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Previous analyses of grey and white matter volumes have reported that schizophrenia is associated with structural changes. Deep learning is a data-driven approach that can capture highly compact hierarchical non-linear relationships among high-dimensional features, and therefore can facilitate the development of clinical tools for making a more accurate and earlier diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Aims
To identify consistent grey matter abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia, 662 people with schizophrenia and 613 healthy controls were recruited from eight centres across China, and the data from these independent sites were used to validate deep-learning classifiers.
Method
We used a prospective image-based meta-analysis of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry. We also automatically differentiated patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls using combined grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid volumetric features, incorporated a deep neural network approach on an individual basis, and tested the generalisability of the classification models using independent validation sites.
Results
We found that statistically reliable schizophrenia-related grey matter abnormalities primarily occurred in regions that included the superior temporal gyrus extending to the temporal pole, insular cortex, orbital and middle frontal cortices, middle cingulum and thalamus. Evaluated using leave-one-site-out cross-validation, the performance of the classification of schizophrenia achieved by our findings from eight independent research sites were: accuracy, 77.19–85.74%; sensitivity, 75.31–89.29% and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.797–0.909.
Conclusions
These results suggest that, by using deep-learning techniques, multidimensional neuroanatomical changes in schizophrenia are capable of robustly discriminating patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls, findings which could facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment in schizophrenia.
Identifying risk factors and mortality of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) could have important implications for the clinical management of AD.
Objective:
This pilot study aimed to examine the overall mortality of AD patients over a 10-year surveillance period in Shanghai, China. This study is an extension of our previous investigation on mortality of neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods:
One hundred and thirty-two AD patients recruited from the memory clinics of two hospitals in Shanghai in 2007 were followed up until December 31, 2017 or death, representing a follow-up period of up to 10 years. Overall standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated, and predictors for survival at recruitment were estimated.
Results:
Sixty-seven patients had died by December 31, 2017, and the SMR at 10 years of follow-up was 1.225 (95% confidence interval 0.944–1.563). Employing Cox’s proportional hazard modeling, lower Mini-Mental State Examination score, and comorbid diabetes predicted poor survival in this cohort.
Conclusion:
This pilot study suggests a similar survival trend of patients with AD compared to the general population in Shanghai urban region. Poor cognitive status and comorbid diabetes had a negative impact on the survival of AD patients.
Underground Nuclear Astrophysics in China (JUNA) will take the advantage of the ultra-low background in Jinping underground lab. High current accelerator with an ECR source and detectors were commissioned. JUNA plans to study directly a number of nuclear reactions important to hydrostatic stellar evolution at their relevant stellar energies. At the first period, JUNA aims at the direct measurements of 25Mg(p,γ)26 Al, 19F(p,α) 16 O, 13C(α, n) 16O and 12C(α,γ) 16O near the Gamow window. The current progress of JUNA will be given.
The long-term outcome of never-treated patients with schizophrenia is
unclear.
Aims
To compare the 14-year outcomes of never-treated and treated patients
with schizophrenia and to establish predictors for never being
treated.
Method
All participants with schizophrenia (n = 510) in Xinjin,
Chengdu, China were identified in an epidemiological investigation of 123
572 people and followed up from 1994 to 2008.
Results
The results showed that there were 30.6%, 25.0% and 20.4% of patients who
received no antipsychotic medication in 1994, 2004 and 2008 respectively.
Compared with treated patients, those who were never treated in 2008 were
significantly older, had significantly fewer family members, had higher
rates of homelessness, death from other causes, being unmarried, living
alone, being without a caregiver and poor family attitudes. Partial and
complete remission in treated patients (57.3%) was significantly higher
than that in the never-treated group (29.8%). Predictors of being in the
never-treated group in 2008 encompassed baseline never-treated status,
being without a caregiver and poor mental health status in 1994.
Conclusions
Many patients with schizophrenia still do not receive antipsychotic
medication in rural areas of China. The 14-year follow-up showed that
outcomes for the untreated group were worse. Community-based mental
healthcare, health insurance and family intervention are crucial for
earlier diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation in the community.
Few studies have explored the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Evidence from non-Western areas is particularly lacking. In the present study, we aimed to examine the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of GDM in a Chinese population. A total of 3063 pregnant Chinese women from an ongoing prospective cohort study were included. Data on dietary intake were collected using a FFQ at 24–27 weeks of gestation. GDM was diagnosed using a 75 g, 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary patterns were determined by principal components factor analysis. A log-binomial regression model was used to examine the associations between dietary pattern and the risk of GDM. The analysis identified four dietary patterns: vegetable pattern; protein-rich pattern; prudent pattern; sweets and seafood pattern. Multivariate analysis showed that the highest tertile of the vegetable pattern was associated with a decreased risk of GDM (relative risk (RR) 0·79, 95 % CI 0·64, 0·97), compared with the lowest tertile, whereas the highest tertile of the sweets and seafood pattern was associated with an increased risk of GDM (RR 1·23, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·49). No significant association was found for either the protein-rich or the prudent pattern. The protective effect of a high vegetable pattern score was more evident among women who had a family history of diabetes (P for interaction = 0·022). These findings suggest that the vegetable pattern was associated with a decreased risk of GDM, while the sweets and seafood pattern was associated with an increased risk of GDM. These findings may be useful in dietary counselling during pregnancy.
Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) hierarchical spheres were synthesized successfully by a facile hydrothermal approach without any additive by using novel vanadium-based nanosheets as precursors. The results indicated that as-prepared BiVO4 samples have monoclinic structure with high crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the spheres were self-assembled by dozens of nanosheets with good dispersibility and uniform particle size. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic activities of the resulting BiVO4 were evaluated by photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation and exhibited enhanced catalytic efficiency. The excellent performance can be attributed to the high purity, the huge specific surface area, and the novel hierarchical structure. It was also found that the photodegradation of dye pollution is attributed to the oxidation process of the generated hydroxyl radicals and the action of ${\rm{h}}_{{\rm{vb}}}^{\rm{ + }}$ via direct hole oxidation.
The Chinese Astronomical Data Center (CAsDC) is a member of World Data System, hosted at National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(NAOC). The CAsDC keeps close collaboration with IVOA, WDS and CODATA. The whole set of LAMOST data, including raw data and data products, are hosted at the CAsDC. Data resources and services of the CAsDC are introduced.
A facile and cost-effective fabrication approach of active strain sensor based on individual ZnO micro/nanowire was demonstrated. By connecting a ZnO micro/nanowire along polar growth direction with two Ag electrodes on flexible polystyrene (PS) substrate, the fabricated strain sensor was obtained as a typical M-S-M structure. The I-V characteristic of the device was highly sensitive to the strain caused by the obvious change of Schottky barrier height (SBH). Furthermore, both of the symmetric and asymmetric changes of the SBH at the source and drain were observed during device testing process. The respective contribution of piezoresistance effect and the piezoelectric effect to the change of SBHs were also systematically investigated.
West Nile virus (WNV) infection is an emerging zoonosis that threatens global public health. In this study, a total of 95 bird serum samples from 14 species and 341 horse serum samples were collected from 2008 to 2010 in Shanghai, China. All serum samples were screened initially for WNV-reactive antibodies using a competitive ELISA. The positive samples detected by ELISA were further confirmed using a plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for WNV and its most closely related flaviviruses in the area to avoid false positives due to cross-reactivity. Five (5·3%) of the bird serum samples and none (0·0%) of the horse serum samples tested positive for WNV antibodies. The findings strongly suggest that some of the birds, specifically the resident birds in China, had been exposed to WNV.
Stability of the resistive wall mode in cylindrical plasmas confined by surface currents is investigated for the δ-function and step-function equilibrium surface-current profiles. For the former, it is shown that the perturbations oscillate and even decay for all locations of the initial perturbation. The entire system is stable and the plasma flow has little effect. For the step-function surface-current distribution, it is found that the thicker the surface current layer, the more stable is the system even if the largest initial perturbation is located on the rational surface, but the plasma flow also has little effect on the system.
We report the formation of wrinkle patterns on porous elastomeric membrane and their fabrication of hierarchical architectures through mechanical stretching and replica molding. The technique builds upon a buckling instability of a stiff layer supported by a porous elastomeric membrane which was induced by surface plasma oxidation of the pre-stretched porous elastomer followed by removal of the applied mechanical strain to form wrinkle patterns, and replica molding of the deformed features on the porous membrane into epoxy to form hierarchical architectures through casting the UV-curable epoxy prepolymer and UV curing. We find that due to the existence of micropores on the membrane, the formation of wrinkle patterns is different from that formed on a continuous elastomeric film, and by varying the applied mechanical stretching strain condition and plasma oxidation condition, the wrinkle patterns could be either confined by the micropores on the membrane to exhibit a wavelength equal to its pitch or form wrinkles with much large wavelength compared with that formed on a continuous elastomeric film. Therefore, the micropillar arrays fabricated by replica molding could stand on different types of wrinkle patterns to form different hierarchical architectures. The method we illustrate here offers a simple and cost-effective approach to fabricate various hierarchical structures, and provides possibilities for potential applications in various fields, such as microfluidics, micro- and nanofabrication of complex structures, crystal formation, cell attachment, superhydrophobicity and dry adhesion.
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