Leoni Ayoub obtained her PhD in 2021 after successfully defending her thesis ‘Judicial Activism and Restraint in the Creation of the International Judicial Function: How Have Activism and Restraint Shaped the International Courts?’ She holds an LLB from the University of Kent in Canterbury, an LLM in public international law from the University of Kent in Brussels and a Specialisation Masters (LLM) in European law from the Free University of Brussels (2015). She was called to the English Bar (Lincoln’s Inn) in 2013 and the Cypriot Bar in 2018, and since April 2020 has served as a consultant to the World Bank Group in Washington, DC.

Paula Baldini Miranda da Cruz is a lawyer specialising in international law and dispute settlement. Her research interests cover the development and implementation of international law, legal culture and institutions. She is a PhD candidate at the Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies and a qualified attorney admitted to the Brazilian and Portuguese Bars.

Silviana Cocan is a lecturer at the Université de Montréal Faculty of Law and a BCL/JD candidate at McGill University. She holds a double PhD in international law from Université Laval Faculty of Law and Université de Bordeaux Faculty of Law and Political Science. Her thesis, ‘The Dialogue between International Jurisdictions and Quasi-Jurisdictions Protecting Human Rights: The Example of the Prohibition of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment’, published by LGDJ in 2020, won the Louis Joinet thesis prize from the Francophone Institute for Justice and Democracy and the thesis prize of the Quebec Society of Comparative Law. Her research interests focus on public international law, international human rights law, comparative law and international refugee and migration law.

Harlan Grant Cohen is Professor of Law at Fordham University Law School, prior to which he held the positions of Gabriel M. Wilner/UGA Foundation Professor in International Law and Faculty Co-director of the Dean Rusk International Law Center at the University of Georgia School of Law. His scholarship focuses on international legal theory, global governance, international trade and US foreign relations law, particularly with regard to sources, authority, communities of practice and the role of history in international and foreign relations law.

Craig Eggett is Assistant Professor of International Law at Maastricht University. His PhD research focused on the nature and functions of general principles of law in the international legal system. His current research interests include the rights of future generations, the role of courts and tribunals in international law-making and normative interaction in international law. He is Convenor of the Maastricht International Law Discussion Group and a member of the Maastricht Centre for Human Rights.

Andreas Follesdal is Professor of Political Philosophy at the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo. He was Co-director of the PluriCourts Centre for the Study of the Legitimate Roles of the Judiciary in the Global Order and Principal Investigator for European Research Council Advanced Grant MultiRights 2011–16 on the legitimacy of a multilevel human rights judiciary. He holds a PhD in philosophy from Harvard University. His published works in the field of political philosophy cover international political and legal theory, globalisation/Europeanisation, human rights and socially responsible investing. He is General Editor (with Geir Ulfstein) of two book series published by Cambridge University Press: Studies on Human Rights Conventions and Studies in International Courts and Tribunals.

Marina Fortuna is Assistant Professor at the University of Groningen and a member of the TRICI-Law project. Her research on the interpretation of customary international law in international courts and tribunals is funded by the European Research Council and focuses on the practice of international courts and quasi-judicial bodies, especially the ICJ, human rights courts and international criminal tribunals, examined from the perspective of various aspects of general international law. In 2023, she successfully defended her thesis ‘Interpretation of Customary International Law in International Courts: A Mosaic of Methods’.

Kostia Gorobets is Assistant Professor of International Law at the University of Groningen. He specialises in analytical jurisprudence, philosophy of international law and their interplay. In 2022, he successfully defended his thesis ‘Contemplating an Uneven Landscape: The Authority of International Law’.

Charalampos Giannakopoulos is Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for International Law (CIL) and Adjunct Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore. He holds a PhD in international law from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, an LLM in public international law from University College London and an LLB from the University of Athens. His principal areas of research are international investment law and arbitration, ASEAN investment law and policy, international adjudication, treaty interpretation and legal theory. His monograph Manifestations of Coherence and Investor-State Arbitration was published by Cambridge University Press in 2022.

Henrique Marcos is currently preparing a double doctorate at Maastricht University (Foundations and Methods of Law) and the University of São Paulo (International and Comparative Law). He is also a researcher at the University of São Paulo’s Centre for Research in International Courts (Núcleo de Estudos em Tribunais Internacionais – NETI).

Panos Merkouris is Professor of International Law at the University of Groningen. He is Principal Investigator for the TRICI-Law project (funded by European Research Council grant agreement no. 759728). He has written extensively on the law of treaties, sources and interpretation, and is the author of Interpretation of Customary International Law: Of Methods and Limits (Brill, 2023) and co-author, with Professor Malgosia Fitzmaurice, of Treaties in Motion (Cambridge University Press, 2020).

Eleni Micha teaches at the University of Athens Law School and is a visiting lecturer at Frederick University in Cyprus and a practising human rights lawyer. She holds a doctorate in law from the University of Athens and a diploma from the ICRC. She specialises in public international law, with a particular interest in the international protection of human rights, international humanitarian law, international criminal law and geopolitics. Her most recent work deals with jurisdictional and evidentiary issues at the International Criminal Court and the execution of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in the domestic legal order.

Tamás Molnár is a legal research officer at the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights in Vienna. He is a visiting lecturer on international migration law in the Department of International Relations at Corvinus University of Budapest. He holds an LLM in EU law and a PhD and a “habilitation” (post-doctoral teaching and research quantification) in international law, and has published widely in the fields of international and EU migration law and the relationship between legal orders. His latest monograph, The Interplay between the EU’s Return Acquis and International Law, was published by Edward Elgar in 2021. He is also the co-author, with Ramses A Wessel, of Interactions between EU Law and International Law. Juxtaposed Perspectives (Edward Elgar 2024).

Raphael Oidtmann currently serves as a parliamentary and legal advisor at the Hessian State Parliament as well as an adjunct lecturer in international law at the Mannheim Law School. He holds Master’s degrees in political science (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), international and comparative law (University of Mannheim, University of Adelaide) and international relations (University of Cambridge) and is currently an external PhD candidate at Goethe University Frankfurt. His principal teaching and research interests pertain to (general) international law, international criminal law, the history of international law, human rights and the law of armed conflict, as well as international relations theory and history, geopolitics, international security studies and European Union integration.

Geir Ulfstein is Professor Emeritus of International Law at the University of Oslo and was Co-director of the PluriCourts Centre for the Study of the Legitimate Roles of the Judiciary in the Global Order. His publications cover various areas of international law, including the law of the sea, international environmental law, international human rights, international institutional law and international courts. He is General Editor (with Andreas Follesdal) of two book series published by Cambridge University Press: Studies on Human Rights Conventions and Studies in International Courts and Tribunals.

Pauline Westerman is Professor of Philosophy of Law at Groningen University Law, serves on staff of the Academy for Legislation in The Hague and is a member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences. Her interests centre on the making of law, the formation of soft law arrangements and the emergence and development of international law. Her book Outsourcing the Law: A Philosophical Perspective on Regulation was published by Edward Elgar in 2018. She has also co-edited two volumes: Conceptual (Re)Constructions of International Law, with co-editors Kostia Gorobets and Andreas Hadjigeorgiou, published by Edward Elgar in 2022, and Legal Validity and Soft Law, with co-editors Jaap Hage, Stephan Kirste and Anne Ruth Mackor, published by Springer in 2018.

William Thomas Worster teaches public international law, the law of international organisations and international migration/refugee law at The Hague University of Applied Sciences and the University of Missouri–Kansas City. He earned a JD from Chicago–Kent College of Law and an LLM in Public International Law from Leiden University. He is also currently an external PhD candidate at the University of Amsterdam. His research interests correspond to his areas of teaching, with a particular focus on international legal actors, nationality law and sources of international law.