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Chapter 2 - Symptoms and Signs of Cardiac Disease

from Section 1 - Routine Cardiac Surgery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

By
Joseph E. Arrowsmith
Edited by
Joseph Arrowsmith ,
Andrew Roscoe  and
Jonathan Mackay
Joseph Arrowsmith
Affiliation:
Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge
Andrew Roscoe
Affiliation:
Singapore General Hospital
Jonathan Mackay
Affiliation:
Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge
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Summary

Despite the widespread availability of investigational tests and imaging techniques for the diagnosis and management of cardiac disease, eliciting a comprehensive history and performing a systematic physical examination remain essential clinical skills.

Type
Chapter
Information
Core Topics in Cardiac Anaesthesia , pp. 6 - 10
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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References

Further Reading

Campeau, L. Grading of angina pectoris. Circulation 1976; 54: 522–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Constant, J. Essentials of Bedside Cardiology, 2nd edn. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The Criteria Committee of the New York Heart Association. Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels, 9th edn. Boston, MA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 1994.Google Scholar
Hlatky, MA, Boineau, RE, Higginbotham, MB, et al. A brief self-administered questionnaire to determine functional capacity (the Duke Activity Status Index). Am J Cardiol 1989; 64: 651–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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