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2 results

  • 6 - How to Beat Climate Change

  • from Part II - Strategies and Obstacles: The Solutions We Need, and What’s Preventing Them from Being Realized
  • Michael D. Bess, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    Planet in Peril
    Published online:
    13 October 2022
    Print publication:
    13 October 2022, pp 79-97

  • Summary

    The top priority in addressing climate change is to reduce net emissions of greenhouse gases to zero as swiftly as possible. Among the policy instruments for achieving this goal: carbon markets and carbon taxes; subsidies and incentives for energy conservation and for developing renewable energy technologies; building a new network of advanced nuclear reactors to provide carbon-free energy; imposing restraints on deforestation and planting large numbers of new trees; developing powerful new technologies for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere; incentivizing private citizens to reduce the carbon footprint of their lifestyles; and introducing new governmental policies for decarbonizing national economies. By combining all these strategies, humankind could realistically reach net zero emissions by the middle years of this century. From that point forward, it can start actively removing existing accumulations of carbon dioxide, eventually bringing global warming to a halt and reversing some of the damage that’s already been done.

  • Retrospective Analyses Are Hard: A Cautionary Tale from EPA’s Air Toxics Regulations

  • Art Fraas, Alex Egorenkov
  • Journal:
    Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis / Volume 9 / Issue 2 / Summer 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 August 2017, pp. 247-284
    • Article
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  • Under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was required to establish standards limiting air toxics emissions from industrial plants. This paper examines the effects of five of the largest-cost rules issued by EPA in the initial round of air toxics rulemaking over the 1995 to 2000 period. Our estimates suggest that plants in the printing and publishing and pulp and paper industries realized important reductions in their air toxics emissions in the period between publication of the final rule and the effective date for compliance with the rule – although the reduction in air toxics emissions by pulp and paper mills fell short of EPA’s ex ante projections. However, our estimates also suggest that plants in three other industries – petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, and wood furniture – achieved little or no additional reduction in air toxics emissions over the compliance period in response to EPA’s rules. Finally, the paper explores steps that EPA should take in setting up future retrospective analyses.