This chapter reviews the theoretical and research literature on self-, public, and structural stigma and stigma’s impact on mental health for the largest ethnic minority groups in the United States: African Americans, Latinx, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. None of these ethnic minority groups receives mental health treatment commensurate with treatment need. Research documents that stigma deters minority mental health help seeking, especially for Asian and African Americans. Limited research suggests that pubic and structural stigma may interfere more with access to high-quality care and success in community functioning, although suitably formulated hypotheses remain to be tested. As researchers move beyond ethnic categorization for studying stigma disparity’s role, they must better specify cultural differences explaining minority-White disparities in stigma. They must also further explain stigma disparities in comprehensive models that explain how stigma disparities explain disparities in minority help seeking. Findings can inform culturally attuned anti-stigma interventions and public health messages to reach ethnic minority communities and guide outreach by trusted actors and institutions seeking to break down stigma’s barriers, recruit more minority persons into care, and provide a welcoming environment for successful community living.