Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- 1 Introduction to MR spectroscopy in vivo
- 2 Pulse sequences and protocol design
- 3 Spectral analysis methods, quantitation, and common artifacts
- 4 Normal regional variations: brain development and aging
- 5 MRS in brain tumors
- 6 MRS in stroke and hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy
- 7 MRS in infectious, inflammatory, and demyelinating lesions
- 8 MRS in epilepsy
- 9 MRS in neurodegenerative disease
- 10 MRS in traumatic brain injury
- 11 MRS in cerebral metabolic disorders
- 12 MRS in prostate cancer
- 13 MRS in breast cancer
- 14 MRS in musculoskeletal disease
- Index
- References
12 - MRS in prostate cancer
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- 1 Introduction to MR spectroscopy in vivo
- 2 Pulse sequences and protocol design
- 3 Spectral analysis methods, quantitation, and common artifacts
- 4 Normal regional variations: brain development and aging
- 5 MRS in brain tumors
- 6 MRS in stroke and hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy
- 7 MRS in infectious, inflammatory, and demyelinating lesions
- 8 MRS in epilepsy
- 9 MRS in neurodegenerative disease
- 10 MRS in traumatic brain injury
- 11 MRS in cerebral metabolic disorders
- 12 MRS in prostate cancer
- 13 MRS in breast cancer
- 14 MRS in musculoskeletal disease
- Index
- References
Summary
Key points
Prostate cancer has a high incidence, and is one of the leading causes of death in men.
The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing prostate cancer with conventional imaging methods (ultra sound, MRI) is relatively low.
The normal prostate contains high levels of citrate (Cit) which can be detected in the proton spectrum at 2.6 ppm. Other compounds detectable in vivo include creatine, choline, spermine, and lipids.
Citrate is a strongly coupled mutiple at 1.5 and 3.0 T. For optimum detection, careful attention to pulse sequence parameters (TR, TE) is required. TE 120 ms is commonly used at 1.5 T, and TE 75–100 ms at 3 T.
Multiple studies have reported that prostate cancer is associated with decreased levels of citrate and increased levels of Cho, compared to both normal prostate and also benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
MRS and MRSI of the prostate is technically challenging: water- and lipid-suppressed 3D-MRSI is the method of choice for most prostate spectroscopy studies.
Some studies report that adding MRSI to conventional MRI increases sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer diagnosis.
MRSI is traditionally performed with an endorectal surface coil, but acceptable quality data may be obtained at 3 T with external phased-array coils which are more comfortable for patients.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical MR SpectroscopyTechniques and Applications, pp. 212 - 228Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009