When it comes to legal disputes, the people's rights all rely upon the defense. Since to date the knowledge of law has not been widely shared, it is inevitable that honest people suffer injustice, cunning people get away with sharp tongue, magistrates try cases without getting to the truth, and the people's rights are not protected. Even if lawyers are hired, they are often foreigners who know little about Chinese customs and mores. Besides, while it is easy to find foreign lawyers in commercial cities and metropolises, they are not readily available in the interior. … Shanghai is a place of commerce where people clustered and lawsuits abound. Having been trained in law or served in the judicial system, we have [legal] knowledge and experience. Indignant that the foreign concessions have extraterritoriality, while our nation's sovereignty is incomplete, and that foreigners monopolized the lawsuits between the Chinese and foreigners, we plan to organize in the Shanghai area a lawyer's association of the Chinese Republic to protect the people's rights and to spread the spirit of the rule of law throughout the country.