Chronic exposure to damaging noise can lead to hearing loss . People suffering from hearing problems find it increasingly difficult to communicate and become withdrawn. This lack of contact can lead to the onset of anxiodepressive disorders .

To study the epidemiological and clinical particularities of hearing loss in patients with psychoaffective disorders.

To study the impact of this association on the medical aptitude for work.

Retrospective descriptive study of depressive patients with hearing loss who consulted the Occupational Medicine Department at Charles Nicolle Hospital over a six-year period from January 2016 to November 2022.

Out of 150 patients with hearing loss who consulted our service, 10 patients had an axio-dépressive disorder . Seven were men and three were women. The mean age was 43 ± 5 years and the mean job seniority was 11 years [3-20]. they belonged to the telecommunications (n=6), industry (n=2), printing(n=1), and transport sectors (n=1) . The job positions were : teleconsultant (n=6), operator machine (n=3) and driver (n=1)  the symptoms presented by the patients were hearing loss (n=4), otalgia (n=1) , diziness (n=1), tinnitus(n=1) . The average time to onset of symptoms was 13±8 years [1-35] . The hearing deficits presented by the patients were: sensorineural hearing loss (n=7), mixed hearing loss (n=1) and conductive hearing loss (n=2). The mean of Hearing loss were 34±9 dB in the right ear and 34±6 dB in the left ear . A declaration of the deafness as an occupational disease was indicated in two of the cases. the univariate statistical study showed that anxiety-depressive disorders were associated with tinnitus (p=0,036,OR=4,2[0,99-17,659]) and the position of teleconsultant (p=0,009,OR=5,622[1,338-23,627] . Eviction from exposition to noise was indicated in seven cases

According to our study, hearing loss in patients with anxio-depressice disordes is associated with tinnitus and teleconsultant job position . Early screening early screening of people at risk is recommended.

None Declared

The driver’s job is a safety job requiring a meticulous neuropsychological assessment, which can affect the decision on fitness to drive. Professional driving benefits from codified regulations concerning neuropsychological disorders.

To describe the socio-professional characteristics of drivers with psychiatric illnesses

To specify the impact of these pathologies on decisions on fitness for work

Retrospective descriptive study of drivers with psychiatric disorders who consulted the occupational pathology and fitness for work department of the Charles Nicolle Hospital for fitness for work assessment during the period from January 2016 to January 2023.

Out of 98 drivers who consulted our department for an aptitude assessment, nine (n=9) patients had a psychiatric disorder. The average age was 45±7 years. They were all men. They were bus (n=7), light car (n=1), and lorry (n=1) drivers. They belonged to the transport (n=7) and service (n=2) sectors. Length of service ranged from one year to 35 years. The pathologies presented by the patients were: anxiety-depressive disorder (n=7) , bipolar disorder (=1) and drug-addiction (n=1). They were being treated with antidepressants (n=7), anxiolytics (n=3), and thymoregulators (n=1). The medico-legal decision was to avoid professional driving (n=7) and to avoid professional driving at night (n=2).

psychiatric illnesses can compromise fitness to work. The role of the occupational physician in the primary and secondary prevention of people at risk is important.

None Declared

Mental disorders, musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) and their comorbidities are major threats to work and functional ability. The relationship between mental health and the common MSDs has not received enough attention

To study the socio-professional characteristics of workers suffering from work related MSD

To evaluate the association of work related MSDs with anxiety and depression disorders

A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among workers with work-related MSDs who consulted the occupational medicine department of the Charles Nicolle Hospital between January 2022 and September 2022. A remote survey was conducted among these workers to screen for anxiety and depressive disorders using the Hospital anxiety and Depressive Scale

The study population consisted of 54 workers with MSDs with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.74. The average age was 44.4 [27-61 years]. The average professional seniority was 14.9 years±7 years and the sectors with the highest prevalence of MSDs were the health sector (22%), the food industry (13%) and the textile industry (11%). The workers reported MSDs of the lumbar spine in 61%, gonarthrosis in 31%, followed by MSDs of the upper limb in 25%. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders were respectively 46% and 38%. There was no significant association between socio-demographic factors and anxiety depressive disorders. The anxiety disorder was associated with MSDs of the lumbar spine (p: 0.05; OR: 0.32 CI95% [0.1-1.09]).

Anxiety and depressive disorders were common among workers with MSDs related to work. Interventions targeting psychological distress and work-related psychosocial characteristics may reduce their musculoskeletal pain.

None Declared

Shift work can lead to mental health problems evolving into real anxiety disorders with significant socio-professional repercussions.

The purpose of our work was to screen paramedics with shift work for anxiety disorders.

Cross-sectional study carried out among the paramedical staff of a Tunisian university hospital. The data was collected from a pre-established record sheet. Screening for anxiety-depressive disorders was done using the HAD scale

The study included 158 paramedics. The average age was 36.48 years with female predominance at 70.9%. The average working time was 11.1 8.9 years and the average working time in shift work was 10.27 9.2 years. Of the 13 departments with non-standard hours of work, the main departments represented were resuscitation (n=24; 15.2%), emergencies (n=18; 11.4%) and radiology (n=17; 10.8%). Nurses accounted for 46.2%, manual workers for 23.4% and senior technicians for 19%.Certain anxiety symptomatology was found in 53.2% (n=84) and doubtful symptomatology in 29.1% (n=46) of the general population. Certain depressive symptomatology was noted in 17.1% (n=27) and doubtful symptomatology in 30.4% (n=48) of the general population. Occupational seniority and seniority in shift work were statistically significantly associated with both anxiety (p=0.04/p=0.05) and depression (p=0.05/p=0.006) symptomatology. ). Similarly, this anxiety-depressive symptomatology was associated with the position occupied (p=0.02 / p=0.04) and the assignment department (p=0.008 / p=0.01).

Anxiety-depressive disorders are common among paramedics working shift work in hospitals. Screening consultations in occupational medicine are necessary to detect these disorders early.

None Declared

Telework is a work organization in which a task that could have been performed on the employer’s worksite is performed by an employee outside of these offices, using information and communication technologies. COVID-19 pandemic has strengthened digitalization as the result of social distancing and lockdown. However, teleworking can lead to different risks for employees mental health.

Evaluation of the psychosocial impact of telework during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia

Descriptive cross-sectional study carried out from17 to 22 May 2021. It included workers who teleworked during the first lockdown. The data collection was performed with a self-administered online questionnaire specifying the socio-medical, occupational and psychosocial characteristics.

A total of 612 teleworkers were included. The mean age was 33±6.9 years. Sex ratio (M/F) was 0.32. The main sectors of activity were telecommunications and information technology (31.6%), legal and financial services (19%) and administration and organizations (16.5%). The teleworkers were operating in the private sector in 91.6% of the cases. Teleworking had been practiced before the health confinement by 55.6% of the cases and 86.3% had never received teleworking training. Psychosocial repercussions were noticed among 92.2%. During confinement, teleworkers reported a mood sadness in 36.4%, persistent anxiety in 27.8% and constant exhaustion in 43.3%. Sleep disorders were reported by 65.5%. They were difficulty in getting to sleep in 42.5% and a difficult morning awakening in 51.8%. The absence of work organization was significantly correlated with mood sadness (p<0.001), chronic anxiety (p=0.01), sleep disorders (p=0.03), and constant exhaustion (p=0.001). Spending breaks in front of the television and on social networks was significantly correlated with sadness of mood (p=0.04), anxiety (p=0.009), and sleep disorders (p=0.04).

Psychological impact of teleworking during health confinement at the COVID-19 pandemic was significant. Therefore, the role of the occupational physician is important in the detection and the prevention of health consequences.

None Declared

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with many contributing risk genes. Multiple intellectual disability (ID) susceptibility genes have been identified in ASDs to date. The trafficking protein particle complex subunit 9 TRAPPC9 (OMIM#611966) in an autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ID) gene associated with not fully penetrant phenotype combining secondary microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features, obesity, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The aim of this study is to consider TRAPPC9 deficiency in autosomal recessive ID with ASD.

We present the observation of two siblings, born to Tunisian consanguineous and healthy parents, followed up for syndromic intellectual disability (ID) associated ASD and microcephaly. A clinical exome sequencing was performed to one child using a Trusight One kit of Illumina. We used sanger sequencing to validate the suspected variant for the other child and to specify the parental segregation.

A homozygous pathogenic variant in the TRAPPC9 (NM_001160372.4) gene, c.1414C > T (p. Arg472Ter) were identified in one child. Sanger sequencing confirmed the homozygosity profile of this variant for the other child while the parents were both heterozygous carriers.

Repetitive behaviours, especially hand-flapping, were the mean ASD feature in our patients. The current variant is known in the Tunisian population. It is described to lead to the creation of a premature stop codon and a truncating protein causing a TRAPPC9 deficiency. The impairing neuronal NFkB signalling due to TRAPPC9 deficiency has been suggested to be implicated in ASD. Due to the profound ID seen in both patients, we suggest the classification of ASD related to TRAPPC9 deficiency as “secondary” rather than “primary”.

Our results support the implication of TRAPPC9 in secondary ASD and shed the light on the possibility of screening p. Arg472Ter in Tunisian patients with this form of ASD as it is a recurrent mutation in the Tunisian population.

None Declared

Absenteeism from work is considered to be a major source of disorganization and professional marginalization. Psychiatric leave is a frequent form of absenteeism in the hospital environment requiring medical control of the ability to work in order to detect certain abusive prescriptions or certain psychological disorders that can be professionally disabling.

To draw up the socio-demographic, professional and clinical profile of the health care workers examined within the framework of a medical examination of the aptitude for work following a psychiatric sick leave.

To determine the medical fitness-for-duty decisions in interaction with the prescribed psychiatric leave

Retrospective descriptive study on the files of health care personnel who had psychiatric leaves and who were examined in a framework of multidisciplinary medical commission of absenteeism carried out in the department of professional pathology and aptitude for work at the Charles Nicolle Hospital of Tunis. The study period was from January 1, 2020, to October 1, 2022

We collected 63 records. The average age was 44.75 years +/-11.28 years. A female predominance was noticed (71%). The patients were married in 75% of cases with at least one child in charge of 77% of cases. The main professional categories were nurses (29%), workers (24%), followed by anesthesia technicians and medical secretaries (8% each). The average professional seniority was 16.07 years +/- 10.34 years. Psychiatric history was found in 34.9% of the patients, 91% of whom had anxiety-depressive disorders, 4.5% bipolar disorders and 4.5% schizophrenia.

The main psychiatric reasons for the prescribed rest were characterized depressive episodes (75%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (3.2%), bipolar disorder type 2 with psychotic features (3.2%), postpartum major depressive episodes (3.2%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (3.2%). Professional conflicts with colleagues and/or superiors were reported in 21% of cases.

Psychiatric leave was prescribed by a free practice psychiatrist in 90% of cases. The average duration of leave was 50.1 days [14-180] days.

According to the opinion of the multidisciplinary commission, the healthcare professionals were considered fit to resume their professional activities in 59% of the cases, including 9 patients with restrictions (5 cases of eviction from night work, and 1 case of eviction from contact with the public, 1 case of professional reclassification and 1 case of early retirement). The leave was considered justified in 36% of cases for temporary unfitness for work.

The medical examination of fitness for work for health care workers on psychiatric leave remains a delicate decision which can run into numerous difficulties requiring a collegial opinion from the psychiatrist and the occupational physician.

None Declared

Stress is an integral part of the profession of health care personnel (HCP) and manifests in higher rates of depressive and anxiety disorders (ADD).

Screening of anxiety and depressive disorders factors among HCPs

A descriptive cross-sectional study in two university hospitals in Ariana was carried out ont september 2022. It included HCP who were examined for medical periodic visit. Data was collect from medical records, anxiety and depression Scale (HAD) and somnolence questionnaire (Epworth).

One hundred and nine HCP were included in the study. Women represented 87.2% of cases. The average age was 38 ±10.7 years. The average occupational seniority varied between one to 38 years. Nurses represented 38.5%, technicians 24% and doctors 7%. They had night work in 12% of cases. Depression and anxiety were found for 20% and 31% of cases respectively. Successive daytime sleepiness was found in 7% of cases. A statistically significant relationship was found between excessive daytime sleepiness and anxiety (p=0.005) and between depression (p=0.002).

Anxiety and depressive disorders in HCP were considerable. they were assiciated with sleepiness disorder. Night or day time shift wasn’t statistically correlated with ADD. Referral to psychiatric consultations after psychological opinion was done in order garantee therapeutic support and decide fitness to work.

None Declared

The COVID 19 pandemic had a significant psychological impact worldwide. Health care workers (HCWs) were the most affected because of the pandemic burden and occupational exigencies.

To describe epidemiological characteristics of HCWs with post COVID19 anxiodepressive disorders.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. It included HCWs of a university hospital who consulted the Occupational Medicine Clinics for the three-month post-COVID‘s medical visit. The study was carried out during the period March 2020 to January 2022. The data was collected using a questionnaire including socio-occupational and medical characteristics. Psychometric evaluation was carried out using « the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale »

We have collected 164 HCWs. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.29. The average age was 41±9.8 years. They belonged to the pneumology (27%), intensive care (11%) and biology laboratory (11%). The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 34% and 30% respectively. We found an association between sleep disorders and anxiety (p=0.000), OR=5 IC95%[2.4-10.3] and depression (p=0.000), OR= 4 IC 95%[2.0-9.3]. We found an association between anxiety and persistent fatigue (p=0,000), OR=4[2,0-8,6], anxiety and concentration and memory difficulties (p=0,000), OR=3 IC 95%[1,7-6,9]. Referral to psychiatric consultations were done in 16% of the cases.

Post-COVID anxiety disorders were frequent among HCWs and associated with neurocognitive disorders. Psychiatric support and early treatment are necessary to prevent mental deterioration.

None Declared

Occupational exposure to organic solvents can have multiple health effects for exposed employees.Neuropsychic effects represent an important part of these effects and have a significant impact on patients’ ability to work

• - To describe the socio-professional and medical characteristics of workers exposed to organic solvents

• - To screen among the study population for neuropsychological effects related to an organic psychosyndrome using the Q16 questionnaire.

A retrospective descriptive study of workers exposed to organic solvents, who were referred to the occupational medicine department of Charles Nicolle Hospital in Tunis for a medical assessment of their fitness for work over the period from 2016 to 2022. The socio-professional data were collected from the medical records. The Swedish Q16 questionnaire in its French version was used to screen for neuropsychological signs of organic psycho-syndrome.

A total of 37 workers were included. The mean age was 45.38 ± 8.63 years with a clear male predominance (77%). The mean occupational seniority was 21.39 ± 11.11 years. The average duration of the occupational exposure to organic solvents was 18.25 ± 11.29 years. The most represented sectors of activity were the plastics industry (11%), the automotive industry (19%), the carpentry sector (14%) and the aeronautics sector (9%). Our population was represented by polyvalent workers in 49% of cases and by painter in 24% of cases. Psychiatric history was noted in only one case. The main functional signs reported by the workers were wheezing dyspnea with breathing difficulties (13%) and headaches (11%).

The Q16 questionnaire was found to be positive in 65% of the cases, with a higher rate of positivity for the items relating to unusual fatigue (73%), irritability for no particular reason (67%), short memory (64%) and headaches (58%). Acquired dyschromatopsia detected by a Lanthony test was found in 39% of the cases, 23% of which was associated with a positive Q16 questionnaire. Additional exploration by specific psychotechnical tests was carried out in five cases, all of which came back positive with significant attentional and cognitive impairment.

A declaration of an occupational disease according to the Table n°23 (Halogenated derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons) and Table n°40 (other liquid organic solvents for professional use) of the Tunisian list of occupational diseases eligible for compensation was made in three and two cases respectively. A definitive exemption from exposure to organic solvents was indicated for all workers with a positive Q16 questionnaire.

Exposure to organic solvents is a risk encountered in various occupational sectors. Thus, education of the employees to the dangers encountered with a reinforcement of the collective and individual technical protection means are essential in order to avoid their detrimental effects on health.

None Declared

Psychoses constitute an extremely heterogeneous clinical entity, with variable medical and socio-professional prognosis depending on several associated factors.

- To describe the socio-professional and medical characteristics of patients with psychotic disorders.

- To study the repercussions of these psychotic disorders on the patients’ medical fitness for work.

Cross-sectional descriptive study of workers with psychotic disorders referred to the consultation of occupational pathology of Charles Nicolle Hospital in Tunis for a medical opinion of fitness during the period from January 2013 to July 2022.

A total of 34 patients were included. The average age was 41.67 ± 10 years. A male predominance was noted with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.12. Patients with bipolar disorders represented 77% (n=26) of the psychotics versus 23% with schizophrenia (n=8). Two cases had a family history of psychosis. The most represented sector was the health sector in 41% of cases, followed by the tertiary sector in 11.8% of cases. The most prevalent job position was administrative assistant (14.7%). The average professional seniority was 17.07 ± 11.18 years. At the end of the medical aptitude consultation, 17% of the patients (n=6) were considered fit to continue their usual professional activity and 70% of the patients (n=24) had certain restrictions, mainly an exemption from night work in 46% of the cases (n=11) and from security and responsibility functions in 17% of cases (n=4). Temporary unfitness for work was indicated for 18% of patients (n=6) with a median duration of 8 ± 3.46 months. Twenty-three percent (23%) of the patients were judged permanently unfit for their jobs. Early retirement was proposed for five patients. The main diagnosis for permanent unfitness was bipolar disorder (7/8 patients).

The evaluation of the social and professional impact of psychotic disorders is an area of research that requires continuous and periodic re-evaluation.

None Declared

Exposure to organic solvents (SO) is a significant occupational hazard in industrial settings. This can lead to neurobehavioural and physical effects that can affect the quality of life of workers

To assess, using a validated questionnaire, the quality of life of workers exposed to SO.

Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the occupational medicine department of the Charles Nicolle Hospital in Tunis, which interested patients exposed to SO who had consulted for a medical opinion on fitness for duty during the period from January 1, 2017 to August 31, 2022. The data collection was carried out by a telephone call using the SF12 questionnaire. Socio-demographic and medical data were completed from medical records.

We identified 51 workers exposed to OS. Thirty-three employees agreed to answer the SF12 questionnaire, for a response rate of 65%. The average age was 44 8 years with a clear male predominance of 75%. The most represented sectors of activity were the automobile industry (34%), followed by the leather and footwear industry (15%) and the plastics industry (12%). The jobs most exposed to SO were manual workers (54%) and painters (9%). The median occupational seniority was 15[10; 23] years. Comorbidities were observed in 72% of employees. The average physical composite score was 48%. The average mental composite score was 49%. The average overall score was 49%. Average quality of life (overall SF12 score above 50) was noted in 60% of the population. Moderate disability (overall SF12 score between 30 and 39) was found in 18% of respondents. Twenty-one percent of workers had a severe disability (overall SF12 score below 30).

In addition to socio-professional conditions, exposure to SO may be implicated in altering the quality of life of exposed workers. This implies the need to strengthen preventive measures in order to preserve the mental and physical health of these workers.

None Declared

The COVID pandemic has troubled the world and disrupted the professional and personal lives of healthcare workers, putting their mental health at risk.

Determine the prevalence of anxiety-depressive disorders among health personnel assigned to the COVID-19 circuit.

Cross-sectional study carried out on healthcare personnel assigned to departments dedicated to the care of patients hospitalized for a SARS-COV2 infection. The study took place between March and September 2021. Data collection was done from a pre-established sheet. Anxiety-depressive disorders were screened using the HAD scale.

The study included 140 health personnel. The sex ratio (M/W) was 0.62 with 54 men and 86 women. The mean age was 36.4±9 years. Nurses represented the largest professional category (64.6%). Professional seniority was 10 ± 9 years. Staff had been caring for patients with COVID for an average of 9 ±5 months. They worked an average of 4 days a week. The number of patients ranged from 1 to 55 per department. Psychiatric history was found in 29 participants, depression in 7% and anxiety in 2%. The workload was rated very hard at 42.1% and hard at 37.1%. Thirty percent of the population declared having received the moral support necessary to face the wave. The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 75.7% and 72.9% respectively. With 48.6% of patients presenting with definite anxiety and 27.1% with probable anxiety. Depression was certain in 40% of cases and doubtful in 32.9% of cases.

Anxio-depressive disorders are common among healthcare staff assigned to the COVID circuit. Setting up listening cells with regular monitoring of these staff is very important to avoid psychologic impact

None Declared

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was described among patients with COVID-19, health professionals (HP), and the population at large. HP were in the front-line managing this pandemic which put them at a higher risk to develop such trouble.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of work circumstances on the mental health of HP.

Cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. It included HP at Abdurrahman Mami Hospital who had a positive RT-PCR test of SARS-CoV-2 on a nasopharyngeal swab over the 10-month period from January to October 2021. Data collection was performed three months after the resumption using the PCL-5 questionnaire .

Seventy six HP was included in our study. PTSD incidence was 30%. Age average was 41 ± 9 years. Women represented 84%. Seventy eight percent of the HP were married and 71% were living with their children. The average number of persons in the family was 4 ± 1. Intensive care unit was the department of origin for 17% of the HP, the laboratory in 8% of the cases, the emergency room in 3% and the Covid-19 hospitalization services in 24%. The most affected occupational category was nurses (39%), laboratory technicians (14%), and physicians (8%). General difficulties with tasks usually performed was found in 35% of HP suffering from PTSD (p=0.012). It appears that limiting the time spent at work had a protective role for PTSD with an OR of 0.25 (p=0.002).

Handling COVID-19 health issues was the concern of all medical departments. This study highlights the impact of work circumstances on the mental health of workers. PTSD was prevalent among HP according to our study. PTSD may have an impact on work ability, which should be further explored by other studies. Other psychiatric disorders should also be investigated.

None Declared

Bipolar disorder or manic-depressive psychosis is a severe recurrent psychiatric disorder that, if left untreated, can lead to severe social harm, disability and neurotrophic changes in the brain. However, social and psychological factors play a key role in the onset and progression of the disorder. Therefore, a bio-psycho-social therapeutic approach in the form of an integrated model of “Collaborative Care” is recommended.

Determining the main factors interfering with the decision of fitness to work in bipolar disorders according to work requirements.

Clinical cases including health professionals (HP) was carried out. Cases were examinated at a specialized occupational health Clinics including HP between 2018 and 2022. Data was collected from medical records and by questioning patients directly in case of missing data.

Four HP were included in the study. All suffering from bipolar disorder. The average age was 37 years [28,49]. All were women. Two were divorced and one single. Two anesthesia technicians, a nurse and a cleaner. Two were smokers. Two were transferred to another department because non psycho-education of colleagues at work, dealing with patients, verbal and physical agressivness and cognitive disorders. The two anesthesia technicians were judged unfit for work because of their work responsability and the need for the integrity of all cognitive faculties in the workplace.

In order to decide the fitness to work, occupational physician must consider both bipolar disorder impact and workplace exigency. The adequacy between disease stability and others security is iteratively revised.

None Declared

COVID19 pandemic had a significant psychological impact on the population worldwide. However, health care workers have been the most exposed to psychological effects.

To determine the psychological impact of the covid19 pandemic on health care professionals (HCPs) who were working in the covid19 setting.

Descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in May 2020, having interested the HCPs of the Charles Nicolle hospital who were working in the COVID19 settings .The data collection was carried out with a pre-established questionnaire .The visual analog scale of B. Chini was used to assess the level of work stress. This assessment was undertaken at three points in time: during the work, during the confinement period and post confinement .

Seventy five nurses participated to the study. The average age was 39.7±9.6 years. The sex ratio was 0.74. The average professional seniority was 11.6±8.14 years. During the confinement, a feeling of anxiety and apprehension of danger to others were reported by 96% of the participants. In addition, sleep disorders and irritability were noticed in 65% and 92% of cases respectively. At the end of the confinement period, 77% of the cases reported neuropsychological complaints: feelings of anxiety (57%), mood disorders (49%), a sleep disorders (32%) and concentration disorders (20%). The average level of stress was evaluated at 7.54 during the work, 7.36 during confinement and 5.28 after confinement. Faced with this psychological suffering, 88% of the cases noted the absence of psychological support or assistance.

Psychological support and early screening in psychiatry and occupational medicine are necessary to prevent any deterioration in their mental health.

None Declared