (ed.) Past time, Past Place: GIS for HistoryESRI Press: Redlands, CA, pp. 35–50.
Shennan, I. and Donoghue, D. N. M. (1992) ‘Remote Sensing in Archaeological Research’ Proceedings of the British Academy, 77: pp. 223–232.
Shepherd I. D. H. (1995) ‘Putting Time on the Map: Dynamic Displays in Data Visualization’ in Fisher, P. F. (ed.) Innovations in GIS 2 Taylor & Francis: London, pp. 169–188.
Siebert, L. (2000) ‘Using GIS to Document, Visualize, and Interpret Tokyo's Spatial History’ Social Science History, 24: 537–574.
Skinner, G. W., Henderson, M. and Jianhua, Y. (2000) ‘China's Fertility Transition through Regional Space’ Social Science History, 24: pp. 613–652.
Smith, N. (1992) ‘History and Philosophy of Geography: Real Wars, Theory Wars’ Progress in Human Geography, 16: pp. 257–271.
Smith, D. M., Crane, G. and Rydberg-Cox, J. (2000) ‘The Perseus Project: a Digital Library for the Humanities’ Literary and Linguistic Computing, 15: pp. 15–25.
Social Explorer (2006) Social Explorer(www.socialexplorer.org). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Southall, H. R. (2006) ‘A Vision of Britain through Time: Making Sense of 200 years of Census Reports’ Local Population Studies, 76: 76–84.
Spence, C. (2000a) London in the 1690s: a Social AtlasCentre for Metropolitan History, Institute of Historical Research: London.
Spence C. (2000b) ‘Computers, Maps and Metropolitan London in the 1690s’ in Woollard, M. (ed.) New Windows on London's Past: Information Technology and the Transformation of Metropolitan HistoryAssociation for History and Computing: Glasgow, pp. 25–46.
Steers, J. A. (1950) An Introduction to the Study of Map Projections, 8th editionUniversity of London Press: London.
Taylor, P. J. (1990) ‘Editorial Comment: GKS’ Political Geography Quarterly, 9: pp. 211–212.
Taylor P. J. and Johnston R. J. (1995) ‘GIS and Geography’ in Pickles, J. (ed.) Ground Truth: the Social Implications of Geographic Information SystemsGuilford Press: New York NJ, pp. 51–67.
Thomas, W. G. and Ayers, E. L. (2003) ‘An Overview: the Differences Slavery Made: a Close Analysis of Two American Communities’ American Historical Review, 108: pp. 1298–1307, See also www.historycooperative.org/ahr/elec-projects.html. Viewed 22 June 2007.
TimeMap (2005) TimeMap: Time-based Interactive Mapping(www.timemap.net). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Tobler, W. (1970) ‘A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region’ Economic Geography, 46: pp. 234–240.
Tomlin C. D. (1991) ‘Cartographic Modelling’ in Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F. and Rhind, D. W.Geographical Information Systems: Principles and applications. Volume I: PrinciplesLongman Scientific and Technical: London, pp. 361–374.
Tomlinson R. F. (1990) ‘Geographical Information Systems – a New Frontier’ in Peuquet, D. J. and Marble, D. F. (eds.) Introductory Readings in Geographic Information SystemsTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 18–29.
Townsend, S., Chappell, C. and Struijvé, O. (1999) Digitising History: a Guide to Creating Digital Resources from Historical DocumentsOxbow Books: Oxford.
Tufte, E. R. (1990) Envisioning InformationGraphics Press: Cheshire, CT.
Tukey, J. W. (1977) Exploratory Data AnalysisAddison-Wesley: Reading, MA.
Unwin, D. (1995) ‘Geographic Information Systems and the Problem of “Error and Uncertainty”’ Progress in Human Geography, 19: pp. 549–558.
Unwin D. (1996) ‘Integration through Overlay Analysis’ in Fischer, M., Scholten, H. J. and Unwin, D. (eds.) Spatial Analytical Perspectives on GISTaylor & Francis: London pp. 129–138.
US Bureau of the Census (1990) ‘Technical Description of the DIME System’ in Peuquet, D. J. and Marble, D. F. (eds.) Introductory Readings in Geographical Information SystemsTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 100–111.
VanHaute, E. (2005) ‘The Belgium Historical GIS’ Historical Geography, 33: pp. 136–139.
Verbyla, D. L. (2002) Practical GIS AnalysisTaylor & Francis: London.
Vision of Britain (2005) A Vision of Britain through Time(www.visionofbritain.org.uk). Viewed 22 June 2007.
Visvalingham M. (1994) ‘Visualisation in GIS, Cartography and ViSC’ in Hearnshaw, H. M. and Unwin, D. J. (eds.) Visualisation in GISJohn Wiley & Sons: Chichester, pp. 18–25.
Vrana, R. (1989) ‘Historical Data as an Explicit Component of Land Information Systems’ International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 3: pp. 33–49.
Vrana R. (1990) ‘Historical Data as an Explicit Component of Land Information Systems’ in Peuquet, D. J. and Marble, D. F. (eds.) Introductory Readings in Geographical Information SystemsTaylor & Francis: London, pp. 286–302.
Wachowicz, M. (1999) Object-orientated Design for Temporal GISTaylor & Francis: London.
Walford, N. (2005) ‘Connecting Historical and Contemporary Small-area Geography in Britain: the Creation of Digital Boundary Data for 1971 and 1981 Census Units’ International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 19: pp. 749–767.
Weibel R. and Heller, M. (1991) ‘Digital Terrain Modelling’ in Maguire, D. J., Goodchild, M. F. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications. Volume I: PrinciplesLongman Scientific and Technical: Harlow, pp. 269–297.
Wilson, A. (2001) ‘Sydney TimeMap: Integrating Historical Resources Using GIS’ History and Computing, 13: pp. 45–69.
Wood M. and Brodlie K. (1994) ‘ViSC and GIS: Some Fundamental Considerations’ in Hearnshaw, H. M. and Unwin, D. J. (eds.) Visualisation in GISJohn Wiley & Sons: Chichester, pp. 3–8.
Woods, R. (1979) Population Analysis in GeographyLongman: London.
Woods, R. and Shelton, N. (1997) An Alas of Victorian MortalityLiverpool University Press: Liverpool.
Woollard, M. (2000, ed.) New Windows on London's Past: Information Technology and the Transformation of Metropolitan HistoryAssociation for History and Computing: Glasgow.
Worboys M. (1998) ‘A Generic Model for Spatio-bitemporal Geographic Information’ in Egenhofer, M. and Golledge, R. (eds.) Spatial and Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Information SystemsOxford University Press: Oxford, pp. 25–39.
Worboys M. F. (1999) ‘Relational Databases and Beyond’ in Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J. and Rhind, D. W. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principals, Techniques, Management and Applications, 2nd editionJohn Wiley: Chichester, pp. 373–384.
Worcester, D. (1982) Dust Bowl: the Southern Plains in the 1930sOxford University Press: Oxford.
Wrigley N., Holt T., Steel D. and Tranmer M. (1996) ‘Analysing, modeling, and resolving the Ecological Fallacy’ in Longley, P. and Batty, M. (eds.) Spatial Analysis: Modeling in a GIS EnvironmentGeoInformation International: Cambridge, pp. 25–40.
Zadeh, L. (1965) ‘Fuzzy Sets’ Information and Control, 8: pp. 338–353.
