Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-sjtt6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-21T09:41:27.387Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

21 - Illiberal Constitutionalism and the Abuse of Constitutional Identity

from Part IV - Emerging Trends

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2024

Ran Hirschl
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Yaniv Roznai
Affiliation:
Reichman University, Israel
Get access

Summary

Increasingly, illiberal and authoritarian governments are seizing upon the concept of constitutional identity in order to justify and vindicate their political projects in the face of external criticism. This contribution raises questions about what these invocations tell us about the normative value of constitutional identity. The authors argue that, in the European context of supranational legal integration, constitutional identity should not be seen as an unconditional source of value. Invocations of constitutional identity only deserve recognition to the extent that they serve the ideals of constitutionalism. Where constitutional identity is invoked as a normative argument, the normative expectation of constitutionalism is implied – claims from constitutional identity that stand at odds with the ideals of constitutionalism, in fact, invoke the former ironically and frivolously. Exemplary cases in which constitutional identity is invoked to justify forms of ‘illiberal’ constitutionalism – notably the Polish and Hungarian cases – should be considered abuses of the concept as they do not live up to the normative expectations which they evoke.

Type
Chapter
Information
Deciphering the Genome of Constitutionalism
The Foundations and Future of Constitutional Identity
, pp. 272 - 285
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alejandro, Saiz-Arnaiz and Alcoberro Llivina, Carina, eds. 2013. National Constitutional Identity and European Integration. Cambridge: Intersentia.Google Scholar
Blokker, Paul. 2019. ‘Populist Counter-Constitutionalism, Conservatism, and Legal Fundamentalism’. European Constitutional Law Review 15 (3), 519543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calliess, Christian and van der Schyff, Gerhard. 2019. Constitutional Identity in a Europe of Multilevel Constitutionalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claes, Monica. 2016. ‘The Validity and Primacy of EU Law and the “Cooperative Relationship” between National Constitutional Courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union.Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 23 (1): 151170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Constitutional Court of Hungary. 2016. Decision 22/2016 AB (30 November 2016).Google Scholar
Court of Justice of the European Union. 2018a. Case C-64/16 Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses (27 February 2018) ECLI:EU:C:2018:117.Google Scholar
Court of Justice of the European Union. 2018b. Case C-216/18 PPU LM (25 July 2018) ECLI:EU:C:2018:586.Google Scholar
Court of Justice of the European Union. 2019. Case C-585/18 A.K. and others v Sąd Najwyższy (19 November 2019).Google Scholar
Court of Justice of the European Union. 2020. Case C-924/19 PPU Országos Idegenrendészeti Főigazgatóság Dél-alföldi Regionális Igazgatóság ECLI:EU:C:2020:367.Google Scholar
Court of Justice of the European Union. 2021a. Case C-824/18 AB (2 March 2021) ECLI:EU:C:2021:153.Google Scholar
Court of Justice of the European Union. 2021b. Case C-791/19 Commission v Poland (15 July 2021) ECLI:EU:C:2021:596.Google Scholar
Dzehtsiarou, Kanstantsin. 2015. European Consensus and the Legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gliszczyńska-Grabias, Aleksandra, and Sadurski, Wojciech. 2021. ‘The Judgment That Wasn’t (But Which Nearly Brought Poland to a Standstill): ‘Judgment’ of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal of 22 October 2020, K1/20.European Constitutional Law Review 17 (1): 130153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grimm, Dieter. 2010. ‘The Achievement of Constitutionalism and Its Prospects in a Changed World’. In The Twilight of Constitutionalism, edited by Loughlin, Martin and Dobner, Petra, 322. Oxford University Press. Accessed 5 October 2020. http://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199585007.001.0001/acprof-9780199585007-chapter-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen, and Rehg, William. 2001. ‘Constitutional Democracy: A Paradoxical Union of Contradictory Principles?Political Theory 29 (6): 766781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halmai, Gábor. 2018. ‘Abuse of Constitutional Identity. The Hungarian Constitutional Court on Interpretation of Article E) (2) of the Fundamental Law.Review of Central and East European Law 43: 2342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobsohn, Gary Jeffrey. 2010. Constitutional Identity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Krygier, Martin. 2017. ‘Tempering Power’. In Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law, edited by Adams, Maurice, Meuwese, Anne, and Ballin, Ernst Hirsch, 3459. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumm, M. 2012. ‘Rethinking Constitutional Authority: On Structure and Limits of Constitutional Pluralism.’ In Constitutional Pluralism in the European Union and Beyond, edited by Avbelj, M. and Komárek, J., 51. Hart.Google Scholar
Kumm, M. and Ferreres Comella, V.. 2005. ‘The Primacy Clause of the Constitutional Treaty and the Future of Constitutional Conflict in the European Union’ 3 ICON 473–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lánczi, András. 2015. Political Realism and Wisdom. Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lánczi, András. 2018. ‘The Renewed Social Contract–Hungary’s Elections.Hungarian Review 9 (3). www.hungarianreview.com/article/20180525_the_renewed_social_contract_hungary_s_elections_2018.Google Scholar
Latham-Gambi, Alexander. 2020. ‘Political Constitutionalism and Legal Constitutionalism – An Imaginary Opposition?Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 40 (4): 737763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefort, Claude. 1988. Democracy and Political Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Legutko, Ryszard. 2016. The Demon in Democracy: Totalitarian Temptations in Free Societies. New York: Encounter Books.Google Scholar
Lindahl, Hans. 2008. ‘Constituent Power and Reflexive Identity: Towards an Ontology of Collective Selfhood’. In The Paradox of Constitutionalism, edited by Walker, Neil and Loughlin, Martin. Oxford: Oxford University Press. www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199552207.001.0001/acprof-9780199552207-chapter-2.Google Scholar
Népszava. 2019. Handó: Nem kell a bíróságoknak szembehelyezkedniük az állammal, https://nepszava.hu/3029940_hando-nem-kell-a-birosagoknak-szembehelyezkedniuk-az-allammal.Google Scholar
Orbán Viktor. 2014. Speech at Bӑile Tuńnad (Tusnádfürdő) of 26 July 2014. Budapest Beacon. http://budapestbeacon.com/public-policy/full-text-of-viktor-orbans-speech-at-baile-tusnad-tusnadfurdo-of-26-july-2014/.Google Scholar
Pech, Laurent, and Lane Scheppele, Kim. 2017. ‘Illiberalism Within: Rule of Law Backsliding in the EU’. Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 19 (December): 347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perju, Vlad. 2020. ‘Identity Federalism in Europe and the United States’. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 53 (1): 207274.Google Scholar
Polish Constitutional Tribunal. 2020. Case K 1/20 (22 October 2020). https://ipo.trybunal.gov.pl/ipo/view/sprawa.xhtml?&pokaz=dokumenty&sygnatura=K%201/20.Google Scholar
Polzin, Monika. 2016. ‘Constitutional Identity, Unconstitutional Amendments And The Idea of Constituent Power: The Development of The Doctrine of Constitutional Identity in German Constitutional Law.International Journal of Constitutional Law 14 (2), 411438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenfeld, Michel. 2010. The Identity of the Constitutional Subject: Selfhood, Citizenship, Culture, and Community. Oxfordshire: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rovo, Attila and Kovács, Zoltán. 2020. ‘Hungarian Constitutional Amendment to Crack down on Gender Issues, Narrow Definition of Public Funds’. Telex, 10 November 2020. https://telex.hu/english/2020/11/10/hungary-constitutional-amendment-gender-family-public-funds-special-legal-order.Google Scholar
Sadurski, Wojciech. 2006. ‘European Constitutional Identity?’ EUI Law Working Paper Series, no. 2006/33.Google Scholar
Sadurski, Wojciech. 2019. Poland’s Constitutional Breakdown. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sajó, András and Giuliano, Sergio. 2019. ‘The Perils of Complacency: The European Human Rights Backlash’. In The Challenge of Inter-Legality, edited by Klabbers, Jan and Palombella, Gianluigi, 1st ed., 230249. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sartori, Giovanni. 1962. ‘Constitutionalism: A Preliminary Discussion’. The American Political Science Review 56 (4): 853864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scholtes, Julian. 2023. The Abuse of Constitutional Identity in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, Zoltán. 2014. ‘Hungary Premier Orbán Sticks to Maverick Path as U.S. Ties Sour.’ Bloomberg. www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-15/hungary-premier-orban-sticks-to-maverick-path-as-u-s-ties-sour.Google Scholar
Somek, Alexander. 2014. The Cosmopolitan Constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The Chancellery of the Prime Minister. 2018. ‘White Paper on the Reform of the Polish Judiciary’. www.premier.gov.pl/files/files/white_paper_en_full.pdf.Google Scholar
Tellér, Gyula. 2014. Született-e Orbán-rendzer 2010 és 2014 között? [Was an Orbán system born between 2010 and 2014?]. Nagyvilág.Google Scholar
Tripkovic, Bosko. 2017. The Metaethics of Constitutional Adjudication. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Vinx, L. 2013. ‘The Incoherence of Strong Popular Sovereignty.’ International Journal of Constitutional Law 11: 101124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, Neil. 2002. ‘The Idea of Constitutional Pluralism’. Modern Law Review 65 (3): 317–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiler, J. H. H. 2003. ‘In Defence of the Status Quo: Europe’s Constitutional Sonderweg.’ In European Constitutionalism Beyond the State, edited by Weiler, J. H. H. and Wind, M., 720. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wyrzykowski, Miroslaw. 2019. ‘Experiencing the Unimaginable: The Collapse of the Rule of Law in Poland.Hague Journal on the Rule of Law 11: 417, 418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×