In 1949 F. H. Pollicutt, in the course of a discussion on a paper presented by P. B. Walker to the Royal Aeronautical Society, reported fatigue test results which indicated that when the aluminium alloy conforming to specification D.T.D.364 was tested, under , axial loads, in the form of Z-sections, its fatigue properties were extremely low. Z-sections with unmachined surfaces and even Z-sections with completely machined surfaces failed after short endurances at stress ranges under which small polished round test pieces would not have failed even after hundreds of millions of cycles. Pollicutt, in discussing these low values, advised that great caution should be exercised in their interpretation, warning equally against an unqualified acceptance of the testing technique and a too facile acceptance of small polished round bar test results.

This paper examines the relationship between the number of occupied setts in a badger social group territory and badger group size, breeding success, and status of infection with Mycobacterium bovis (TB). The data used were from a long-term epidemiological and ecological study of a high-density population of badgers Meles meles in south-west England. The number of occupied setts in a social group was significantly and positively related to the number of badgers caught in the social group, so that as a social group increases in size, badgers occupy more of the available setts. This relationship remained significant when numbers of adults, adult males and adult females were examined. The number of breeding females, number of cubs and sex ratio was not related to the number of occupied setts in a social group. It is possible that the advantages to breeding females of a larger number of setts available to breed in might be outweighed by the increased aggression found in larger groups. The TB score for prevalence and for incidence of social groups was significantly and positively related to the number of occupied setts in a social group, such that the more occupied setts there were in a territory, the higher the TB index of the group. Possibly the setts themselves contribute to the persistence of TB within social groups, or badgers infected with TB might show a difference in behaviour from uninfected badgers resulting in their increased use of outlying setts.

In his admirable commentary, Jeffrey Henderson notes the significance of posture and of physical setting. He does not remark that the statue of Leaina near to which Lysistrata and Kalonike are standing on the Akropolis was intimately tied to the obscure story of the later years in the Athenian tyranny. With minor variations of detail or colour the story was that Leaina, a hetaira beloved of Harmodios or Aristogeiton, had been tortured by Hippias after the murder of Hipparchos but, brave girl, had preferred to die than say yes, or indeed say anything. She bit out her tongue. The Athenians set up a bronze lioness, the work of Amphikrates, to commemorate her martyrdom.

In 1951 the late N. M. Kontoleon carried out a small excavation beside the church of Agioi Anargyroi, some 200 yards west of the main square of modern Chios town. In the wall of an undated tomb linked physically but not chronologically with an also undated basilica he discovered an inscription which, with his usual generosity, he allowed W. G. F. to copy, squeeze, and photograph in 1952. Unfortunately Kontoleon did not find time to give more than a partial publication and brief discussion of the text before his death, but Th. Sarikakis has now published the whole with a commentary and this has been followed by the extensive and (as always) illuminating comments of J. and L. Robert and the fuller treatment of L. Moretti (see bibliography below). In view, however, of the importance of the document, we feel it may be useful to present a somewhat corrected version (the result of frequent contemplation by W.G.F. between 1952 and 1967 and a thorough re-examination by P.S.D. in 1979), along with some detailed commentary and arguments about its date and immediate context. We should like to thank A. P. Stephanou, the former director of the Archaeological Museum in Chios, for his constant patience and kindness, and his successor, Miss A. Zacharou, for more recent help. Both, we are sure, would approve our dedication of this note to the memory of Kontoleon.

The family of Peisistratos did not indulge in strikingly uncommon names but it is noteworthy that all but one of them also appear in Chios. Neleus or Neileus (e.g. c. 150a, SEG xvii 381 A 1.2), Hippokrates (c. 420a, RE s.n. 14), Hipparchos {s. Ia, BSA lxi [1966] 199 no. 3.15), Heges[istratos?] (e.g. s. IVa, NC xv [1915] 430), Peisistratos, Hippias and Thessalos (see below): only Iophon is certainly missing. Their occurrences cover many centuries and no long filiations can be established, nor is there any positive argument that they all belonged to the same family, but for the late fourth and third centuries there is a hint. Chian social units had a family-based molecular structure. A catalogue of one of them gives us about 70 names c. 300a with an average of two additions p.a. thereafter (BSA lv [i960] 181–7 = SEG xix 580). On it there is a Hippias of the later fourth (father of the named member) and a Thessalos of the later third century. At least one Hippias appears on coins of the later fourth (NC xv [ 1915] 430) and another (or the same) on a subscription list of the mid third as father of the subscriber (SEG xix 578.12). A Chian Peisistratos dedicated in Rhodes in the second century (IG xii.i 113), a Peisistratos son of Peisistratos made a patriotic subscription in the later third (BCH xxxvii [1913] no. 27. 18—19), a Chian Peisistratos, grandson of Peisistratos, is given proxenia at Delos in the mid third or a little earlier (IG xi.4 598), a Peisistratos put his name on coins belonging to the same chronological group as those of Hippias (NC xv[i9i5]430). That the Hippias-group and the Peisistratos-group were somehow related is put beyond doubt by the name which one fourth-century Hippias and one fourth-century Peisistratos gave to their sons.

Plasma prolactin has been estimated in 69 psychiatric in-patients receiving either thioridazine (20–300 mg./day) or chlorpromazine (50–200 mg./day) or other phenothiazines. A homologous radioimmuno-assay was used which depends on an antiserum to human amniotic prolactin. Prolactin levels were significantly increased in these patients compared with control patients, and were dose related. Simultaneous estimation of growth hormone revealed normal levels.

The average educated Greek, I am sure, knew the early history of Greece as well as the average educated European knows the history of modern Europe, and could no more separate Theopompos from the first Messenian War or put Pheidon after Kypselos than we can separate Wellington from Waterloo or make Frederick the Great follow Napoleon.

The professional historian, antiquarian, or chronographer would know much more, but could readily distort what he knew in trying to impose some theoretical pattern on the past. Where so many of our sources are theoretical (all the chronographers for example) and when they survive in fragments which are rarely substantial enough to show in detail the theory on which they worked, it is not easy to see through to the core of Greek belief on which they were based. But facts there were and in the main it was from them that the theorizing started.