Recent debate over fundamental tax reform has centered on consumption taxes. Proposals for thoroughgoing tax reform involving mending of the income tax have been much less in evidence. For example, the U.S. Treasury's proposal for a “Comprehensive Business Income Tax” (see Hubbard, Chapter 4 in this volume) has not generated much interest. Discussion of the relative merits of competing consumption tax proposals has centered on four alternatives: a national retail sales tax, the flat tax, the Unlimited Savings Allowance tax (USA Tax), and the value-added tax. Former chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee Bill Archer has expressed a desire to “tear out the income tax by its roots,” replacing it with a national retail sales tax (a tax on all final sales to consumers). The organization Americans for Fair Taxation (AFT) is the staunchest supporter of a broad-based single-stage national retail sales tax to replace personal and corporate income taxes and Social Security taxes. House Majority Leader Dick Armey is as ardent a supporter of the Hall-Rubushka flat tax as can be found anywhere. The Nunn-Domenici tax on consumption (USA Tax) is the only live proposal for a direct cash flow tax on consumption, but support for the proposal has been largely confined to academic economists. This alternative, along with the AFT proposal for a national retail sales tax, completely defers tax on all income saved, and could allow consumption taxes on low-income households to go to virtually zero.