Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Abbreviations
- Dedication
- Preface
- A Change in Posture
- Acid-Base
- Action Potentials
- Adrenal Cortex I
- Adrenal Cortex II – Clinical Disorders
- Adrenal Medulla
- Arterial Pressure
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Carbon Dioxide Transport
- Cardiac Cycle
- Cardiac Output (CO)
- Cell Signalling
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Cerebral Blood Flow
- Colon
- Control of Ventilation
- Coronary Circulation
- Fetal Circulation
- Glomerular Filtration and Renal Clearance
- Immobilization
- Liver
- Mechanics of Breathing I – Ventilation
- Mechanics of Breathing II – Respiratory Cycle
- Mechanics of Breathing III – Compliance and Elastance
- Mechanics of Breathing IV – Airway Resistance
- Microcirculation I
- Microcirculation II
- Micturition
- Motor Control
- Muscle I – Skeletal and Smooth Muscle
- Muscle II – Cardiac Muscle
- Nutrition: Basic Concepts
- Pancreas I – Endocrine Functions
- Pancreas II – Exocrine Functions
- Potassium Balance
- Proximal Tubule and Loop of Henle
- Pulmonary Blood Flow
- Renal Blood Flow (RBF)
- Respiratory Function Tests
- Small Intestine
- Sodium Balance
- Sodium and Water Balance
- Starvation
- Stomach I
- Stomach II – Applied Physiology
- Swallowing
- Synapses I – The Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
- Synapses II – Muscarinic Pharmacology
- Synapses III – Nicotinic Pharmacology
- Thyroid Gland
- Valsalva Manoeuvre
- Venous Pressure
- Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships
Micturition
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 January 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Abbreviations
- Dedication
- Preface
- A Change in Posture
- Acid-Base
- Action Potentials
- Adrenal Cortex I
- Adrenal Cortex II – Clinical Disorders
- Adrenal Medulla
- Arterial Pressure
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Carbon Dioxide Transport
- Cardiac Cycle
- Cardiac Output (CO)
- Cell Signalling
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Cerebral Blood Flow
- Colon
- Control of Ventilation
- Coronary Circulation
- Fetal Circulation
- Glomerular Filtration and Renal Clearance
- Immobilization
- Liver
- Mechanics of Breathing I – Ventilation
- Mechanics of Breathing II – Respiratory Cycle
- Mechanics of Breathing III – Compliance and Elastance
- Mechanics of Breathing IV – Airway Resistance
- Microcirculation I
- Microcirculation II
- Micturition
- Motor Control
- Muscle I – Skeletal and Smooth Muscle
- Muscle II – Cardiac Muscle
- Nutrition: Basic Concepts
- Pancreas I – Endocrine Functions
- Pancreas II – Exocrine Functions
- Potassium Balance
- Proximal Tubule and Loop of Henle
- Pulmonary Blood Flow
- Renal Blood Flow (RBF)
- Respiratory Function Tests
- Small Intestine
- Sodium Balance
- Sodium and Water Balance
- Starvation
- Stomach I
- Stomach II – Applied Physiology
- Swallowing
- Synapses I – The Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
- Synapses II – Muscarinic Pharmacology
- Synapses III – Nicotinic Pharmacology
- Thyroid Gland
- Valsalva Manoeuvre
- Venous Pressure
- Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships
Summary
1. What are the functions of the bladder?
Collection and low pressure storage of urine
Expulsion of urine at an appropriate time and place
Aids in preventing organisms from ascending to the upper urinary tract
2. Outline the innervation of the bladder.
PNS: the bladder's detrusor muscle has a rich parasympathetic supply that causes contraction. These nerves run from spinal segments S2, 3 and 4. It also causes sphincter relaxation
SNS: these travel with the hypogastric nerves from L1, 2 and 3. Leads to α1 mediated contraction of the sphincter and β2 mediated relaxation of the detrusor
These nerves combine to form a plexus at the base of the bladder
3. How is the bladder's sphincteric mechanism arranged in the male?
In males, there are two distinctive systems:
Bladder neck mechanism: this is proximally placed. This not only provides urinary continence, but also prevents retrograde ejaculation
Distal sphincter mechanism: this is a urethra-based system that lies at the apex of the prostate gland. This is able to maintain continence even in the face of injury to the bladder neck mechanism
4. How does this arrangement differ from that of the female?
Bladder neck mechanism: in females, this system is poorly defined and may even be incompetent in the nulliparous
Distal sphincter mechanism: this is relatively more important in females. It is longer than the male counterpart, extending along two-thirds of the urethra
5. At what bladder volume is the first urge to micturate felt?
150ml. At 400ml, there is a marked sense of fullness.
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- Information
- Applied Surgical Physiology Vivas , pp. 89 - 91Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2004