Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T14:51:13.281Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Sources Consulted

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2017

S. Elizabeth Bird
Affiliation:
University of South Florida
Fraser M. Ottanelli
Affiliation:
University of South Florida
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Asaba Massacre
Trauma, Memory, and the Nigerian Civil War
, pp. 218 - 231
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources

Achebe, Chinua, Home and Exile, New York: Random House, 2000.Google Scholar
Aka, Philip C., “The Need for Effective Policy on Ethnic Reconciliation,” in Udogu, E. Ike, ed., Nigeria in the Twenty-First Century, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2005, 4167.Google Scholar
Alexander, Jeffrey C., “Toward a Theory of Cultural Trauma,” in Alexander, Jeffrey C., Eyeran, Ron, Giesen, Bernhard, Smelser, Neil J., and Sztompka, Piotr, eds., Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2004, 130.Google Scholar
Alexander, Philip, “A Tale of Two Smiths: The Transformation of Commonwealth Policy, 1964–70,” Contemporary British History, 20:3, 2006, 303321.Google Scholar
Akinyemi, A.B., “The British Press and the Nigerian Civil War,” African Affairs, 71:285, 1972, 408426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amoba, Mohibi, “Background to the Conflict,” in Okpaku, Joseph, ed., Nigeria, Dilemma of Nationhood. An African Analysis of the Biafran Conflict, Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1972, 1475.Google Scholar
Anthony, Douglas, Poison and Medicine: Ethnicity, Power and Violence in a Nigerian City, 1966–1986, Oxford: James Currey, 2003.Google Scholar
Anthony, Douglas, “‘Resourceful and Progressive Blackmen,’: Modernity And Race in Biafra, 1967–70,” Journal of African History, 51, 2010, 4161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asiegbu, Johnson U.J., Nigeria and Its British Invaders, 1851–1920: A Thematic Documentary History, New York/Lagos: Nok Publishers, 1984.Google Scholar
Assmann, Jan, “Collective Memory and Cultural Identity,” New German Critique, 65, 1995, 125133.Google Scholar
Azikiwe, Ifeoha, Asagba Prof. Joseph Chike Edozien: His Thoughts, Words, Vision, Bloomington, IN: Authorhouse, 2015.Google Scholar
Baker, Pauline, “Lurching toward Unity,” The Wilson Quarterly, 4, 1980, 7080.Google Scholar
Bartrop, Paul, “The Relationship between War and Genocide in the Twentieth Century: A Consideration,” Journal of Genocide Research, 4, 2002, 519532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, S. Elizabeth, “Seeking the Audience for News: Response, News Talk, and Everyday Practices,” in Nightingale, Virginia, ed., Handbook of Audience Studies, New York: Blackwell, 2011, 489508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blank, Gary, “Britain, Biafra and the Balance of Payments: The Formation of London’s ‘One Nigeria’ Policy,” Revue Francais de Civilisation Britannique, 2013, 18:2, 6686.Google Scholar
Campbell, David, “Cultural Governance and Pictorial Resistance: Reflections on the Imaging of War,” Review of International Studies, 29, 2003, 5773.Google Scholar
Cookman, Claude, “Gilles Caron’s Coverage of the Crisis in Biafra,” Visual Communication Quarterly, 15, 2008, 226242.Google Scholar
Church Missionary Society, “Letter from Diocese of Benin,” CMS Historical Record, 1968, 1.Google Scholar
Clark, Janine N., “Reconciliation through Remembrance? War Memorials and the Victims of Vukovar,” The International Journal of Transitional Justice, 7, 2013, 116135.Google Scholar
Cole, Elizabeth A., and Barsalou, Judy, “Unite or Divide: The Challenges of Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Violent Conflict,” United States Institute of Peace, Special Report 163, June 2006.Google Scholar
Collier, Paul, Hoeffler, Anke, and Rohner, Dominic, Beyond Greed and Grievance: Feasibilityand Civil War, Centre for the Study of African Economies, Working Paper Series 2006–2010.Google Scholar
Collis, Robert, Nigeria in Conflict, London: Secker and Warburg, 1970.Google Scholar
Cronje, Suzanne, The World and Nigeria: The Diplomatic History of the Biafran War 1967–1970, London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1972.Google Scholar
Curtis, Mark, Unpeople: Britain’s Secret Human Rights Abuses, London: Vintage, 2004.Google Scholar
Das, Veena, Life and Words: Violence and the Descent into the Ordinary, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Davies, Patrick Ediomi, “Use of Propaganda in Civil War: The Biafra Experience,” doctoral thesis, Department of International Relations, London School of Economics and Political Science, June 1995.Google Scholar
Davis, Morris, Interpreters for Nigeria: The Third World and International Public Relations, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1977.Google Scholar
de Jong, Ferdinand, and Rowlands, Michael, Reclaiming Heritage: Alternative Imaginaries of Memory in West Africa. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Jorre, JohnSt., The Brothers’ War: Biafra and Nigeria, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972.Google Scholar
Doron, Roy, “Forging a Nation while Losing a Country: Igbo Nationalism, Ethnicity and Propaganda in the Nigerian Civil War 1968–1970,” Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, August 2011.Google Scholar
Doron, Roy, “Marketing Genocide: Biafran Propaganda Strategies during the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–70,” Journal of Genocide Research, 2014, 16:2–3, 227246.Google Scholar
Drinot, Paulo, “Website of Memory: The War of the Pacific (1879–84) in the Global Age of YouTube,” Memory Studies, 4:4, 2011, 371.Google Scholar
Ejiogu, E.C., “On Biafra: Subverting Imposed Code of Silence,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 48, 2013, 741751.Google Scholar
Ekwelie, Sylvanus A., “The Nigeria Press under Military Rule,” International Communication Gazette, 25, 1979, 219232.Google Scholar
Erikson, Kai T., Everything in Its Path: Destruction of Community in the Buffalo Creek Flood, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1976.Google Scholar
Falola, Toyin, ed., Igbo History and Society: The Essays of Adiele Afigbo, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Falola, Toyin, and Heaton, Matthew M., A History of Nigeria, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrándiz, Francisco, “The Return of Civil War Ghosts: The Ethnography of Exhumations in Contemporary Spain,” Anthropology Today, 22:3, 2006, 712.Google Scholar
Forsyth, Frederick, The Making of an African Legend: The Biafra Story, London: Penguin, 1969.Google Scholar
Forsyth, Frederick, The Outsider: My Life in Intrigue, London: Putnam, 2015.Google Scholar
Giles, Wenona, and Hyndman, Jennifer, eds., Sites of Violence: Gender and Conflict Zones, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Gould, Michael, The Biafran War: The Struggle for Modern Nigeria, New York: I.B. Tauris, 2012.Google Scholar
Govier, Trudy, Taking Wrongs Seriously: Acknowledgment, Reconciliation and the Politics of Sustainable Peace, Amherst, NY: Humanity Books, 2006.Google Scholar
Harneit-Sievers, Axel, Ahazuem, Jones O., and Emezue, Sydney, A Social History of the Nigerian Civil War: Perspectives from Below, Hamburg: Lit Verlag, Hamburg, 1997.Google Scholar
Harrison, Paul, and Palmer, Robin, News out of Africa: Biafra to Band Aid, London: Hilary Shipman, 1986.Google Scholar
Hatch, John, Nigeria: A History, London: Secker and Warburg, 1970.Google Scholar
Henry, Nicola, War and Rape: Law, Memory and Justice, London: Routledge, 2011.Google Scholar
Heerten, Lasse, and Moses, A. Dirk, “The Nigeria–Biafra War: Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide,” Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2–3, 169203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hetherington, Penelope, British Paternalism and Africa, 1920–1940, London: F. Cass, 1978.Google Scholar
Hinton, Alexander Laban, Transitional Justice: Global Mechanisms and Local Realities after Genocide and Mass Violence, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Hirsch, Herbert, Genocide and the Politics of Memory, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Hodgkin, Katharine, and Radstone, Susannah, “Introduction: Rethinking Memory,” History Workshop Journal, 59, 2005, 129133.Google Scholar
Hoffman, Eva, “The Long Afterlife of Loss,” in Radstone, Susannah and Schwarz, Bill, eds., Memory: Histories, Theories, Debates, New York: Fordham University Press, 2010, 406415.Google Scholar
Hopwood, Julian, “We Can’t Be Sure Who Killed Us: Memory and Memorialization in Post-Conflict Northern Uganda,” International Center for Transitional Justice: Justice and Reconciliation Project, 2011.Google Scholar
Hynes, Michelle, and Lopes-Cardozo, Barbara, “Observations from the CDC: Sexual Violence against Refugee Women,” Journal of Women’s Health and Gender-based Medicine, 9:8, 2000, 819823.Google Scholar
Ikuomola, Adediran Daniel, “The Nigerian Civil War of 1967 and the Stigmatisation of Children Born of Rape Victims in Edo State,” in Branch, Raphaelle and Virgili, Fabrice, eds., Writing the History of Rape in Wartime, London: Palgrave McMillan, 2012, 169183.Google Scholar
Inal, Tuba, Looting and Rape in Wartime: Law and Change in International Relations, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Irwin-Zarecka, Iwona, Frames of Remembrance: The Dynamics of Collective Memory, New York: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Isichei, Elizabeth, “Historical Change in an Ibo Polity: Asaba to 1885,” Journal of African History, 10, 1969, 421438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isichei, Patrick A.C., “Ex-Seminarian Ignatius Bamah in Asaba (c. 1900–67),” in Isichei, Elizabeth, ed., Varieties of Christian Experience in Nigeria, London: MacMillan, 1982, 177188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iweze, Daniel Olisa, “Post-CivilWar Intergroup Relations: The Western Igbo and Non-Igbo Groups in the Midwest State,” in Koreih, Chima and Ezeonu, Ifeanyi, eds., Remembering Biafra: Narrative, History, and Memory of the Nigeria-Biafra War, Glassboro, NJ: Goldline and Jacobs, 2010, 170184.Google Scholar
Kantowicz, Edward R., Coming Apart, Coming Together: The World in the 20th Century, Vol. 2, New York: Eerdmans, 1999.Google Scholar
Kansteiner, Wulf, “Finding Meaning in Memory: A Methodological Critique of Collective Memory Studies,” History and Theory, 41, 2002, 179197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keil, Charles, “The Price of Nigerian Victory,” Africa Today, 17:1, 1970, 13.Google Scholar
Kimmerle, Erin H., “Forensic Anthropology: A Human Rights Approach,” in Langley, Natalie R. and Tersigni-Tarrant, MariaTeresa A., eds., Forensic Anthropology: An Introduction, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012, 424438.Google Scholar
Kirk-Greene, Anthony H.M., Crisis and Conflict in Nigeria: A Documentary Sourcebook, 1966–1970 (2 Vols.), London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Korieh, Chima J., ed., The Nigeria-Biafra War: Genocide and the Politics of Memory, Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Lugard, Frederick J.D., The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa, London: William Blackwood, 1922.Google Scholar
Mibenge, Chiseche Salome, Sex and International Tribunals: The Erasure of Gender from the War Narrative, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Minow, Martha M., Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History after Genocide and Mass Violence, Boston: Beacon Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Mishra, Jyotsna, Women and Human Rights, New Delhi: Kalpaz, 2000.Google Scholar
Momoh, H.B., The Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970: History and Reminiscences, Ibadan: Sam Bookman Publishers, 2000.Google Scholar
Murphy, Karen and Gallagher, Tony, “Reconstruction after Violence: How Teachers and Schools Can Deal with the Legacy of the Past,” Perspectives in Education, 27:2, 2009, 158168.Google Scholar
Ndili, Augustine N., Guide to the Customs, Traditions and Beliefs of Asaba People, Asaba: His Bride Publications, 2010.Google Scholar
Niven, Rex, The War of Nigerian Unity, Towata, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1970.Google Scholar
Nora, Pierre, “Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire,” Representations, 26, 1989, 724.Google Scholar
Norris, Bill, “Media Ethics at the Sharp End,” in Berry, David, ed. Ethics and Media Culture: Practices and Representations, Oxford: Focal Press, 2000, 325338.Google Scholar
Nwogu, Nneoma V., Shaping Truth, Reshaping Justice: Sectarian Politics and the Nigerian Truth Commission, New York: Lexington, 2007.Google Scholar
Obiezu, Emeka X., “Memorialization and the Politics of Memory,” in Korieh, Chima J., ed., The Nigeria-Biafra War: Genocide and the Politics of Memory, Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2012, 187208.Google Scholar
O’Connell, James, “The Ending of the Nigerian Civil War: Victory, Defeat, and the Changing of Coalitions,” in Licklider, Roy, ed., Stopping the Killing: How Civil Wars End, New York: New York University Press, 1993, 189203.Google Scholar
Odoemene, Akachi, “Remember to Forget: The Nigeria-Biafra War, History, and the Politics of Memory,” in Korieh, Chima J., ed., The Nigeria-Biafra War: Genocide and the Politics of Memory, Amherst NY: Cambria Press, 2012, 163186.Google Scholar
Ohadike, Don. C., Anioma: A Social History of the Western Igbo People, Athens: Ohio University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Okafor, Stanley I., “The Nigerian Army and the ‘Liberation’ of Asaba: A Personal Narrative,” in Eghosa, E., Osaghae, E., Onwudiwe, R., and Suberu, R., eds., The Nigerian Civil War and Its Aftermath, Ibadan, Nigeria: John Archers, 2002, 293299.Google Scholar
Okocha, Akunwata S.O., The Making of Asaba: A Compendium of over Sixty-Five Years of Patient Research within and without Africa, Rupee-Com Publishers, Asaba, 2013.Google Scholar
Okocha, Emma, Blood on the Niger, New York: Triatlantic Books (2nd Ed.), 1994.Google Scholar
Okonkwo, and Okolie, , Isheagu and the Nigerian Civil War, 1966–1970, printed in Lagos, no date.Google Scholar
Okonta, Ike, “Biafra of the Mind: MASSOB and the Mobilization of History,” Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2–3, 2014, 355378.Google Scholar
Okpaku, Joseph, Nigeria: Dilemma of Nationhood, Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1972.Google Scholar
Okpoko, A. Ikechukwu and Okpoko, Pat Uche, Tourism in Nigeria, Nsukka: Afro-Orbis Publications, 2002.Google Scholar
Omaka, Arua Oko, “The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967–1970,” Journal of Retracing Africa, 1:1, 2014, 2540.Google Scholar
Omoigui, Nowamagbe A., “Benin and the Midwest Referendum of 1963,” online at: http://www.waado.org/nigerdelta/ethnichistories/egharevbalectures/Fifth-Omoigui.htmGoogle Scholar
Omoigui, Nowamagbe A., “The Midwest Invasion of 1967: Lessons for Today’s Geopolitics,” online at: http://www.dawodu.net/midwest.htmGoogle Scholar
Orobator, Stanley E., “The Biafran Crisis and the Midwest,” African Affairs, 86:344, 1987, 367383.Google Scholar
Osia, Kunirum, “Anioma People Of The Delta,” http://www.anioma.org/Google Scholar
O’Sullivan, Kevin, “Humanitarian Encounters: Biafra, NGOs and Imaginings of the Third World in Britain and Ireland, 1967–70,” Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2–3, 2014, 299315.Google Scholar
Owen, Olly, “The New Biafrans: Historical Imagination and Structural Conflict in Nigeria’s Separatist Revival,” paper presented March 8, 2016, in Changing Character of War series, Pembroke College, University of Oxford, accessible at: http://www.ccw.ox.ac.uk/news/2016/4/11/the-new-biafrans-discussing-discontent.Google Scholar
Oyinbo, John, Nigeria: Crisis and Beyond, London: Charles Knight, 1971.Google Scholar
Paxton, Robert O., Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, 1940–1944, New York: Knopf, 1972.Google Scholar
Pentzold, Christian, “Fixing the Floating Gap: The Online Encyclopaedia Wikipedia as a Global Memory Place,” Memory Studies, 2:2, 2009, 255272.Google Scholar
Perham, Margery, “Reflections on the Nigerian Civil War,” International Affairs, 46, 1970, 231–46.Google Scholar
Peters, Jimi, The Nigerian Military and the State, New York: Tauris Academic Studies, 1997.Google Scholar
Phillips, Kendall R., and Reyes, G. Mitchell, eds., Global Memoryscapes: Contesting Remembrance in a Transnational Age. Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Portelli, Alessandro Portelli, “What Makes Oral History Different?” in Perks, Robert and Thomson, Alistair, eds., The Oral History Reader, London: Routledge, 2016 (1979), 4858.Google Scholar
Radstone, Susannah, “Reconceiving Binaries: The Limits of Memory,” History Workshop Journal, 59, 2005, 135150.Google Scholar
Ross, Fiona C., “On Having Voice and Being Heard: Some After-Effects of Testifying before the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission,” Anthropological Theory, 3:3, 2003, 325341.Google Scholar
Schudson, Michael, “Lives, Laws, and Language: Commemorative versus Non-Commemorative Forms of Effective Public Memory,” The Communication Review, 2:1, 1997, 317.Google Scholar
Simola, Raisa, “Time and Identity: The Legacy of Biafra to the Igbo in Diaspora,” Nordic Journal of African Studies, 9:1, 2000, 98117.Google Scholar
Smith, Daniel J., “Burials and Belonging in Nigeria: Rural-Urban Relations and Social Inequality in a Contemporary African Ritual,” American Anthropologist, 106, 2004, 569579.Google Scholar
Smith, Daniel J., “Legacies of Biafra: Marriage, ‘Home People’ and Reproduction among the Igbo of Nigeria,” Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 75:1, 2005, 3045.Google Scholar
Smith, Karen E., “The UK and ‘Genocide’ in Biafra,” Journal of Genocide Research, 6:2–3, 2014, 247262.Google Scholar
Stremlau, John J., The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Till, Karen E., “Memory studies,” History Workshop Journal, 62, 2006, 325341.Google Scholar
Thomson, Alistair, “Four Paradigm Transformations in Oral History,” Oral History Review, 34:1, 2007, 4970.Google Scholar
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph, Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History, New York: Beacon Press, 1995, 26.Google Scholar
Uche, Chibuike, “Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War,” Journal of African History, 49, 2008, 111135.Google Scholar
Uchendu, Egodi, Women and Conflict in the Nigerian Civil War. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Uchendu, Egodi, “The Growth of Anioma Cities,” in Falola, Toyin and Salm, Steven J., eds., Nigerian Cities, Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 2004, 153182.Google Scholar
Uchendu, Victor Chikezie, “Ezi na ulo: The Extended Family in Igbo Civilization,” Dialectical Anthropology, 31:1–3, 2007, 167219.Google Scholar
Ukiwo, Ukoha, “Violence, Identity Mobilization and the Reimagining of Biafra,” Africa Development, 34:1, 2009, 930.Google Scholar
Vaux, H., “Intelligence Report on the Asaba Clan, Asaba Division,” File No. 30927, Class Mark CSO 2614, Nigerian National Archive, Ibadan.Google Scholar
Young, John W., The Labour Governments 1964–1970, Vol. 2, International Policy, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Yusuf, Hakeem O., “Travails of Truth: Achieving Justice for Victims of Impunity in Nigeria,” The International Journal of Transitional Justice, 1, 2007.Google Scholar
Zandberg, Eyal, “The Right to Tell the (Right) Story: Journalism, Authority and Memory,” Media Culture Society, 32:1, 2010, 524.Google Scholar
Zelizer, Barbie, Covering the Body: The Kennedy Assassination, the Media, and the Shaping of Collective Memory, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Zelizer, Barbie, “Why Memory’s Work on Journalism does not Reflect Journalism’s Work on Memory,” Memory Studies, 1:1, 2008, 7987.Google Scholar
Achebe, Chinua, There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra. New York: Penguin, 2012.Google Scholar
Achuzia, Joe O.G., Requiem Biafra, Asaba: Alcel Concerns, 2002 (2nd ed.).Google Scholar
Akpan, Ntieyong U. The Struggle for Secession 1966–1970: A Personal Account of the Nigerian Civil War, London: Cass, 1972.Google Scholar
Alabi-Isama, Godwin, The Tragedy of Victory: On the Spot Account of the Nigeria-Biafra War in the Atlantic Theatre, Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2013.Google Scholar
Alli, M. Chris, The Federal Republic of Nigerian Army: The Siege of a Nation, Lagos, Nigeria: Malthouse Press, 2000Google Scholar
Idahosa, Patrick E., Truth and Tragedy: A Fighting Man’s Memoir of the Nigerian Civil War, Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria), 1989.Google Scholar
Isichei-Isamah, Celestina, They Died in Vain, London: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011.Google Scholar
Obasanjo, Olusegun, My Command: An Account of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970, London: Heinemann, 1980.Google Scholar
Oyewole, Fola, Reluctant Rebel, London: Rex Collings, 1975.Google Scholar
Soyinka, Wole, The Man Died: Prison Notes. London: Rex Collings, 1972.Google Scholar
Uwechue, Raph, Reflections on the Nigerian Civil War, New York: Africana Publishing Corporation, 1971.Google Scholar
Uzokwe, Alfred Obiora, Surviving in Biafra: The Story of the Nigerian Civil War, New York: Writers Advantage, 2003.Google Scholar
Abasiekong, Dan, “How to Bring the Ibos Back into Our Fold,” Daily Sketch (Nigeria), Oct. 7, 1967, 5.Google Scholar
Azuh, Kingsley, “Nduka Eze: A Life Dedicated to Selfless Public Service,” ThisDay, Oct. 2, 2016: http://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/10/02/nduka-eze-a-life-dedicated-to-selfless-public-service/.Google Scholar
Bamgbose, Sina, “Ojukwu Captured?” Daily Sketch, Oct. 13, 1967, 1 and back page.Google Scholar
Barnes, John, “Nigeria: A Time for Slaughter,” Newsweek, July 31, 1967, 3839.Google Scholar
Commonwealth Staff, “Inquiry Urged into Nigerian ‘Atrocities,’” The Guardian, Nov. 8, 1967, 5.Google Scholar
Daily Sketch (Nigeria), “The March on Asaba Bridge,” Oct. 9, 1967, 1.Google Scholar
Daily Sketch, Oct. 6, Untitled, 1.Google Scholar
Daily Sketch, “Ojukwu’s World of Fantasy,” Oct. 11, 1967, 1.Google Scholar
Daily Sketch, “Rebel Army Mutiny,” Oct. 12, 1967, 1.Google Scholar
Daily Sketch (Nigeria), “Asaba and Ika People Accept New Identity,” July 24, 1967, 3.Google Scholar
Daily Sketch, “The Ibos Miscalculated in Seceding – Says American Newspaper,” Oct. 6, 1967, 3.Google Scholar
Daily Sketch, “Ibos Were Victims of Ojukwu Propaganda, Says UK Paper,” Oct. 7, 1967, 2.Google Scholar
Daily Sketch, “Ibo Blindness Killed Peace Moves: Italian Paper,” Oct.13, 1967, 7.Google Scholar
Daily Sketch, “Now No More Ika Ibo – By Order,” Oct. 27, 1967, 8.Google Scholar
Friendly, Alfred Jr.City Shows Scars of the Nigerian War,” New York Times, Sept. 26, 1967, 1; 3.Google Scholar
Friendly, Alfred Jr. “Battle Continues for Nigerian City,” New York Times, 1967, Oct. 13: 1.Google Scholar
Garrison, Lloyd, “300 Ibo Tribesmen Killed by Troops and Nigerian Mob,” New York Times, Oct. 2, 1966, 1;17.Google Scholar
Garrison, Lloyd, “Nigeria Totters on the Brink,” New York Times, Oct. 9, 1966, E3.Google Scholar
Garrison, Lloyd, “Biafran War Refugees Describe How Nigerians Killed Villagers,” Toronto Globe and Mail (New York Times News Service), July 21, 1967, 8.Google Scholar
Garrison, Lloyd, “Biafrans Accept Risk of Defeat,” The Times (from New York Times), Aug. 3, 1968, 3.Google Scholar
Griot, ,” “Roundabout, the View from the Bridge, Asaba,” West Africa, Oct. 21, 1967, no. 2629, 1355.Google Scholar
Guardian (London), “Compromise – or Ruin for Both in Nigeria,” Nov. 10, 1967, 10.Google Scholar
Legum, Colin, “How 700 Ibos Were Killed by Mistake,” The Observer, Jan. 21, 1968, 21.Google Scholar
Mounter, Julian, “No Evidence of Genocide in Nigeria,” The Times, July 21, 1969, 5.Google Scholar
Newsweek, “Nigeria: Setting Sun,” Oct. 9, 1967, 4142.Google Scholar
Norris, William, “War across the Niger,” The Times, Oct. 24, 1967, 14.Google Scholar
Norris, William, “Biafrans’ Ordeal by Air Attack,” The Times, April 25, 1968, 8.Google Scholar
Nwobu, Lawrence Chinedu Nwobu, “Remembering Murtala Muhammed: The Butcher of Asaba,” Feb. 19, 2009, online at http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/forum/articles-comments/29729-remembering-murtala-muhammed-butcher-asaba-2.html.Google Scholar
Nwosu, Philip, “I’m Pro-Biafra – Soyinka,” The Sun (Nigeria), July 15, 2016, http://sunnewsonline.com/im-pro-biafra-soyinka/.Google Scholar
Obioha, McLord, “Why FGN Used Hunger against Ibos: Interview with Anthony Enahoro,” The Nigerian and Africa, March 1998, 910; 13.Google Scholar
O’Brien, Conor Cruise, “A Condemned People,” The New York Review of Books, Dec. 21, 1967, 1421.Google Scholar
Ogwuda, Austin, “Gowon Faults Setting Up of Oputa Panel,” Vanguard News, Dec. 09, 2002, available online at: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Naija-news/conversations/topics/2517.Google Scholar
Ojeifo, Sufuyan, and Ughegbe, Lemmy, “No Regrets for the Asaba Massacre of Igbo –Haruna,” The Vanguard, Oct. 10, 2001, http://www.nigeriamasterweb.com/nmwpg1HarunaIgboMassacre.htmlGoogle Scholar
Osifo, Iredia, “Five Rebel Spies Held in Asaba,” Daily Times (Nigeria), Nov. 17, 1967, 1.Google Scholar
Schwarz, Walter, “Why Nigeria’s War Splits Hawks and Doves in Whitehall,” The Observer, Aug, 27, 1967, 4.Google Scholar
Shepherd, Jack, “Memo from Nigeria: Old Headaches for our New President,” Look, 26, Nov. 1968, 74.Google Scholar
The Times, “Execution of Nigerian Officer Filmed,” Sept. 4, 1968, 1.Google Scholar
Time, “Drums of Defeat,” 90:14, Oct. 6, 1967, 70.Google Scholar
Uzodinma, Emmanuel, “You Have Made Nnamdi Kanu a Hero, Igbo Youth Movement Tells Buhari,” Daily Post, July 12, 2016, http://dailypost.ng/2016/07/12/you-have-made-nnamdi-kanu-a-hero-igbo-youth-movement-tells-buhari/.Google Scholar
Vanguard, , “Confusion, as MASSOB Disowns Radio Biafra Boss, Nnamdi Kanu,” The Vanguard, Oct.19, 2015, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/10/confusion-as-massob-disowns-radio-biafra-boss-nnamdi-kanu/.Google Scholar
Wolfers, Michael, “Nigerian Troops Close in on Ibo Heartland,” The Times, Aug. 30, 1968, 3.Google Scholar
Wolfers, Michael, “Nigeria Observers Find no Evidence of Genocide,” The Times, Oct. 4, 1968, 8.Google Scholar
Zeitlin, Arnold (Associated Press), “8,000 Ibo Tribesmen to Lack Food,” Gettysburg Times, Dec. 10, 1968, 12.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×