Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T12:25:36.869Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 1 - The Natural History of Epilepsy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 August 2020

John M. Stern
Affiliation:
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
Raman Sankar
Affiliation:
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
Michael Sperling
Affiliation:
Jefferson Hospital for Neurosciences, Philadelphia, PA
Get access

Summary

Understanding the natural course of epilepsy influences the advice given to patients, the treatment strategies and the timing of referral for surgery-based treatments. As such, it is integral to clinical care. The natural course of epilepsy at population level also has important implications for understanding the underlying neurobiology and for developing means for epilepsy prevention, new treatments and allocation of healthcare resources.

Type
Chapter
Information
Medication-Resistant Epilepsy
Diagnosis and Treatment
, pp. 1 - 13
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Placencia, M, Sander, JWAS, Roman, M, et al. The characteristics of epilepsy in a largely untreated population in rural Ecuador. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994:320325CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, WZ, Wu, JZ, Wang, DS, et al. The prevalence and treatment gap in epilepsy in China: an ILAE/IBE/WHO study. Neurology 2003;60:15441545Google Scholar
Nicoletti, A, Sofia, V, Vitale, G, et al. Natural history and mortality of chronic epilepsy in an untreated population of rural Bolivia: a follow-up after 10 years. Epilepsia 2009;50:21992206Google Scholar
Beghi, E, Giussani, G, Sander, JW. The natural history and prognosis of epilepsy. Epileptic Disord 2015;17:245253Google Scholar
Beghi, E, Hesdorffer, D. Prevalence of epilepsy- an unknown quantity. Epilepsia 2014;55:963967Google Scholar
Annegers, JF, Hauser, WA, Elverback, LR. Remission of seizures and relapse in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 1979;20:729737CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feksi, AT, Kaamugisha, J, Sander, JWAS, Gatiti, S, Shorvon, SD. Comprehensive primary health care antiepileptic drug treatment programme in rural and semi-urban Kenya. ICBERG (International Community-based Epilepsy Research Group). Lancet 1991;337:406409CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cockerell, OC, Johnson, AL, Sander, JW, Shorvon, SD. Prognosis of epilepsy: a review and further analysis of the first nine years of the British National General Practice Study of Epilepsy, a prospective population-based study. Epilpesia 1997;38:3146Google Scholar
Bell, GS, Neligan, A, Giavasi, C, et al. Outcome of seizures in the general population after 25 years: a prospective follow-up, observational cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016;87(8):843850Google Scholar
Kwan, P, Brodie, MJ. Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2000;342:314319Google Scholar
Chen, Z, Brodie, MJ, Liew, D, Kwan, P. Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy treated with established and new antiepileptic drugs: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study. JAMA Neurol 2018;75:279286Google Scholar
Mohanraj, R, Brodie, MJ. Diagnosing refractory epilepsy: response to sequential treatment schedules. Eur J Neurol 2006;13:277282Google Scholar
Brodie, MJ, Barry, SJE, Bamagous, G, Norrie, JD, Kwan, P. Patterns of treatment response in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Neurology 2012;78:15481554CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sillanpää, M, Schmidt, D. Natural history of treated childhood-onset epilepsy: prospective, long-term population-based study. Brain 2006;129:617624Google Scholar
Sillanpää, M, Anttinen, A, Rinne, JO, et al. Childhood-onset epilepsy five decades later. A prospective population-based cohort study. Epilepsia 2015;56:17741783Google Scholar
Berg, AT, Rychlik, K. The course of childhood-onset epilepsy over the first two decades: a prospective, longitudinal study. Epilepsia 2015;56:4048CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geerts, A, Arts, WF, Stroink, H, et al. Course and outcome of childhood epilepsy: a 15-year follow-up of the Dutch Study of Epilepsy in Childhood. Epilepsia 2010;51:11891197CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berg, AT, Kelly, MM. Defining intractability: comparisons among published definitions. Epilepsia 2006;47:431436Google Scholar
Kwan, P, Arzimanoglou, A, Berg, AT, et al. Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies. Epilepsia 2010;51:10691077Google Scholar
Picot, MC, Baldy-Moulinier, M, Daures, JP, Dujols, P, Crespel, A. The prevalence of epilepsy and pharmacoresistant epilepsy in adults: a population-based study in a Western European country. Epilepsia 2008;49:12301238CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berg, AT, Vickrey, BG, Testa, FM, et al. How long does it take for epilepsy to become intractable?: a prospective investigation. Ann Neurol 2006;60:7379CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geerts, A, Brouwer, O, Stoink, H, et al. Onset of intractability and its course over time: the Dutch study of epilepsy in childhood. Epilepsia 2012;53:741751Google Scholar
Berg, AT, Langfitt, J, Shinnar, S, et al. How long does it take for partial epilepsy to become intractable? Neurology 2003;60:186190Google Scholar
Schiller, Y. Seizure relapse and development of drug resistance following long-term seizure remission. Arch Neurol 2009;66:12331239Google Scholar
Neligan, A, Bell, GS, Sander, JW, Shorvon, SD. How refractory is refractory epilepsy?: patterns of relapse and remission in people with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2011;96:225230Google Scholar
Hitiris, N, Mohanraj, R, Norrie, J, Sills, GJ, Brodie, MJ. Predictors of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2007;75:192196CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wirrell, EC. Predicting pharmacoresistance in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsia 2013;54(suppl. S2):1922CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semah, F, Picot, MC, Adam, C, et al. Is the underlying cause of epilepsy a major prognostic factor for recurrence? Neurology 1998;51:12561262Google Scholar
Sillanpää, M, Schmidt, D. Predicting antiepileptic drug response in children with epilepsy. Expert Rev Neurother 2011;11:877886Google Scholar
Brorson, LO, Wranne, L. Long term prognosis in childhood epilepsy: survival and seizure prognosis. Epilepsia 1987;28:324330Google Scholar
Kanner, AM. Is depression associated with an increased risk of treatment-resistant epilepsy?: research strategies to investigate this question. Epilepsy Behav 2014;38:37Google Scholar
MacDonald, BK, Johnson, AL, Goodridge, DM, et al. Factors predicting prognosis of epilepsy after presentation with seizures. Ann Neurol 2000;48:833841Google Scholar
Mohanraj, R, Brodie, MJ. Early predictors of outcome in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Seizure 2013;22:333344Google Scholar
Dlugos, DJ, Sammel, MD, Strom, BL, Farrar, JT. Response to first drug trial predicts outcome in childhood temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology 2001;57:22592264Google Scholar
Camfield, PR, Camfield, CS, Gordon, K, Dooley, JM. If a first antiepileptic drug fails to control a child’s epilepsy, what are the chances of success with the next drug? J Pediatr 1997;131:821824Google Scholar
Bonnett, LJ, Smith, CT, Donegan, S, Marson, AG. Treatment outcome after failure of a first antiepileptic drug. Neurology 2014;83:552560Google Scholar
Luciano, AL, Shorvon, SD. Results of treatment changes in patients with apparently drug-resistant chronic epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2007:62: 375381Google Scholar
Callaghan, B, Schlesinger, M, Rodemer, W, et al. Remission and relapse in a drug-resistant epilepsy population followed prospectively. Epilepsia 2011;93:115119Google Scholar
Choi, H, Heiman, GA, Munger, CH, et al. Seizure remission in adults with long-standing intractable epilepsy: an extended follow-up. Epilepsy Res 2011;93:115119CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berg, AT, Levy, SR, Testa, FM, D’Souza, R. Remission of epilepsy after two drug failures in children: a prospective study. Ann Neurol 2009;65:510597Google Scholar
Wirrell, EC, Song-Kisiel, LCL, Mandrekar, J, Nickels, KC. What predicts enduring intractability in children who appear medically intractable in the first 2 years after diagnosis? Epilepsia 2013;54:10561064CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choi, H, Hayat, MJ, Zhang, R, et al. Drug-resistant epilepsy in adults: outcome trajectories after failure of two medications. Epilepsia 2016;57(7):11521160Google Scholar
Novy, J, Belluzzo, M, Caboclo, LO, et al. The lifelong course of chronic epilepsy: the Chalfont experience. Brain 2013;136:31873199Google Scholar
Nevalainen, O, Ansakorpi, H, Simola, M, et al. Epilepsy-related clinical characteristics and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 2014;83:110Google Scholar
Forsgren, L, Hauser, WA, Olafsson, E, et al. Mortality of epilepsy in developed countries: a review. Epilepsia 2005;46(suppl. 11):1827Google Scholar
Neligan, A, Bell, GS, Johnson, AL, et al. The long-term risk of premature mortality in people with epilepsy. Brain 2011;134:388395Google Scholar
Hitiris, N, Mohanraj, R, Norrie, J, Brodie, MJ. Mortality in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2007;10:363376Google Scholar
Keezer, MR, Bell, GS, Neligan, A, Novy, J, Sander, JW. Cause of death and predictors of mortality in a community-based cohort of people with epilepsy. Neurology 2016;86:19CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fazel, S, Wolf, A, Langstrom, N, Newton, CR, Lichtenstein, P. Premature mortality in epilepsy and the role of psychiatric comorbidity: a total population study. Lancet 2013;382(9905):16461654Google Scholar
Devinsky, O, Spruill, T, Thurman, D, Friedman, D. Recognizing and preventing epilepsy-related mortality: a call for action. Neurology 2016;86:779786Google Scholar
Sillanpää, M, Shinnar, S. Long-term mortality in childhood-onset epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2010;363:25222529Google Scholar
Berg, AT, Nickels, K, Wirrell, C, et al. Mortality risks in new-onset childhood epilepsy. Pediatrics 2013;132:124131CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mohanraj, R, Norrie, J, Stephen, L, et al. Mortality in adults with newly diagnosed and chronic epilepsy: a retrospective comparative study. Lancet Neurol 2006;5:481487Google Scholar
Nevalainen, O, Auvinen, A, Ansakorpi, H, et al. Mortality by clinical characteristics in a tertiary care cohort of adult patients with chronic epilepsy. Epilepsia 2012;53:e212e214Google Scholar
Callagahn, B, Choi, H, Schesigner, M, et al. Increased mortality persists in an adult drug-resistant epilepsy prevalent cohort. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014;85:10841090CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sperling, MR, Barshow, S, Nei, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA. A reappraisal of mortality after epilepsy surgery. Neurology 2016;86:19381944Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×