Much has been written, over the last two decades, about the ways gender plays a role in generating, or at least shaping, the forms and the effects of political violence perpetrated under authoritarian regimes and during armed conflict. This literature describes how women suffer as a result of activities that target civilians. It also testifies to the ways women are specifically targeted because of their political agency, their engagement in peace processes, their involvement in communal forms of life, their roles as mothers or family members, and their fight for truth and justice for their loved ones. If some of the reasons for targeting women are gender specific, so are some of the forms of violence women encounter as well as the short- and long-term effects of violence in their lives. Thus, women are more frequently subject to sexual and reproductive violence than men are. They also experience forms of domestic enslavement more often. Finally, women bear the brunt of the consequences of violent actions that target their men, as can be attested to by the many single-headed households after conflict, the vivid expressions of the pain of the mothers of the disappeared, or the overrepresentation of women among the refugees or internally displaced populations in scenarios of conflict. If this is true for women, the gender-specific reasons, forms, and effects of large-scale political violence that disparately impact on men remain to this day largely unexplored.