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If the elders who forced Hu Yaobang from office had retired from politics, Hu and Zhao Ziyang would have had time and space to deepen economic and political reforms, a scenario that would have reduced the chances of protests and violence in 1989. The two-child policy proposed by demographer Liang Zhongtang would have been less harsh than the one-child policy, but a cultural shift in sexual norms would have been necessary to prevent the traumas experienced by Chai Ling, Lu Decheng, and Wang Qiuping.
There were escalating sources of unhappiness and frustration during the 1980s in China, including anti-crime campaigns, crackdowns on student protests, the one-child policy, corruption, inflation, and an ossified political system characterized by old-man politics. These problems added up to a volatile situation in 1989.
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