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4 results

  • Cerebrospinal Fluid IL-21 Levels in Neuromyelitis Optica and Multiple Sclerosis
  • Aimin Wu, Xiaonan Zhong, Honghao Wang, Wen Xu, Chen Cheng, Yongqiang Dai, Jian Bao, Wei Qiu, Zhengqi Lu, Xueqiang Hu
  • Journal: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 39 / Issue 6 / November 2012
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 December 2014, pp. 813-820
  • Print publication: November 2012
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  • View abstract
    Background:

    Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are inflammatory demyelinating diseases of human central nervous system (CNS) with complex pathogenesis. IL-21/IL-21R regulates activation, proliferation and survival of both T cells and B cells, which are involved in the pathogenesis of NMO and MS. High levels of serum IL-21 were observed in NMO patients. However, concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-21 in MS and NMO patients still remain unknown.

    Object:

    To detect the CSF concentration of IL-21 in NMO and MS patients and to evaluate its relationship with disease activity, particularly concerned about its impact on humoral immunity.

    Methods:

    CSF IL-21 was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in NMO patients (n=21), MS patients (n=20) and controls (n=16).

    Results:

    CSF concentration of the IL-21 was noticeably elevated in NMO (p=0.012) and borderline significantly increased in MS (p=0.115). In addition, this occurrence was associated with humoral immune activity as shown by a correlation between IL-21 and complement in NMO cohort (p=0.023) and high IL-21 levels in autoantibody-positive subgroup (p=0.027).

    Conclusions:

    The concentration of CSF IL-21 was noticeably elevated and might have a positive correlation with humoral immune activity in NMO.

  • Suspended Conductive Polymer Bridges From Ion Implanted Polymers
  • James Kaufmann, Mary G. Moss, Yongqiang Wang, Ryan E. Giedd
  • Journal: MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 396 / 1995
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 February 2011, 329
  • Print publication: 1995
  • View abstract

    Photolithographic processing capabilities of ion implanted polymer (IIP) films spin-coated onto silicon substrates were evaluated to determine the optimum conditions for producing stable, small geometry devices. Films which had a thickness approximately equivalent to or less than the mean range of ions in the polymer had good quality and stability, and could be patterned without change of conductivity to form small geometry resistors with dimensions of 10 to 50 micrometers. Sixteen-element, packaged resistor arrays were produced from ion implanted poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) films. High quality films with resistivities from 400 ohms/square to 10 megohms/square could be produced by the ion implantation technique. Suspended conducting polymer bridges were formed from IIP resistors by etching of a sacrificial layer underlying the IIP film. Electrical and mechanical properties of the bridges are presented.