Index

Gregory Baker

doi:10.1017/9781108953825.010

Index

Abbey Theatre 2n9, 91–93, 134n71, 137, 154–155

Æ (George William Russell) 13–14, 216–217

on Anna Livia Plurabelle (Joyce) 229

on Cuchulain of Muirthemne (Gregory) 111

Aeschylus 80, 81

and Heaney 155n194

Jebb on 140

and Oisin (Yeats) 77

Prometheus Bound (Case trans.) 237

Agate, James 169

Aitken, William 253

Aldington, Richard 86

Allen, Nicholas 4

Amis, Kingsley 254

An Claidheamh Soluis (The Sword of Light) (periodical) 4n19, 15–16

An Comunn Gàidhealach 37

Anathemata, The (Jones) 46–47, 159–160, 183, 184–190, 192–194, 250–252, 254

“Angle-Land” 185–188

Anglicization 3–4, 14

and Ireland 52, 52–55

“The Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland” (Hyde) 49–51

and Scotland 209

and Wales 42–43, 166, 174

Anglo-Irish (language) 52–53, 68, 163, 164, 202n44

Anglo-Welsh (language) 162–166

Anna Livia Plurabelle (Joyce) 229

Antigone (Sophocles) 153–156

Antigone, The Riot Act (Paulin) 154, 155

“Anything Can Happen” (Heaney) 155n196

Arbois de Jubainville, Marie Henri d’ 93n59, 132

Arendt, Hannah 236

Aristophanes, Frogs 80–81

Arnall, Father (in Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man) 34

Arnold, Matthew

on English literature 241–242, 243

Hellenic styles of poetry 73–77

on Homer 100, 105–106

on Newman 63–65

“On the Modern Element in Literature” 56–57

on the Odyssey (Morris version) 110

Sohrab and Rustum 73–75

on Sophocles 131

Arte of English Poesy, The (Puttenham) 79

artistic freedom 128–131

Atkinson, Robert 16, 21–23

Auden, W. H. 192, 193n209

authentic translation

Woolf on 239–240see also mistranslation

Authoress of the Odyssey, The (Butler) 101

aversion and service, rites of 104–105

Babel, or The Past, Present, and Future of Human Speech (Paget) 203–204

ballad-poetry 64–65

Ballantyne, Archibald 110–111

Barnacle, Nora 117n211

Barnes, Ben 154

Barrès, Maurice 191

Barry, William Francis 14–16

Basic English 200–201, 229

Bell, Quentin 237

Bérard, Victor 103–104

Les Phéniciens et l’Odyssée 101

Bergson, Henri, An Introduction to Metaphysics 209n89, 220–221

Best, R. I. 93

Birth of Tragedy, The (Nietzsche) 133n64, 136

Blackie, John Stuart, On the Living Language of the Greeks 196

Blair, Hugh 62

Blair, Peter Hunter, An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England 179–180

Bloom, Leopold (character in Joyce’s Ulysses) 96n83, 115, 117n211117–122

Bold, Alan 227n185

Bolgar, R. R. 8n44

Borges, Jorge Luis 121

Bridges, Robert 182

Britto 161

Browne, Rev. Henry Martyn, S. J. 29–31

Budgen, Frank 102

Bulwer-Lytton, Robert 241

Bunting, Basil 219

Burial at Thebes, The (Heaney) 153–156

Burke, Peter, Cultural Hybridity 236

Burns, Robert 214

Bush, Ron 100, 101

Bussell, Louis 183

Butcher, Samuel Henry 138–139

translation of the Odyssey 101, 102–104, 113

Butler, Samuel

prose versions of Homer 102–104

The Authoress of the Odyssey 101

Byrne, John Francis 117n211, 120

Carne-Ross, Donald 147–148

Case, Janet Elizabeth 237

Castle, Gregory 88

Catholic Church 20n113, 24n143, 29n170, 183n152see also Anathemata, The (Jones); Protestantism

“Celtic fringe” 5

Celtic revival 3–5, 197, 227

“Celtic USSR” 223n168

censorship

in England 131

in Ireland 91–92, 133, 148–, 151, 154

Challenge to the Highlander (Ramsay) 40

Chamber Music (Joyce) 89

Chapman, George 64

choruses, in Yeats’ Oedipus 143, 146–148

Chute, Rev. Desmond 183

Citizen (character in Joyce’s Ulysses) 114–115, 118, 121

Clark, David 145

Classical School of English Literature 72

Cleverdon, Douglas 182n148

Clonmel Chronicle (periodical), review of Oisin (Yeats) 72

Cochrane, Charles Norris 160, 176–177

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 232–233

Collingwood, R. G. 160, 176–177, 178–179

Collins, John Churton 241, 242

Commercial Calvinists 226–27n179

communism 197, 217–218, 223–224

compound epithets 79–82

Comyn, David, translation of Laoidh Oisín air Thír na n-Óg 69–70

Conroy, Gabriel (character in Joyce’s Dubliners) 91

conscience, right of 157, 167

Corkery, Daniel, The Hidden Ireland 207

Cornish Heroic Song for Valda Trevlyn (MacDiarmid) 227–232

Cranly (character in Joyce’s Portrait) 117

Crawford, Robert 156

“creative joy” 2

Crewe Report 29–30, 36, 44–45

Criterion, The (publication) 198, 231

Cronin, Michael 50

Cruikshank, George 65n92

Cuchulain of Muirthemne (Gregory) 107–110, 113–114

cultural appropriation 94

cultural hybridity 47, 104, 171–172, 176, 236

Cultural Hybridity (Burke) 236

cultural nationalism 5, 10, 12, 94, 155, 196–197, 228see also nationalism

Cusack, Michael “Citizen” 114

“Cyclops” see Ulysses (Joyce)

Cymru Fydd (Young Wales) movement 43–44

Dante Alighieri 2n10

D’Arcy, Rev. Martin 182n148

Davie, George 197

Davies, Ceri 42–43

Dawson, Christopher 187–188

“Day of the Rabblement, The” (Joyce) 89

De Coelesti Hierarchia (Pseudo-Dionysius) 96

“Dead, The” (Joyce) 91

Dedalus, Stephen (character)

in A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man (Joyce) 31, 34–35

Saunders Lewis on 190n191

in Ulysses (Joyce) 35–36, 116–117, 120

Defence of Poesy (Sidney) 79

Deirdre (Ferguson) 61

Delphos: The Future of International Language (Pankhurst) 221–223

democratic intellectualism 196–197

Devane, Rev. R. S. 149

Dickens, Charles 65n92

Donoghue, Denis 88–89

Doric (language) 40, 198, 211–212see also Lallans

Dowden, Edward 244, 245–248

Doyle, Aidan 29n170

Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, A (MacDiarmid) 195, 212–214, 232

Dubliners (Joyce) 91n39

Dutt, Rajani Palme 224n171

Edwards, Owen Morgan 45

Edwards, Rev. Lewis 46

Eglinton, John (William Kirkpatrick Magee) 134

Electra (Sophocles) (Jebb trans.) 139

Elementary Education Acts (1870–1893) 198–199

Eliot, T. S.

on Gilbert Murray 133n66

and the Homer debate 100–101

and MacDiarmid 198, 231–232

on Ulysses (Joyce) 85–87, 88–89

Ellis, T. E. 43

Ellmann, Richard 98

“English Ascendancy in British Literature” (MacDiarmid) 198–200

English (language)

Basic English 200–201, 229

standardization of 200–204

study of 9–10, 198–199, 241–243, 244–248, 255–256

Report of the Consultative Committee on the Primary School (1931) 198–200see also Anglicization; Anglo-Irish; Anglo-Welsh; synthetic language

epithets, compound 79–82, 115–116

Erskine, Ruaraidh 37–39, 211

Ervine, St. John 202–205

ἔθνος/ethnicity 96–97

Euripides

Hippolytus 132–133

Jebb on 140

Nietzsche on 133n64

Evans, Geraint 169–170

Eve of Saint John, The (Lewis) 163

fascism 152, 172–173, 223–224

Ferguson, Sir Samuel 61

Congal 89–90n33

Deirdre 61

Fingal (Macpherson) (poem) 62

Flack, Leah 34, 113

folklore

and morality 21–24

translation into English 105–106

Yeats on 60, 65–68see also Cuchulain of Muirthemne (Gregory); Wanderings of Oisin, The (Yeats)

Formiginni, Angelo 97–98

Foster, Roy 2

Francis, John Oswald 162–163

Freeman, Edward Augustus 175

Freeman’s Journal (newspaper)

on Gregory’s Cuchulain 108–109

on Synge’s Playboy 91–92

on Yeats’ Oisin 71

Frogs (Aristophanes) 80–81

Fruit, Vegetable, and Fish Market (Dublin) 113

Furey, Michael (character in Joyce’s Dubliners) 91

Gaelic League 15–16, 20n113, 28see also Hyde, Douglas

Gaelic revival (Scotland) 36–41

Garborg, Arne 227

Odyssevskvædet 212

Gentle Shepherd, The (Ramsay) 211n104

George, William 168

Gilbert, Stuart 102n121

Gladstone, William 242

global/world language 221–224, 231see also interlanguage; Interlingua

Godley, Alfred Denis 25

Gogarty, Oliver St. John 117n211, 134, 151n172, 213

Goldhill, Simon 7

Goschen, George 241n30

Gosse, Edmund, letter from Yeats 97

“Greek kinship” 93n59

Green, John Richard 175

Greenwood, Emily 248–249

Gregory, Augusta, Lady 2, 22, 123–124, 143, 144

Cuchulain of Muirthemne 107–110, 113–114

Grieve, Christopher see MacDiarmid, Hugh

Grieve, Margaret (wife of MacDiarmid) 217

Grisewood, Harman 172–173

Groden, Michael 112

Guthlac, Saint 185–186

Hague, René 182n148, 187

Hall, Granville Stanley 127n27

Harding, Jason 248

Hardwick, Lorna 153

Harrison, Jane, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion 104–105

Hart, Matthew 197, 227, 228–229

Haverfield, Francis John, The Romanization of Roman Britain 176n105

Heaney, Seamus, The Burial at Thebes 153–156

‘Hellenic’ styles (nineteenth century) 73–77

Henebry, Richard 19n103, 67n107, 106

Herbert, Henry Howard Molyneux, 4th Earl of Caernarvon 241

Herder, Johann Gottfried 13

Hidden Ireland, The (Corkery) 207

Higgins, Geraldine 107

high modernism 255

Highet, Gilbert 256

Highlands Gaelic 38–41, 211

Hingley, Richard 177–178

Hippolytus, Euripides 132–133

Hitler, Adolf, Mein Kampf 172–173

Hodgkins, R. H., History of the Anglo-Saxons 174–176

Hölderlin, Friedrich 152

Homage to Sextus Propertius (Pound) 143

Home Rule

and Ireland 23–24, 98

and Scotland 210n92, 211

and Wales 43, 45–47

Homer 61–62, 63–65, 100–101see also Iliad; Odyssey

Homeric Ballads (Maginn) 63

Hopkins, Gerard Manley 181–182

Hulme, T. E. 136–137

Humphreys, Emyr, A Toy Epic 181n133

Hyde, Douglas 13, 16–19

and Anglicization 52

on Gregory’s Cuchulain 108n157

and Irish 17–19, 22–28

The Love Songs of Connaught 55

“The Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland” 49–51

on translation of Homer 106

Iliad (Homer)

Butler version 102–104

debate on authorship 100–101

Newman version 63–65

In Memoriam James Joyce, From a Vision of World Language (MacDiarmid) 231–232, 252–253

In Parenthesis (Jones) 168–169, 184, 192

In the Shadow of the Glen (Synge) 129

industrialism, and Wales 162–166

interlanguage 200–201, 221–223

Interlingua 222n162

international language 221–224, 231

Ireland

Anglicization 52, 52–55

“Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland, The” (address by Hyde) 49–51

censorship 91–92, 133, 148–151, 154

educational practices 16–19

Home Rule 20, 23–24, 98

national literature 3, 12–13, 32–33, 52, 106, 164

nationalism 98–99

Hyde 50

Joyce 94–97

Yeats 26, 83–84, 90, 153, 154

Irish Free State 148–150, 152

Irish (language) 17–33

Edwin Muir on 215

MacDiarmid on 206

translation into English 105–106see also Cuchulain of Muirthemne (Gregory)

Irish Literary Revival 2–5, 10–12, 13–16, 32–34, 95, 125, 126, 163

Dowden on 246

MacDiarmid on 206, 207–208

Irish Literary Theatre, James Joyce 48

“Is there an Anglo-Welsh Literature?” (Lewis) 164–165

Jacobsen, Jakob, The Dialect and Place Names of Shetland 219–20n149

James, C. L. R. 235

Jebb, Richard

translation of Electra 139

translation of The Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles 135, 138–148

John Ferguson (Ervine) 202n44

Johnson, Lionel Pigot 71–72

Jones, David

early life and education 11, 170–172, 182–184, 194

and fascism 172–173

In Parenthesis 168–169, 184, 192

and Romanization of Wales 173–181

and Saunders Lewis 168–170

The Anathemata 46–47, 159–160, 183, 184–190, 192–194, 250–252, 254

“Angle-Land” 185–188

and Welsh (language) 159–160, 170–172

Jones, H. R. 46

Jones, J. E. 168

Jones, James (father of David Jones) 171

Joyce, James 85–122

and the Abbey Theatre 92–93

and classical languages 10–11, 31, 101–102, 119

and David Jones 190, 191–192, 193–194

on Gregory’s Cuchulain of Muirthemne 109–110

on the Irish Literary Theatre 48

on John Millington Synge 93

and MacDiarmid 227–228

on meeting Yeats 89

and revivalism 14, 34–36

and Saunders Lewis 190–191

works

Chamber Music 89

Dubliners 91n39

L’Irlanda alla Sbarra 98

A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man 35–36

“The Day of the Rabblement” 89

“The Dead” 91

Trieste lectures 93–97

Ulysses 101, 250

“Cyclops” 98, 99, 101–105, 112–115, 117–122

Eliot review of 85–87

“Sirens” 99

“Telemachus” 115–117

Keats, John 6–7

Kenner, Hugh 100, 101, 102, 192, 254

Kenny, P. D. 92

Kiberd, Declan 12

King Oedipus (trans. and production by Yeats) 125–126, 131–153

Kutzinski, Vera 88

Lallans 38–41, 210

and A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle (MacDiarmid)

and Yeats 216see also Doric; Scottish languages

Landsmål movement 212

Lane, Hugh 123

Lang, Andrew, version of the Odyssey 101, 102–104, 113

language/language movements

Basic English 200–201, 229

Celtic 10

Doric 40, 198, 211–212see also Lallans

interlanguage 200–201, 221–223

Interlingua 222n162

Scottish 36, 37, 38–41, 210–212

Wardour Street 103, 111, 112–114, 120

world 221–224, 231see also English (language); Irish; synthetic language; Welsh

Laoidh Oisín air Thír na n-Óg (trans. by Comyn) 69–70

“Latin mist” 131–132, 147

Laws in Wales Acts 158

Lay of Oisin on the Land of Youths (trans. by O’Looney) 69

Lays of the Western Gael, And Other Poems (Ferguson) 61

Lenin, V. I. 197

Lewis, Margaret 168–169

Lewis, Saunders 46–47, 160–170

and David Jones 168–170, 188–89n180, 189n185

and fascism 173

“Is There an Anglo-Welsh Literature?” 164–165

and James Joyce 190–191

The Eve of Saint John 163

“The Three” (y Tri) trial 157–159, 167–169

Lewis, Wilfred 158

Licensing Act (1737) 130n46

L’Irlanda alla Sbarra (Joyce) 98

Livingstone, R. W. 128

Lloyd George, David 28

and Cymru Fydd 43

Llyˆn Peninsula incident 157–158, 167–169

Logue, Michael 20

Longenbach, James 148

Love Songs of Connaught, The (Hyde) 55

Lowell, James Russell, on Prometheus Unbound (Shelley) 80

Lucky Poet (MacDiarmid) 232–233

Lyall, Scott 226

MacCormick, John MacDonald 217–218

MacDiarmid, Hugh (Christopher Grieve) 252–255

on anglicization of Scotland 209

biography and education 11, 225–227, 233, 252

and a “Celtic USSR” 223n168

“the Classics” defined 206–207

and communism 224–225

debate with Edwin Muir 216–217

on English 205–206

and global idiom 197–198

on the Irish Literary Revival 206, 207–208

on Joyce 227–228, 231–232, 252–253

move to Whalsay (Shetlands) 219–220, 229–230, 233

and the National Party 217–218

proposal to T. S. Eliot 198

synthetic language 40–41, 212, 19–221, 231, 232–235, 252

“The Watergaw” 212

and Voice of Scotland, The (periodical) 232

works

A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle 195, 212–214, 232

Cornish Heroic Song for Valda Trevlyn 227–232

Mature Art 231

“English Ascendancy in British Literature” 198–200

In Memoriam James Joyce 231–232, 252–253

Lucky Poet (memoir) 232–233

Penny Wheep 212

Sangschaw 212

To Circumjack Cencrastus 195–196, 198

MacDowall, John Kevan 218

Macintosh, Fiona 90, 155

Dying Acts 3–5

Mackail, J. W., Latin Literature 166–167

MacKenna, Stephen 11n57

Macpherson, James 62–63

Magee, William Kirkpatrick (John Eglinton) 134

Maginn, William 89–90n33

Homeric Ballads 63, 64–65

Mahaffy, John Pentland 16, 19–20, 24–28, 204, 244–245

Mangan, James Clarence 97n88

“Prince Aldfrid’s Itinerary Through Ireland” 112–113

markets, Fruit, Vegetable, and Fish Market (Dublin) 113

Masqueray, Paul, translation Oedipe-Roi 145

Mathews, P. J. 24, 27

Mattingly, David 177, 178

Mature Art (MacDiarmid) 231

McCormack, W. J. 99

McCourt, John 95

McGuire, James 145

Meade, Joseph 113

Medlar Novelists 226–27n179

Mein Kampf (Hitler) 172–173

Melchiori, Giorgio 98

Merry, William Walter 242n36

Meyer, Kuno 32

mirror image, in Ulysses (Joyce) 116–117

mistranslation, and Joyce 34–35, 87–88, 101, 105, 115–122

Monck, Walter Nugent 135, 143

Moore, George 123, 136

Moore, N. F. 211n104

“moral uplift” 124, 127

morality 127–128

and folklore 21–24

“moral uplift” 124, 127

and Oedipus Rex (Sophocles) 131, 142

and teaching Irish 21see also censorship

Moran, D. P. 95, 114

Morley, Henry 243–244

Morris, William, The Odyssey of Homer Done into English Verse 74, 110

Morrison, Conall 154

Mosley, Oswald 223–224

Muir, Edwin 213–217

Mulligan, Malachi “Buck” (character in Joyce’s Ulysses) 35–36, 115–117

Murray, Gilbert 132–134, 142, 143, 255

translation of Oedipus, King of Thebes 146

Myres, J. N. L. 160, 178–180

“myriad-mindedness” 233–234

“Myth of Demeter and Persephone, The” (Pater) (essays) 77

mythical method 85–89

Napier, Arthur Sampson 242n38

Nash, John 248

national literatures 10, 13–14

Ireland 52, 54, 106

and Yeats on 3, 12–13, 32–33, 164

Scotland 215

Wales 42, 162

National Party (Scotland) 197, 209–210, 217–218

nationalism 4–5, 47, 172, 230, 236, 243

Irish 98–99

and Hyde 50

and Joyce 94–97

and Yeats 26, 83–84, 90, 153, 154

Scottish 37–41, 209–210

Welsh 45–47see also cultural nationalism

“Nationality and Literature” (Yeats) 55–56

Nazism 172–173

“Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland, The” (Hyde) 49–51

Nennius, Historia Brittonum 161, 184–185

neoromantic movement 55, 83, 250

neologisms

and David Jones 188

and Joyce 115

and MacDiarmid 233

and Shelley 78

and Yeats 107

Newbolt, Henry, The Teaching of English in England (Newbolt Report) 9

Newman, Francis, Iliad 63–65

Niamh (in Yeats’ Oisin) 75–76, 78–79, 81

Nietzsche, Friedrich 7n38

The Birth of Tragedy 133n64, 136

“No Second Troy” (Yeats) 33n197, 89

non-translation 87–88

Notre Dame, University of, production of Oedipus Rex (Sophocles) 130–131

Nutt, Alfred Trübner 22, 32, 67

obscenity 22, 55n34

O’Connor, Laura 51

O’Donovan, John 112n188

O’Duffy, Eoin 152

Odyssey (Homer) 119

Butcher/Lang version 101, 102–104

Butler version 102–104

debate on authorship 100–101

Odyssey of Homer Done into English Verse, The (Morris) 74, 110

Odyssevskvædet (Garborg) 212

Oedipe-Roi (trans. by Masqueray) 145

Oedipus at Colonus (trans. by Yeats) 154

Oedipus, King of Thebes (trans. by Murray) 146

Oedipus Rex (Sophocles) 125, 131

University of Notre Dame production 130–131

Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles, The (Jebb and Verrall) 135, 138–148

Ogden, C. K. 200–202

O’Grady, Standish James 90

O’Higgins, Kevin 149

O’Looney, Bryan, translation of Lay of Oisin on the Land of Youths 69

On Baile’s Strand (Yeats) 90

On the Living Language of the Greeks (Blackie) 196

“On the Modern Element in Literature” (Arnold) 56–57

“On Not Knowing Greek” (Woolf) 237–239

O’Shea, Edward 135n72

Ossian 56n37, 62–63

Paget, Richard, Babel, or The Past, Present, and Future of Human Speech 203–204

Palmer, D. J. 242

Pankhurst, E. Sylvia, Delphos: The Future of International Language 221–223

parataxis 74–75, 81

Parnell, Charles Stewart 96

Pater, Clara 237

Pater, Walter, “The Myth of Demeter and Persephone” (essays) 77

Patmore, Coventry 73

Paulin, Tom 154, 155

Peano, Giuseppe 222n162

Pearse, Pádraic 13

Penny Wheep (MacDiarmid) 212

Plaid Cymru (Welsh political party) 46, 168, 170, 180

Playboy of the Western World, The (Synge) 91–93

Plumptre, Edward Hayes 141–142

Plutarch, Moralia 21

Polyphemus (in Homer’s Odyssey) 119

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, A (Joyce) 34–35

Stephen Dedalus 31

Pound, Ezra 136, 137–138

Homage to Sextus Propertius 143

on Joyce’s ‘Sirens’ 99

on MacDiarmid moving to Whalsay 219

on “No Second Troy” (Yeats) 89, 137

on Yeats’ version of Oedipus 126

Power, Charles Stewart 137n87

“Prince Aldfrid’s Itinerary Through Ireland” (Mangan) 112–113

privatives, use of 77–79

Prolegomena ad Homerum (Wolf) 62

Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion (Harrison) 104–105

Prometheus Unbound (Shelley) 68–69, 77–82

Protestantism

and Scotland 39see also Catholic Church

Pseudo-Dionysius, De Coelesti Hierarchia 96

Punishment of Incest Act (1908) 142n120

Purser, Louis 16

Puttenham, George, The Arte of English Poesy 79

Quarterly Review, and Morris’ Odyssey 110

Quiller-Couch, Arthur 242n38

Raleigh, Sir Walter (1861–1922) 242n38

Ramsay, Allan, The Gentle Shepherd 211n104

Ramsay, Anna A. W., Challenge to the Highlander 40

repetition of questions 148

Report of the Consultative Committee on the Primary School (1931) 198–200

Reports of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of Education in Wales (1848) 20–21n114

Rex 2 144–145

Richards, I. A. 200–202

Richardson, Edmund 8–9n46

Riders to the Sea (Synge) 93

Robinson, Lennox 2n9

Roman Britain 159, 160–162, 173–181

Romanitas 47, 251, 252

Romanticism 59, 68, 79, 136–137

Russell, George William (Æ) 13–14, 216n135

on Anna Livia Plurabelle (Joyce) 229

on Cuchulain of Muirthemne (Gregory) 111

Ryan, W. P. 109

Rynd, Rev. Rex 137n87, 143

Sangschaw (MacDiarmid) 212

Schwartzman, Myron 118

Scotland

Anglicization 209

Gaelic revival 36–41

Home Rule 210n92, 211

national literatures 215

National Party 197, 209–210, 217–218

Protestantism 39see also Scottish languages

Scottish Gaelic see Scottish languages

Scottish languages 36, 37–41, 210–212see also Doric; Lallans

Senn, Fritz 121

service and aversion, rites of 104–105

Shakespear, Olivia 152

Shaw, George Bernard

letter from St. John Ervine 202n44

Shelley, Percy Bysshe 66–67

Prometheus Unbound 68–69, 77–82

Sidney, Sir Philip, Defence of Poesy 79

“Sirens” see Ulysses (Joyce)

Smith, G. Gregory 212

social meaning 12, 30–31, 240–243

Sohrab and Rustum (Arnold) 73–75

Sophocles 139–142

Antigone 153–156

and Irish nationalism 153

Oedipus Rex 125

Oedipus Tyrannus 151

Storr on 143

sprung rhythm 181

Stanford, W. B. 27

Ireland and the Classical Tradition 3

Stenton, F. M. 179–180

Storr, Francis 143, 146

Stray, Christopher 8–9, 133, 240–241

Sword of Light, The (An Claidheamh Soluis) 15–16

Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius 179

Synge, John Millington 1–2, 67, 125

on Cuchulain of Muirthemne (Gregory) 111–112

“Greek kinship” 93n59

In the Shadow of the Glen 129

Riders to the Sea 93

The Playboy of the Western World 91–93

and Yeats 137

synthetic language, MacDiarmid 40–41, 212, 19–221, 231, 232–235, 252

Taylor, James Monroe 127

Temora (Macpherson) (poem) 62

Thackeray, W. M. 140

Theatre Regulation Act (1843) 130n46

“The Three” (y Tri) trial 157–159, 167–169

To Circumjack Cencrastus (MacDiarmid) 195–196, 198

Todhunter, John 71

translation

authentic 239–240see also mistranslation

Trembling of the Veil, The (Yeats) 82

Trench, Dermot Chenevix 18n99

Trevlyn, Valda 218see also Cornish Heroic Song for Valda Trevlyn (MacDiarmid)

Trinity College, Dublin

1899 education commission 16–17

classical studies 29

and English literary studies 244

on the study of Irish 24–27

and W. B. Yeats 7n41

Tuam Herald (newspaper), on Cuchulain of Muirthemne (Gregory) 111

Tucker, Herbert 69

Turck, Fenton Benedict 124, 126–127

Turner, Frank 127–128

two plane style 86

Tylor, E. B. 190n188

Tyrrell, Robert Yelverton 16

Tytler, Alexander Fraser, Lord Woodhouselee 211n104

Ulysses (Joyce) 34, 48, 101, 250

“Cyclops” 98, 99, 101–105, 112–115, 117–122

Eliot review of 85–87

influence on MacDiarmid 212

“Sirens” 99

“Telemachus” 115–117

“Ulysses, Order, and Myth” (Eliot) 85

“Uplift our State” 151

Valentine, Lewis 46

“The Three” (y Tri) trial 157–159, 167–169

Venuti, Lawrence 125–126, 256

Verrall, A. W., translation of The Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles 135, 138–148

Villiers, Edward Hyde, 5th Earl of Clarendon 130

Villis, Tom 172

Voice of Scotland, The (periodical) 232

Wade-Evans, A. W. 46, 160–162

Wales 41–47, 162–166

and Anglicization 42–43, 166, 174

Home Rule 43, 45–47

Laws in Wales Acts 158

Plaid Cymru (Welsh political party) 46, 168, 170, 180

and the Roman Empire 159, 160–162, 173–181

Young Wales (Cymru Fydd) movement 43–44see also Welsh (language)

Wanderings of Oisin, The (Yeats) 55, 69–84

Wardour Street 103, 111, 112–114, 120

“Watergaw, The” (MacDiarmid) 212

Watson, Sir William 76, 205

Weaver, Harriet Shaw 85–86, 99

Welsh Courts Act (1942) 168

Welsh (language) 165–167

and David Jones 159–160, 170–172see also Anathemata, The

and Gerard Manley Hopkins 181–182

and “The Three” (y Tri) trial 157–159, 167–169

“West-Britonism” 53

Whalsay (Shetlands), and MacDiarmid 219–220, 229–230, 233

Wilde, Oscar

on John Pentland Mahaffy 16n87

review of Odyssey (Morris) 110

review of Oisin (Yeats) 71, 75

Williams, D. J. 157–159, 167–169

“wine-dark sea” epithet 115–116

Wolf, Friedrich August 100

Prolegomena ad Homerum 61–62

Wolf, Nicholas 51

Woolf, Virginia, “On Not Knowing Greek” 237–239

world/global language 221–224, 231see also interlanguage; Interlingua

worm-hole image 111–112

Worman, Nancy 239

Wreck of the Deutschland, The (Hopkins) 181–182

Yao, Steven 87, 142

Yeats, John Butler 6, 7–8

and the Irish language 26, 32–33

Yeats, W. B.

and the Abbey Theatre 92–93, 137

and Anglicization 249–250

and artistic freedom 128–131, 150

early life and classical education 5–6, 7–8, 10, 132

and folklore 60, 65–68

on Gregory’s Cuchulain of Muirthemne 107–109

on Hyde 53–55

and John Millington Synge 1–2, 93, 129, 137

and Joyce 89, 97

and the Lallans movement 216

literary development 57–60

and a national literature 12–13, 105

and nationalism 26, 83–84, 89–90, 153

New York trip on the Lusitania 123–124

on the Odyssey (Morris) 110

on Prometheus Unbound (Shelley) 68–69

and Trinity College 7n41

use of classics in work 33–34

works

“A Woman Homer Sung” 33n195, 89

King Oedipus 125–126, 131–153

“Nationality and Literature” 55–56

“No Second Troy” 33n197, 89

Oedipus at Colonus 154

Reveries Over Childhood and Youth 10

The Trembling of the Veil 82

The Wanderings of Oisin 55, 69–84

Yellow Book of Lecan, The 22n123

Young, Douglas 254–255

Young Wales (Cymru Fydd) movement 43–44

Book contents

Index

Summary

Index