This chapter reviews the progress in cryopreservation and transplantation of whole ovaries that have been made in both animal and human models. The rodent model and the sheep model are the two animal models discussed in the chapter. Whole ovary cryopreservation in the sheep has been attempted through both slow-cooling and vitrification methodologies. The chapter describes successful cryopreservation of the human ovary in two premenopausal women. In each case, one ovary was harvested and perfused. Another area of continued refinement in whole organ cryopreservation and subsequent transplantation is the method of oophorectomy. Laparoscopy has been shown to be successful in resection of the ovary and pedicle, and the advent of robotic surgery will continue to aid in the long dissection of the vascular pedicle that is a prerequisite both for perfusion of the ovarian artery and for a future anastomosis.