Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Clinical syndromes: general
- Part II Clinical syndromes: head and neck
- Part III Clinical syndromes: eye
- Part IV Clinical syndromes: skin and lymph nodes
- Part V Clinical syndromes: respiratory tract
- Part VI Clinical syndromes: heart and blood vessels
- Part VII Clinical syndromes: gastrointestinal tract, liver, and abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical syndromes: genitourinary tract
- Part IX Clinical syndromes: musculoskeletal system
- Part X Clinical syndromes: neurologic system
- Part XI The susceptible host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial infection
- Part XIV Infections related to surgery and trauma
- Part XV Prevention of infection
- Part XVI Travel and recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific organisms: bacteria
- Part XIX Specific organisms: spirochetes
- Part XX Specific organisms: Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific organisms: Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific organisms: fungi
- Part XXIII Specific organisms: viruses
- Part XXIV Specific organisms: parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial therapy: general considerations
- 205 Principles of antibiotic therapy
- 206 Antibacterial agents
- 207 Antifungal therapy
- 208 Antiviral therapy
- 209 Probiotics
- 210 Hypersensitivity to antibiotics
- 211 Antimicrobial agent tables
- Index
- References
205 - Principles of antibiotic therapy
from Part XXV - Antimicrobial therapy: general considerations
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 April 2015
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Clinical syndromes: general
- Part II Clinical syndromes: head and neck
- Part III Clinical syndromes: eye
- Part IV Clinical syndromes: skin and lymph nodes
- Part V Clinical syndromes: respiratory tract
- Part VI Clinical syndromes: heart and blood vessels
- Part VII Clinical syndromes: gastrointestinal tract, liver, and abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical syndromes: genitourinary tract
- Part IX Clinical syndromes: musculoskeletal system
- Part X Clinical syndromes: neurologic system
- Part XI The susceptible host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial infection
- Part XIV Infections related to surgery and trauma
- Part XV Prevention of infection
- Part XVI Travel and recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific organisms: bacteria
- Part XIX Specific organisms: spirochetes
- Part XX Specific organisms: Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific organisms: Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific organisms: fungi
- Part XXIII Specific organisms: viruses
- Part XXIV Specific organisms: parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial therapy: general considerations
- 205 Principles of antibiotic therapy
- 206 Antibacterial agents
- 207 Antifungal therapy
- 208 Antiviral therapy
- 209 Probiotics
- 210 Hypersensitivity to antibiotics
- 211 Antimicrobial agent tables
- Index
- References
Summary
Over the last three decades, there has been the recognition of a very disturbing trend of antibiotic resistance amongst a wide variety of pathogens that are causing serious disease in patients residing in the community, in long-term care facilities, and in hospitals. Especially troublesome have been Streptococcus pneumoniae that may be resistant to penicillin and/or fluoroquinolones; Staphylococcus aureus, including all methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) variants, and rarely, those that may be resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, or daptomycin; Enterococcus spp. that are not susceptible to ampicillin, vancomycin, linezolid, or daptomycin; extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to numerous agents; multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter spp.; carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and other Enterobacteriaceae; clindamycin-resistant Bacteroides fragilis; and Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms resistant to all available drugs.
The pharmaceutical industry has responded to this grave concern and has developed a variety of agents, for example quinupristin–dalfopristin, linezolid, daptomycin, telavancin, and dalbavancin, which generally inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria; ceftaroline and ceftibiprole, which are cephalosporin class drugs that inhibit gram-positive organisms, including MRSA, and gram-negative bacteria; and tigecycline, which possesses inhibitory activity for a wide range of gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria. As these antibiotics are used more frequently, it may be easier to precisely establish the indications for their use, their potential to cause toxicities and drug–drug interactions, and to identify the preferred agent for a specific infection.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 1324 - 1332Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015